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    Simple Machines

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    kevicya
    The document discusses different types of simple machines including levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws and wedges. It describes first, second and third class levers and how they work as force or distance multipliers. Formulas for calculating mechanical advantage, work done and efficiency are provided. Examples of lever problems are worked through. Maintenance of machines is also covered.

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    Simple Machines

    Uploaded by

    kevicya
    5 views20 pages
    The document discusses different types of simple machines including levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws and wedges. It describes first, second and third class levers and how they work as force or distance multipliers. Formulas for calculating mechanical advantage, work done and efficiency are provided. Examples of lever problems are worked through. Maintenance of machines is also covered.

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    Simple_machines

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    The document discusses different types of simple machines including levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws and wedges. It describes first, second and third class levers and how they work as force or distance multipliers. Formulas for calculating mechanical advantage, work done and efficiency are provided. Examples of lever problems are worked through. Maintenance of machines is also covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5 views20 pages

    Simple Machines

    Uploaded by

    kevicya
    The document discusses different types of simple machines including levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws and wedges. It describes first, second and third class levers and how they work as force or distance multipliers. Formulas for calculating mechanical advantage, work done and efficiency are provided. Examples of lever problems are worked through. Maintenance of machines is also covered.

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    Simple

    Machines
    The function of different machines:
    Levers, Pulleys, etc.
    Mechanical advantage
    Efficiency of a machine
     TEXT:

    Hiram also made the pots,


    the shovels, and the basins.
    So Hiram finished the work
    Devotion
    that he did for king Solomon
    on the house of God.
    2 Chronicles 4:11 ESV
    Types of levers
     First class levers allow us to use a small force to
    overcome a bigger force. Despite the fact that the
    distance moved by the effort is greater than that moved
    by the load.
     Second class levers reduces the effort required to lift the
    same load even more. Although the distance moved by the
    load is not much.
     Both first class and second class levers reduce the effort
    required to move a large load and they are called Force
    multipliers.
    Types of levers

     The third class lever requires a greater effort applied


    through a smaller distance, but causes the load to move a
    greater distance.
     This lever is called a Distance multiplier.
    The law of levers

     This law states that a small effort force


    acting at a large distance from the pivot
    can balance a small load force acting close
    to the pivot.

     Effort x distance of effort from pivot = load x distance


    of load form pivot
    =
    Problem

    A diver of weight 800N stands at the end of


    a diving board, 3.0m from the fixed end.
    What is the moment of his weight?
    Answer

     The moments of his weight is


    800N x 3m =2400Nm
    Problem

    A child of weight 250N sits at one end of a


    see-saw, 1.8m from the central pivot. What
    distance will another child of weight 400N
    will have to sit for it to balance.
    Answer

    =
    250N x 1.8 m=400N x X
    450 Nm= 400N x X
    450 Nm/ 400N = X
    X= 1.125m
    Other simple machines
     Wheel and axle:
     Gears
     Pulleys
     An inclined plane
     Screws
     Wedges
    Energy input and work done

     The energy put into a lever system is given by:


    Energy input = effort x distance moved by effort

     The work done by the system is given by:


    Work done = load x distance moved by load
    The mechanical advantage

     The mechanical advantage (M.A.) is the number of times


    a machine multiplies the effort that is put into it. The
    higher the mechanical advantage, the easier it is to
    perform your work

     It is defined as:
    M.A. = load (in newtons)/ effort (in newtons)
    Problem

    What would be the mechanical


    advantage of a machine that requires
    an effort of 60N to lift a load of 270 N?
    Answer

    MA = load/ effort


    = 270N/60N
    = 4.5
    * Note that the mechanical advantage is a
    ratio; it has no units because the units of the
    effort and load cancel each other.
    Efficiency

     Theefficiency of a machine is the ratio


    between the useful energy output and the total
    energy input.
    Efficiency = useful work output/ work input

    Energy is usually expressed as a percentage


    Efficiency = useful work output/work input x
    100%
    Maintenance of machines

     Machines need proper maintenance to keep them


    in good condition. Most machine parts are made
    from steel, which will start to rust if exposed to
    moisture and air.

     Moving parts of machines become damaged by


    force of friction between surfaces that move over
    each other.
    Maintenance continued

     Rusting can be reduced or prevented by coating the steel


    with an enamel-based paint or heavily coating with a
    lubricant such as grease and oil.
     Joints, gears and ball bearings are some of the main parts in
    machines that have surfaces which rub together, therefore
    they have to be lubricated regularly.
     When metal surfaces rub together with great fiction some of
    the energy is converted to heat energy. Lubrication reduces
    the friction and so reduces the heat produced.

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