INSTITUTE :UIE

DEPARTMENT: ALL ACADEMIC

UNITS
Bachelor of Engineering (All Sections)
Subject Name and Code:
Engineering Physics 23SPH-141
Prepared by: Ms. Arminder

UNIT 3
DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
Introduction to Nanotechnology &
Quantum Computing
 COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. The course is designed to make the students industry ready to contribute in the
growing demand of the industry at local, national and international level.
2. It will make the students competent to understand basic concepts and
applications of advanced engineering physics and apply its principles in their
respective fields at global platform.
3. It will enhance the skill level of the students and shall make them preferred
choice for getting employment in industry and research labs.
4. It will give thorough knowledge of the discipline to enable students to
disseminate knowledge in pursuing excellence in academic areas.

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 COURSE OUTCOME
CO Title Level
Number On completion of this course, the students are expected to learn

CO1 Quote the basic fundamental concepts of lasers, optical fibres, crystallography, ultrasonic oscillations, semiconductor Remember, Understand
physics, quantum mechanics and nanotechnology.

CO2 Demonstrate the working of various lasers, fibre components, semiconductor devices; explain the behaviour of crystalline Understand
solids, quantum and nano-scale systems.

CO3 Solve problems by applying principles related to lasers, fibres, semiconductors, oscillations, quantum and nanoscience. Applying

CO4 Compare various lasers and fibres, semiconducting devices, crystalline materials, structures at quantum and nanoscale on Analyze
the basis of their properties for industrial applications.

CO5 Develop various systems using lasers, fibres, semiconductors and nanomaterials for futuristic applications. Design

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 LECTURE OBJECTIVE

Students will understand Students will learn about

Students will learn about
how nanotechnology applications of
what is nanotechnology
develop. nanotechnology.

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 CONTENT

Introduction

Benefits

History

Applications

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 INTRODUCTION

Nanomaterials are
typically between 1 and
100 nanometres (nm) in
size – with 1 nm being
equivalent to one
billionth of a metre (10-
9
m).

Figure 1: Comparison of nano size with other lengths [1] 6

 INTRODUCTION

Figure 2: comparison of nano size with other lengths [2]

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 BENEFITS
This is the scale at which the basic
functions of the biological world operate
and materials of this size display unusual
physical and chemical properties. These
profoundly different properties are due to
an increase in surface area compared to
volume as particles get smaller – and also
the grip of weird quantum effects at the
atomic-scale.

Figure 3: advantages of nano-materials [3] 8

 HISTROY
 The idea of nanotechnology was born in 1959 when physicist Richard
Feynman gave a lecture exploring the idea of building things at the atomic and
molecular-scale.
 However, experimental nanotechnology did not come into its own until 1981, when
IBM scientists in Zurich, Switzerland, built the first scanning tunnelling
microscope (STM). This allows us to see single atoms by scanning a tiny probe
over the surface of a silicon crystal.
 In 1990, IBM scientists discovered how to use an STM to move single xenon
atoms around on a nickel surface – in an iconic experiment, with an inspired eye
for marketing, they moved 35 atoms to spell out “IBM”.
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 POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
Clear nanoscale films on
eyeglasses, computer and
camera displays, windows,
and other surfaces can make
them water- and residue-
repellent, antireflective,
self-cleaning, resistant to
ultraviolet or infrared light,
antifog, antimicrobial,
scratch-resistant, or
electrically conductive.

Figure 4: view of surrounding from ordinary lens and anti-reflective lens [4]10
 POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
Nano-engineered materials in
automotive products include
high-power rechargeable
battery systems;
thermoelectric materials for
temperature control; tires with
lower rolling resistance; high-
efficiency/low-cost sensors
and electronics; thin-film
smart solar panels; and fuel
additives for cleaner exhaust
and extended range.

Figure 5: example of nanotechnology in an automobile [5] 11

 POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
Nanoparticles are used increasingly in catalysis to boost chemical reactions. This
reduces the quantity of catalytic materials necessary to produce desired results,
saving money and reducing pollutants.
Transistors, the basic switches that enable all modern computing, have gotten
smaller and smaller through nanotechnology. At the turn of the century, a typical
transistor was 130 to 250 nanometres in size. In 2014, Intel created a 14-
nanometre transistor, then IBM created the first seven nanometre transistor in
2015, and then Lawrence Berkeley National Lab demonstrated a one nanometre
transistor in 2016 Smaller, faster, and better transistors may mean that soon your
computer’s entire memory may be stored on a single tiny chip.

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 POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
Nanotechnology researchers
are working on a number of
different therapeutics where
a nanoparticle can
encapsulate or otherwise
help to deliver medication
directly to cancer cells and
minimize the risk of damage
to healthy tissue. This has
the potential to change the
way doctors treat cancer and
dramatically reduce the toxic
effects of chemotherapy.
Figure 6: carbon nanotubes for fighting cancer [6] 13
 POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
Nanomedicine researchers are
looking at ways that
nanotechnology can improve
vaccines, including vaccine
delivery without the use of
needles. Researchers also are
working to create a universal
vaccine scaffold for the annual
flu vaccine that would cover
more strains and require fewer
resources to develop each Figure 7: The microneedles attached to this patch dissolve after
year. being pressed into skin, releasing a dose of vaccine. Each
microneedle is less than a millimeter in length [7]

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 POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS
Nanoparticles are being developed to clean industrial water pollutants in ground
water through chemical reactions that render the pollutants harmless. This process
would cost less than methods that require pumping the water out of the ground for
treatment.
Researchers are investigating carbon nanotube “scrubbers” and membranes to
separate carbon dioxide from power plant exhaust.
Nanotechnology is already being used to develop many new kinds of batteries
that are quicker-charging, more efficient, lighter weight, have a higher power
density, and hold electrical charge longer

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 SUMMARY
 Nanomaterials are typically between 1 and 100 nanometres (nm) in size.
 The idea of nanotechnology was born in 1959 when physicist Richard Feynman gave a
lecture exploring the idea of building things at the atomic and molecular-scale.
 Nanoscale additives to or surface treatments of fabrics can provide lightweight ballistic
energy deflection.
 Transistors, the basic switches that enable all modern computing, have gotten smaller and
smaller through nanotechnology.
 Nanotechnology is being studied for both the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis,
or the build-up of plaque in arteries.
 Researchers are investigating carbon nanotube “scrubbers” and membranes to separate
carbon dioxide from power plant exhaust.
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 FAQ

1. Define nanomaterials and compare this size with other materials.

2. Enlist some applications of nanotechnology in transportations.
3. How nanotechnology is being used in using energy efficiently?

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 REFERENCES

1. https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9939-introduction-nanotechnology/#ixzz
6UEWrLASu
2. https://www.nano.gov/you/nanotechnology-benefits
3. https://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1134#_What_is_Nanotechnolo
gy?
4. https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9939-introduction-nanotechnology/

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 IMAGES REFERENCES
[1]
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/THE-MICROCOSM-The-nanoscale-includes-proteins-
but-excludes-simple-atoms-which-are-too_fig1_301733368

[2] https://www.understandingnano.com/introduction.html

[3] https://www.tctnanotech.com/nanotechnology-benefits/

[4] https://www.stantonoptical.com/blog/anti-reflective-lens-coating

[5] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364717310868

[6] https://cancer-nano.biomedcentral.com/

[7]
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https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/07/23/537287781/beyond-the-nasty-needle-
 REFERENCES
VIDEO LINKS

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k61wjab7iUs

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0MzIh7wkgMs

3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bKh4cwAygPM

• BOOKS

• Sahni V., Goswami D. (2008) Nano Computing, McGraw Hill Education Asia
Ltd., ISBN: 978007024892Beiser A., Ghatak A, Garg S.C., Applied Physics,
Edition 1st, (2013), Tata McGraw-Hill, Noida. 20
THANK YOU

For queries
Email: [email protected]