MODULE 3: SPECIFIC ISSUES IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,

and SOCIETY

Lesson 1
TITLE: The Nano World

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES

After studying this module, you are expected to:

 Illustrate the concept of nanotechnology;
 Enumerate the contributions and advantages of nanotechnology to
the environment; and
 Explain the status of the use of nanotechnology in the Philippines.

INTRODUCTION
Researchers have been considering and working with nanoparticles for quite a long
time, however the adequacy of their work has been hampered by their powerlessness to see
the structure of nanoparticles. In late decades the advancement of magnifying lens
equipped for showing particles as little as molecules has permitted researchers to perceive
what they are really going after.

The capacity to see nano-sized materials has opened up a universe of potential

outcomes in an assortment of ventures and logical undertakings. Since nanotechnology is
basically a lot of methods that permit control of properties at an extremely little scope, it
can have numerous applications. (understandingnano.com)

ACTIVITY

LIST IT DOWN:

Name at least 10 inventions that are as tiny as or smaller than a matchbox

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ANALYSIS

Referring to the activity above. Why the gadgets of today are much smaller and powerful
than the gadgets a decade earlier?

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ABSTRACTION

Introduction

A nanometer is a billionth of a meter, or 10-9 of a meter

Scientists use special types of microscopes to view minute nanomaterials:

- Electron microscope. Is a microscope that uses a beam of

accelerated electrons as a source of illumination? As the wavelength of an
electron can be up to 100,000 times shorter than that of visible light photons,
electron microscopes have a higher resolving power than light
microscopes and can reveal the structure of smaller objects (Wikipedia,
2020).

- Atomic force microscope. Is a type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM),

with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of a nanometer, more
than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit. The information is
gathered by "feeling" or "touching" the surface with a mechanical probe
(Wikipedia, 2020).

- Scanning tunneling microscope. Is an instrument for imaging surfaces at

the atomic level. Its development in 1981 earned its inventors, Gerd Binnig
and Heinrich Rohrer (at IBM Zürich), the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986
(Wikipedia, 2020).

Nanomanufacturing

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 - Is both the production of nanoscaled materials,
which can be powders or fluids, and the
manufacturing of parts "bottom up" from nanoscaled
materials or "top down" in smallest steps for high
precision, used in several technologies such as laser
ablation, etching and others.
Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology

In more basic terms, nanomanufacturing prompts the

creation of improved materials and new items. As
referenced above, there are two essential ways to deal with nanomanufacturing, either top-
down or base up. Top-down manufacture diminishes huge bits of materials right down to the
nanoscale, similar to somebody cutting a model plane out of a square of wood. This
methodology requires bigger measures of materials and can prompt waste if overabundance
material is disposed of. The base up way to deal with nanomanufacturing makes items by
building them up from nuclear and atomic scale parts, which can be tedious. Researchers
are investigating the idea of setting certain atomic scale parts together that will unexpectedly
"self-collect," from the base up into requested structures.

Inside the top-down and base up classifications of nanomanufacturing, there are a

developing number of new cycles that empower nanomanufacturing. Among these are:

•Chemical fume affidavit is a cycle wherein synthetic compounds respond to create

exceptionally unadulterated, elite movies

•Molecular pillar epitaxy is one strategy for storing profoundly controlled slight movies

•Atomic layer epitaxy is a cycle for saving one-molecule thick layers on a surface

•Dip pen lithography is a cycle where the tip of a nuclear power magnifying lens is "plunged"
into a synthetic liquid and afterward used to "state" on a surface, similar to a good old ink pen
onto paper

•Nanoimprint lithography is a cycle for making nanoscale includes by "stepping" or

"printing" them onto a surface

•Roll-to-move preparing is a high-volume cycle to deliver nanoscale gadgets on a move of

ultrathin plastic or metal

Nanofabrication

The terms nanofabrication and nanomanufacturing are consistently used proportionally for
making one-, two-, or three-dimensional nanostructures in various settings (clinical,
photonics, equipment, imperativeness, etc.), with a by and large genuine degree of value and
assistant unpredictability and movement. These terms spread a huge gathering of different

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materials, devices, things, and quantify and are simply too broad to even think about evening
consider covering in detail in a short article.

One possible approach to manage perceive the terms is by using the norm of fiscal
appropriateness: the feelings of present day scale and benefit related with the word
manufacturing recommend that nanomanufacturing is a monetary development with
mechanical creation workplaces with practically totally robotized consecutive development
frameworks. On the other hand, nanofabrication is considerably more an investigation activity
subject to developing new materials and cycles – it's more a region of gifted specialists and
not of huge scope fabricating.

Today, the only industry where nanoscale manufacturing technologies are employed on a
large scale is the semiconductor industry, where device structures have reached the single
nanometers scale. Of course, the chemical industry has long been working with nanoscale
particles and pigments, but this falls more into the realm of chemistry rather than
nonmanufacturing (Source: Nanowerk)

Nanotechnology: Advantages and Disadvantages

Numerous possible applications and focal points include:

• Advances in malady therapies, for example, malignant growth

• Better imaging and analytic hardware

• Energy-effective items, for example, fuel and sun based cells

• Improvements in assembling that take into consideration solid, light-weight, proficient

creation devices

• Improved electronic gadgets, including semiconductors, LED and plasma

presentations and quantum PCs

• Nanorobots can be utilized to modify the ozone layer, clean dirtied territories and
exercise reliance on non-sustainable power sources

Impediments include:

• The expected threats to people and nature

• Loss of assembling and rural occupations

• Economic market crashes identified with a potential lower estimation of oil because of
more effective vitality sources and gold or jewels, materials that can be recreated with sub-
atomic control

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• Accessibility of weapons of mass decimation

• Improved nuclear weaponry

• The cost of examination and items produced using nanoparticles

• Nanotechnology has many present and future applications remembering

developments for gadgets, fabricating, sustainable power source and medication.
Researchers are simply starting to comprehend the genuine capability of nanoparticles just
as the expected threats.

Nanobots - With future applications in medication and industry, researchers imagine the
production of a useful nanite in around 25 years. Peruse on!

Carbon Nanotubes - While carbon nanotubes are intricate structures, one can undoubtedly
come to get them and their numerous capacities when separated into singular segments.
Lets take a gander at properties, changes and their utilization in Atomic Force Microscopy.

Microscopy in Biotechnology - Biotechnology is progressed and made more gainful

through the broad utilization of microscopy. Upgrades in microscopy procedures will give the
fundamental springboard to researchers to improve item usefulness.

APPLICATION

PROCESSING QUESTIONS

You will be evaluated using the rubric below;

Description
Score Understanding Strategies Thinking Skills
Uses effective
Understanding of Uses logical thinking
4 strategies to get
concept is clearly evident to arrive at conclusion
accurate results
Uses appropriate
Understanding of the
strategies to arrive Shows thinking skills
3 concept is evident
at a result to arrive at conclusion

Has limited
Uses strategies Attempts to show
2 understanding of a
that are ineffective thinking skills
concept

Has a complete lack of Makes no attempt Shows no

1
understanding of concept to use a strategy understanding
What are nanomaterials and how are they made?

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What is the status of the use of nanotechnology in the Philippines? What are the factors that
need to be considered for our country to improve in the field of nanotechnology?

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What are the contributions of nanotechnology for the improvement and sustainability of our
environment?

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LESSON SUMMARY

• Researchers in Nano-innovative fields watch and control anatomic properties of different

materials up to 1 nanometer in size.

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• Nanotechnology keeps on developing as a field and unites a multidisciplinary gathering of
scientists, including researcher, scientific experts, physicists and architects.

• Powerful tiny instruments are needed to watch the articles on a nanoscale.

• The investigation of a substance on a nanoscale includes perception and experimentation.

• The properties of numerous substances act contrastingly on a nano-level; a comprehension

of why and how this happens encourages specialists to acknowledge expected advantages
and dangers.