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    CHEM1070A: Principles of Modern Chemistry: Tutorial 3 Topic 5 & 6 Chemical Bonding

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    CHEM1070A: Principles of Modern Chemistry: Tutorial 3 Topic 5 & 6 Chemical Bonding

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    Chem 1070 Tutorials

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    1070A-T3

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    Chem 1070 Tutorials

    Copyright:

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    4 views8 pages

    CHEM1070A: Principles of Modern Chemistry: Tutorial 3 Topic 5 & 6 Chemical Bonding

    Uploaded by

    mirandatwong
    Chem 1070 Tutorials

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    CHEM1070A: Principles of Modern Chemistry

    Tutorial 3
    Topic 5 & 6 Chemical Bonding

    Yin-Yuen Ha

    Email: [email protected]

    1
    Q1. (8.24).
    (a) Does the lattice energy of an ionic solid increase or decrease
    (i) as the charges of the ions increase, (ii) as the sizes of the
    ions increase?
    q1q2
    Eel = 
    d
    According to the Equation, electrostatic attraction increases with
    increasing charges of the ions and decreases with increasing radius
    of the ions. Thus, lattice energy (i) increases as the charges of the
    ions increase and (ii) decreases as the sizes of the ions increase.

    (b) Arrange the following substances not listed in Table 8.2


    according to their expected lattice energies, listing them from
    lowest lattice energy to the highest: MgS, KI, GaN, LiBr.
    KI < LiBr < MgS < GaN
    Lattice energy increases as the charges on the ions increase. The
    ions in KI and LiBr all have 1+ and 1− charges. K+ is larger than Li+,
    and I– is larger than Br–. The ion separation is larger in KI, so it has
    the smaller lattice energy.
    2
    Q2 (8.42).
    Arrange the bonds in each of the following sets in or der of increasing
    polarity:

    (a) C-F, O-F, Be-F; (a)O–F < C–F < Be–F


    (b) O-Cl, S-Br, C-P; (b)S–Br < C–P < O–Cl
    (c) C-S, B-F, N-O. (c)C–S < N–O < B–F

    3
    Q3 (8.54).
    Consider the formate ion, HCO2-, which is the anion formed when
    formic acid loses an H+ ion. The H and the two O atoms are bonded to
    the central C atom.
    (a) Draw the best Lewis structure(s) for this ion. Are resonance
    structures needed to describe the structure?

    (b) Would you predict that the C-O bond lengths in the formate ion
    would be longer or shorter relative to those in CO2?

    4
    Q4 (8.48).
    Write Lewis structures for the following:

    (a) H2CO (both H atoms are bonded to C),


    What is the hybridization for “C”

    sp2 hybridization

    (b) AsO33- ,
    What is the hybridization for “As”
    sp3 hybridization

    (c) H2SO3 (H is bonded to O),


    What is the hybridization for “S”
    sp3 hybridization

    5
    Q5 (9.29).
    Give the approximate values for the indicated bond angles in the
    following molecules:

    What is the hybridization for “O” What is the hybridization for “C”

    What is the hybridization for “C” What is the hybridization for “C”

    sp3 hybridization
    sp3 hybridization

    sp hybridization
    sp2 hybridization

    6
    Q6 (9.12).
    The diagram that follows shows the highest-energy
    occupied MOs of a neutral molecule CX, where element
    X is in the same row of the periodic table as C.
    (a) Based on the number of electrons, can you determine the identity of X ？
    The diagram has five electrons in MOs formed by 2p atomic orbitals. C
    has two 2p electrons, so X must have three 2p electrons. X is N.
    (b) Would the molecule be diamagnetic or paramagnetic?
    The molecule has an unpaired electron, so it is paramagnetic.
    (c) Consider the p2p MOs of the molecule. Would you expect them to have a
    greater atomic orbital contribution from C, have a greater atomic orbital
    contribution from X, or be an equal mixture of atomic orbitals from the
    two atoms?
    Atom X is N, which is more electronegative than C. The atomic orbitals
    of the more electronegative N are slightly lower in energy than those
    of C. The lower energy p2p bonding molecular orbitals will have a
    greater contribution from the lower-energy N atomic orbitals. (Higher
    energy π2p* MOs will have a greater contribution from higher-energy
    C atomic orbitals.) 7

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