3.

PHYSICAL FITNESS, WELLNESS AND

LIFESTYLE
GRADE- XI
SUBJECT- HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Learning Objectives
Students will be able to learn and understand about
oMeaning & importance of Wellness, Health and Physical Fitness.
oComponents/Dimensions of Wellness, Health and Physical Fitness
oTraditional Sports and Regional Games for promoting wellness.
oLeadership through physical activity and Sports
oIntroduction of First Aid - PRICE
Meaning of physical fitness, wellness
and lifestyle
oWHO defines health as “a state of physical, mental, and social well-being, not
merely the absence of disease.”
oWhile the term Health focuses on an individual’s illness status and her/his
relationship to that status, wellness transcends the absence of disease.
oIt is much more than merely physical health, exercise or nutrition.
oIn fact, wellness is the full integration of states of physical, mental, and spiritual
well-being.
oWellness is about living a life full of personal responsibility and, therefore, taking
proactive steps for one’s entire well-being.
oThis means that a person living a life of wellness controls risk factors that can harm
her/him.
Meaning of physical fitness, wellness
and lifestyle (Cont.)
oWellness is an active process through which people become aware of, and make
choices toward, a more successful existence. – National Wellness Institute
oWellness may be defined as “the optimal state of health of individuals and groups.
There are two focal concerns: the realization of the fullest potential of an individual
physically, psychologically, socially, spiritually, and economically, and the fulfilment
of one’s role expectations in the family, community, place of worship, workplace,
and other settings.” – WHO Health Promotion Glossary Update 2006.
Importance of Wellness
oWellness Programme should be developed with an aim to providing health-
related lifestyle education with required support and resources to achieve
wellness.
oWellness makes the individual responsible for taking good decisions and
adopting good practices and preventative measures for achieving optimum level
of physical, emotional and social functioning.
oWellness Programmes enable an individual to understand health issues like
injuries, chronic diseases, cancer, cardiovascular disease, STDs, obesity,
nutrition, diabetes, and other lifestyle related diseases. Thus, they enhance
longevity and improve the quality of life.
Importance of Wellness (Cont.)
oIt promotes behaviours which help maintain good health like quitting smoking,
giving up alcohol abuse etc. and reducing social evils like violence, abuse, child
labour, gender inequality, caste system etc., thereby, leading to adoption of positive
values that result in an individual becoming a good citizen of the country.
oIt enables an individual to maintain a balance between work, personal life and
health that results in efficient and consistent output and improves general health, and
fitness through adopting regular physical activities.
oIt also helps to develop healthy social environment where people share and solve
personal and social problems, thus making the individual socially accessible and
culturally sensitive.
oWellness components like physical, emotional, mental, social, environmental,
occupational, and spiritual are highly inter-connected and can help to make the
environment disease and pollution free.
Meaning and Importance of Health
o“Health” is one of those terms which most people find it difficult to define although
they are confident of its meaning. Therefore, many definitions of health have been
offered from time to time, including the following:
oa. “the condition of being sound in body, mind or spirit, especially freedom from
physical disease or pain.” (Webster)
ob. “soundness of body or mind; that condition in which its functions are duly and
efficiently discharged.” (Oxford New English Dictionary).
oc. “a condition or quality of the human organism expressing the adequate functioning of
the organism in given conditions, genetic and environmental.”
od. “a modus vivendi enabling imperfect men to achieve a rewarding and not too painful
existence while they cope with an imperfect world.”
Meaning and Importance of Health
(Cont.)
oWHO definition-
oThe widely accepted definition of health is that given by the World Health
Organization (1948) in the preamble to its constitution, which is as follows:
o“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely
an absence of disease or infirmity.”
oIn recent years, this statement has been amplified to include “the ability to lead a
socially and economically productive life.
Meaning and Importance of Physical
Fitness
oFitness is the ability of an individual to lead a full and balanced life. It includes physical, mental,
emotional, social and spiritual factors and capacity for their wholesome expression. Charles A.
Bucher (1958)
oPhysical fitness is the ability to carry out daily tasks with vigour and alertness, without undue
fatigue and with ample energy to enjoy leisure time pursuits and to meet unforeseen emergencies.
H Harrison Clarke (1976)
oPhysical fitness is the ability to perform moderate to vigorous levels of physical activity without
undue fatigue and the capability of maintaining such ability throughout life. (American College
of Sports Medicine)
oIndividuals are physically fit when they can meet both the ordinary and the unusual demands of
daily life safely and effectively without being overly fatigued and still have energy left for leisure
and recreational activities. - Wener W.K. Hoeger, Sharon A. Hoeger (2014)
Benefits of Physical Activity
o1. Physical and physiological importance– Regular exercise improves posture,
thus preventing back pain, neck pain etc. and improving physical appearance.
Exercise helps to maintain the balance between lean body mass and fat and helps
maintain body weight. A physically active lifestyle speeds up the recovery process
after injury, disease, or intensive work out. Due to continuous physical activity,
flexibility of joints increases, reducing chances of developing arthritic pain and
helping to relax muscles. It helps to maintain healthy bones and to maintain bone
mass, which lowers the risk of osteoporosis. It also upgrades athletic performance
and keeps energy levels high. Due to regular physical activity, an individual’s resting
metabolic rate become high and her/his body develops such immunity which help to
lower incidence of disease. As a result, the individual feels energetic, and that helps
in job productivity, enjoyment of leisure time activities and the ability to face
emergencies.
Benefits of Physical Activity (Cont.)
o2. Mental and psychological importance– Regular physical exercise increases the
function of brain, enhances memory, and develops creative thinking. Physical fitness
enhances self-image, increases morale, self-confidence, and self-esteem, and reduces
tension, stress and anxiety. Psychological well-being helps an individual cope better
with stress and anxiety, thereby improving her/ his mental health.
o3. Social importance– Improved emotional health and self-esteem improves social
relations. Increased self-confidence prompts an individual to reach out to others.
Participation in physical activities and sports promotes leadership qualities and
strengthens bonds of friendship. Also, participating in sports activities provides
opportunity to meet new people who share a common interest. Meeting others may
be the first step towards establishing new friendships and developing a support
network.
Benefits of Physical Activity (Cont.)
o4. Improved health – Continuous physical activity increases longevity and slows down
the process of aging. It also decreases the mortality rate from chronic diseases. It
enhances the quality of life, enabling the individual to live longer, happier, and healthier.
Physical activity improves sleep quality and increases sleep duration. Individuals who
exercise regularly are less likely to suffer from troublesome sleep disorders, such as
sleep apnea and restless leg syndrome. Regular physical activity reduces risk of heart
disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, adverse blood lipid profile, metabolic
syndrome, colon and breast cancers etc. It keeps the blood thin which helps to decrease
chances of heart disease and stroke and to maintain level of blood lipid.
o5. Improved financial condition– Regular physical activity makes an individual
healthier and fitter and helps develop good habits. People who adopt an active lifestyle
have less chances of falling ill, and less chance of disease means bigger savings in terms
of money and time.
Components of Wellness
Components of Wellness (Cont.)
o1. Physical Wellness– Physical wellness is an individual’s ability to meet the
demands of day-to-day work and being able to take care of her/his health. Overall
physical wellness encourages the balance of physical activity, nutrition and mental
well-being to keep the body in top condition. Obtaining an optimal level of physical
wellness allows the individual to nurture personal responsibility for her/his own
health. As the individual becomes conscious of her/his physical health, she/he is able
to identify elements she/he is successful in, as well as elements she/he would like to
improve. Physical Wellness includes regular vigorous activities, balanced diet,
proper rest, avoiding intake of tobacco or alcohol, living in a healthy environment,
following safety precautions etc. A physically fit individual must have optimum
muscular endurance, muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility and a
fit body composition.
Components of Wellness (Cont.)
o2. Emotional Wellness – Emotional wellness inspires self-care, relaxation, stress
reduction and the development of inner strength. It is an individual’s ability to
understand and balance her/his emotions, accept her/his own weaknesses, and
respect another’s strength. It is important to be attentive to one’s positive and
negative feelings and be able to understand how to handle these emotions. It allows
the individual to accept her/his feelings. Once the individual accepts her/his feelings,
she/he begins to understand why she/he is feeling that way, and can decide how
she/he would like to act in response to those feelings. Emotional wellness also
includes the ability to learn and grow from experiences. It is important in today’s life
that an individual should be able to cope with stress, adjust to one’s environment,
enjoy her/his life. Trust, self-esteem, self-confidence, optimism are key words for
emotional wellbeing.
Components of Wellness (Cont.)
o3. Mental Wellness – Mental wellness, also known as intellectual wellness, is an
individual’s ability to learn, evaluate, accept new ideas, develop creative thinking,
have a good sense of humour, and develop a lifelong learning process. Intellectual
wellness encourages the individual to engage in creative and mentally-stimulating
activities that expand her/his knowledge and skills while allowing her/him to share
them with others. Intellectual wellness can be developed through academics, cultural
involvement, community involvement and personal hobbies. Intellectual wellness
encourages learning and enables the individual to explore new ideas and
understandings. It also stimulates curiosity, thereby developing a desire to try new
things. An individual with intellectual wellbeing is open-minded and clear,
enthusiastic to gather knowledge, accepting of ideas put forth by others.
Components of Wellness (Cont.)
o4. Social Wellness – It is an individual’s ability to positively interact with the
people of different cultures, ages, gender, religion etc. without building stereotypes.
Social wellness refers to the relationships an individual may have and how she/he
interacts with others. Her/his relationships can offer support during difficult times.
Social wellness involves building healthy, nurturing and supportive relationships.
Conscious actions are important in learning how to balance one’s social life with
one’s academic and professional lives. Surrounding oneself with a positive social
network increases one’s self-esteem. Social wellness enables an individual to
establish communication and trust and to manage conflict. Having good social
wellness is critical to building emotional resilience.
Components of Wellness (Cont.)
o5. Environmental Wellness – Environmental wellness refers to respecting the
environment and natural resources. Environmental wellness inspires the individual
to live a lifestyle that is respectful of one’s surroundings, and prompts the individual
to take action to protect it. It promotes respect for all nature and all species living in
it. It encourages the individual to adopt habits that promote a healthy environment
resulting in a more balanced lifestyle. It helps develop habits like producing and
eating organic food, minimizing the use of petroleum products, and reducing air,
water, noise and land pollution or food contamination. We are answerable to future
generations regarding conservation of natural resources. We should recycle the
products which we use and reduce waste and pollution.
Components of Wellness (Cont.)
o6. Occupational Wellness – Occupational wellness is the ability to achieve a
balance between work and leisure time, addressing workplace stress and building
relationships with co-workers. It focuses on the individual’s search for a calling and
involves exploring various career options and finding where one fits. Occupational
wellness deals with satisfaction from job and career of an individual. It is not about
holding a high post in a company or drawing a large salary etc. e.g., Individual ‘A’
may have a good salary in a reputed company, but she/he may not be able to execute
the plans or policies of the company effectively. Thus she/he may be stressed.
Whereas Individual ‘B’, drawing a lesser salary and occupying a lower post than A
may be satisfied with her/ his life. An individual picking up a job should consider
internal and external rewards.
Components of Wellness (Cont.)
o7. Spiritual Wellness – Generally, people think that spiritual wellness is linked with
religion, but the core of spiritual wellness is to find the meaning and direction of life.
Spiritual wellness allows an individual to be in tune with her/ his spiritual self and to
appreciate her/his life experiences for what they are. It lets one find meaning in life
events and define one’s individual purpose. By finding meaning in her/his life
experiences, the individual will be able to develop a harmony between her/his inner
self and the outside world. An individual who is spiritually sound has beliefs,
principles and values which guide and strengthen her/him in life. By following the
path of spirituality an individual gets faith, love, peace, joy, closeness with others,
altruism, compassion and forgiveness.
Components of Health
o1. Physical health: There is a saying that one thing which will stay with you for
your entire life is your body. So, if your body is healthy then you can do all your
daily work with energy and can enjoy the remaining time with your family and
friends. To stay physically healthy, you should exercise daily, walk as much as you
can and eat healthy.
o2. Mental health: A sound mind stays in a sound body, so if you physically healthy
than it will in turn help you to stay mentally healthy. Your thoughts will be clearer
and you have more confidence in dealing with the day to day situations. For mental
health you should include meditation and yoga in your daily life which will keep you
mentally calm and improve your mental health.
Components of Health (Cont.)
o3. Social health: We live in a world where we have to interact with people and we
should understand and appreciate the people we live with; social health is an
important aspect as it gives us the strength to build strong relations with people and
to enjoy the companionship which is important for an individual to live and sustain a
healthy life.
o4. Emotional Health: A emotionally strong person has the control on the
circumstances and can deal with different situations with an ease. It gives us that
power to stay alike no matter the situation an individual is in. We should work on our
emotional health as it will makes us more balanced human beings and also affects
our decision-making ability.
Components of Physical Fitness
Components of Physical Fitness (Cont.)
o1. Health-related Fitness – There are five components of health-related physical
fitness – muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, muscular
strength, and body composition. Health related fitness is an integral part of an
individual’s daily life, we use these fitness components every day without
consciously knowing about them, but if we understand these fitness components and
work towards their improvement then we can lead a full and healthy life. e.g.,
cardiovascular endurance is as important for a doctor as it is for a sportsman or a
farmer. A higher level of health-related fitness is directly related to the degree of skill
performance. e.g., moderate level of muscular strength is required to maintain
posture and to prevent neck, back or knee pain etc. but a high amount of muscular
strength helps to increase performance in weightlifting, jumps, throws etc.
Components of Physical Fitness (Cont.)
o2. Skill-related Fitness – Skill related fitness has six components namely agility,
balance, coordination, reaction time, power and speed. These are associated with
performance. An individual who has achieved a good skill-related fitness is able to
achieve high level of motor skills, which are a prerequisite in sports and in certain
jobs. Though, skill-related fitness is generally known as sports fitness or motor
fitness, it is very specific and multi-dimensional. e.g., agility is required in combat
sports as well as in the job of a fire fighter
Components of Health-Related Fitness
Components of Health-Related Fitness
(Cont.)
o1. Body Composition – Body composition may be defined as the relative percentage of
fat and lean body mass. Lean body mass is fat-free mass of our body which covers
muscle, bone, and other tissues that make up the body except fat. A healthy individual
should have relatively low percentage of fat in the body. It is important for an individual
to regularly check her/his own body composition because body fat is associated with
incidence of heart disease, diabetes, hypertension etc.
o2. Muscular Endurance – Muscular endurance is the ability of the muscles to exert
themselves repeatedly. A fit person can repeat movements for a longer period without
undue fatigue. The definition of muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle group to
execute repeated contractions over a period of time sufficient to cause muscular fatigue,
or to maintain a specific percentage of the maximum voluntary contraction for a
prolonged period of time. To measure muscular endurance following equipment are
used: Free weights (barbells, dumbbells), Gym mat (curl-ups, push-ups), Stopwatch.
Components of Health-Related Fitness
(Cont.)
o3. Cardiorespiratory Endurance – Cardiorespiratory Endurance is the ability of
the heart, blood vessels, blood, and respiratory systems to supply nutrients and
oxygen to the muscles and the ability of the muscles to utilize fuel to allow
continuous exercise. A healthy individual can sustain physical activity for a longer
duration without undue stress. Lack of cardiorespiratory fitness may cause restriction
in daily activities due to inefficiency of the heart to supply blood to different body
parts. Cardiorespiratory endurance activities are also called aerobic exercises. e.g.,
walking, jogging, swimming, cycling, cross-country race, skiing, water aerobics,
climbing stairs and skipping a rope.
o4. Muscular Strength – Muscular strength is the ability of the muscles to exert an
external force or to lift a heavy weight. A fit person can do any work that involves
exerting force like lifting or controlling own body weight, pushing almirah at home,
lifting gas cylinder etc.
Components of Health-Related Fitness
(Cont.)
oThe definition of muscular strength is the maximal force that can be generated by a
specific muscle or muscle group. Muscular endurance is defined as the ability of a
muscle or group of muscles to repeatedly exert force against resistance. Muscular
strength is defined as the maximum amount of force that a muscle can exert against
some form of resistance in a single effort.
o5. Flexibility – Flexibility is the ability of a joint to move effectively through its full
range of motion without incurring pain. Movement happens due to muscle length,
joint structure, and other factors. A healthy person can move the body joints through
their full range of motion in work and in sports. Due to lack of flexibility,
performance of daily life activities decreases, and there is occurrence of problems
like lower back pain. While whole body flexibility cannot be tested in one run, but
“sit and reach” test is broadly used test to assess the flexibility of hamstring, hip, and
lower back muscles.
Components of Skill-Related Fitness
Components of Skill-Related Fitness
(Cont.)
o1. Reaction Time– Reaction time is an individual’s ability to quickly respond to a
stimulus. It is the interval time between the presentation of a stimulus and the
initiation of the muscular response to that stimulus. e.g., in a sprint start, focusing on
the starter’s voice and the sound of the gun and reacting, reaction to a football,
reaction of the goalkeeper during the penalty kicks in a football match.
o2. Power – Power refers to an individual’s ability to act fast with resistance. It is a
combination of strength and speed. Throwing shot put, long jump, kicking in karate
are power dominant activities.
o3. Balance – Balance is an individual’s ability to maintain the state of equilibrium
while moving or in a stationary position. There are two types of balance one is static,
and another is dynamic.
Components of Skill-Related Fitness
(Cont.)
o4. Static balance is where individual maintains the state of equilibrium in a stationary
position.
o5. Dynamic balance refers to maintaining equilibrium during motion.
o6. Speed – Speed refers to an individual’s ability to perform the movement in the
shortest possible time. It is the minimum time taken to complete the task. Examples are
100 m and 200 m sprint, ice hockey etc.
o7. Agility – Agility is an individual’s ability to change the direction of the body rapidly
and accurately. It is a combination of speed, balance, power and coordination. Rugby,
football, hockey are the examples of sports requiring agility.
o8. Coordination – Coordination is the ability of an individual to perform a motor task
by using body movements and senses accurately and fluently. Juggling in football,
hitting a tennis ball, and kicking of football are good examples coordination.
Tradional Sports and Regional Games
for Promoting Fitness
oThe origin of sports and games dates to the inception of the society.
oSome games originated from sheer need of survival e.g., Archery, and some for the
need of social interaction e.g., Antakshri.
oThe desire to express emotions laid a strong foundation in the origin of different
dance forms and traditional games.
oThese games are the reflection of the beliefs and the culture of the society.
oIndia has always been a land of sports and games.
oMany games and sports that originated in our country, have their distinct regional
identity, and are now played in many countries.
Tradional Sports and Regional Games
for Promoting Fitness (Cont.)
oIndia’s sports history dates to the Mahabharata period where games like chaupar
and archery were very famous.
oMany studies also suggest that India invented many games according to the
availability of resources and the demography of the region, for example the boat race
known as Vallamkali is very famous in Kerala and till date it is organised every year
on the occasion of Onam.
Types of traditional sports and regional
games
o1. Board games: Early natives of our region developed two major board games
which are still played by the whole world. First is chaupar which is the origin of ludo
and the other one is Shatranj which is now known as chess.
o2. Combat Games: There is a misconception that the combat sports were invented
to hurt other human beings, but, they were, in reality, more for self-defence. Some of
the combative sports invented in India gained popularity when these art forms
travelled abroad. e.g., Kalarippayattu is one of the oldest martial arts of India
invented in Kerala and is considered to be the originator of judo and karate.
o3. Games involving help of animals: Animals have always been an integral part of
many cultures and societies. Their use for showing athletic skills has been a base for
many sports. Horse riding is an ancient sport which was popular around the world
for centuries but their inclusion in games in India came with polo which is still being
played today.
Types of traditional sports and regional
games (Cont.)
o4. Racquet Games: Racquet games are some of the fastest and exciting games
which are played in today’s time. Some major racquet games have their roots in
India. e.g., Ball Badminton, a game played with the help of a racquet and a rubber
ball, was invented in India. Some also believes that modern day Badminton also had
its origin in India’s Pune.
o5. Team Games: Team games encourage a sense of belongingness in an individual
and some team games also originated in India. e.g., Kho-Kho and Kabaddi are the
games which are believed to have originated in India.
o6. Play Games: Some games are played by children in their early childhood which
are an integral part of our culture and roots. e.g., Gilli Danda played with the help of
one small stick and one big stick is very popular in India. Similarly, Atya Patya,
which has a mention in Tamil literature is played in different part of the country with
different names.
Types of traditional sports and regional
games (Cont.)
o7. Indian gymnastics: Gymnastics has always been understood as a part of ancient
Greece and is very popular in Russia and other European nations, but in India we
have a sport named Mallakhamb which originated in Maharashtra, which literally
means malla, or gymnastics and khamb, or a pole. Thus, mallakhamb means
gymnastics on a pole.
Importance of Traditional Sports and
Regional Games
o1. Physical Aspect: We all have heard the saying “Survival of the fittest”. From
ancient times, there was always the need for being physically fit, whether it was
because of the harsh climatic conditions, the need to search for the food or the ability
to fight against an opponent. These traditional games always gave humans the
needed edge and made them physically fit to face any adversity. e.g., Thang-ta
originated in Manipur is an ancient martial art which is played with the help of
sword and spear.
o2. Social Aspect: Man is a social animal and has a constant need of companionship.
Many games and sports were invented to give a general sense of purpose to the
individual, whereas some games were designed to promote social interaction and
peer interaction. These games help kids from very young age to enhance their social
skills and help them form relationships.
Importance of Traditional Sports and
Regional Games (Cont.)
o3. Psychological aspect: Our ancestors understood very early on that physical
activity is the path to improving and fulfilling the psychological needs of an
individual. Now we have data from many studies that shows that physical activity is
good in enhancing self-confidence, self-esteem, motivation, personality, and
leadership skills. Traditional games gave platform to human beings to showcase their
talent and get that recognition from their peers and society which most individuals
desire.
o4. Emotional Aspect: Emotional health is very important for any individual to
sustain a healthy life. They can transfer the knowledge that they acquire by
participating in traditional and regional games into their life. Being emotionally
strong means that an individual can keep his nerves under control or stay focused in
very harsh conditions or situations.
Leadership
oLeadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a
common goal.
oHe/she is the person in the group who possesses the combination of personality and
leadership skills that makes others want to follow his/her direction.
oLeadership can be defined as a certain set of characteristics, behaviour or style that
one exhibits on a day-to-day basis, through one’s thoughts, words, and actions.
o“A leader is one who has power in authority.” – H.T Mazumdar
o“Leadership is the behaviour that affects the behaviour of the people more than their
behaviour affects that of a leader.” – LaPierre
o“A leader is one who knows the way, goes the way, and shows the way.” – John C.
Maxwell
Qualities of a good leader
Qualities of a good leader (Cont.)
o1. Honesty: One of the qualities that defines a good leader is her/his honesty. When
a leader is responsible for a team of people, it is important for her/him to be
straightforward. If she/he makes honest and ethical behaviour a key value, the team
will follow.
o2. Delegation of duty- It is important for a leader to focus on key responsibilities
and delegate work, duties and, even, authority to other team members. A good leader
delegates tasks to her/his teammates and oversees how they perform.
o3. Communication Skills- Communication is the key to success. Without clear
communication skills, no one would understand their mission, goals, and vision.
Communication should also be consistent when assigning a task or passing
instructions.
Qualities of a good leader (Cont.)
o4. Confidence- Another quality that defines a good leader is her/his confidence. To
be an effective leader, she/he should be confident enough to ensure that others follow
her/his instructions, and the team places their trust in her/him.
o5. Commitment- There is no greater motivation for the team than seeing their
leader working alongside everyone else. By proving her/his commitment to the team,
she/he not only earns the respect of the team, but also instils that same drive among
the team members.
o6. Accountability- A good leader takes responsibility for everyone’s performance as
well as her/ his own. When a leader takes personal accountability, she/he is willing
to take responsibility for the outcomes of her/his choices and behaviour. Leaders do
not blame others when things go wrong. Rather, they make things right – they are
fixers. Accountability goes beyond the leader’s actions and decisions.
Qualities of a good leader (Cont.)
o7. Enthusiasm- The term enthusiasm is derived from the Greek origin meaning possessed
by a god, is used for a leader who is motivating, energetic, passionate, and dynamic. A good
leader is enthusiastic about her/his own work and performance and also about her/his role as
leader.
o8. Focus- A good leader is generally focused and is able to think rationally. A leader should
also be self- driven to work harder in wanting to achieve better results.
o9. Ability to inspire- Probably the most difficult job for a leader is to persuade others to
follow. This is possible only if the leader is able to inspire her/his followers by setting a
good example.
o10. Responsibility- Last, but not least, the quality that defines a good leader is
responsibility. A good leader understands that leadership is about responsibility, and not
power. A leader takes responsibility for her/his actions which includes both failures and
successes.
Creating leaders through Physical
Education
oLeadership is a complex process that involves the effort of an individual to help
groups identify and achieve personal and group goals. Physical activity and sport
programmes offer great opportunities for youth to develop important life skills,
including leadership.
oFor creating or making effective and efficient leaders in the field of physical
education, stress must be laid down on the following points:
o1. Analysing leadership skills required for further development: It is essential to
analyse leadership skills that are already well developed among the students and
those which need further development.
Creating leaders through Physical
Education (Cont.)
o2. Identifying the students or groups of students whose leadership skills require to
be improved: Once players are involved in leadership activities, they must be given
the chance to further improve their leadership skills by being given opportunities for
leading teams and organising various sports competitions, and then observing signs
of improvement in their leadership skills.
o3. Offering opportunities for leadership roles: For improving leadership skills it is
important
ostudents are offered leadership roles such as supervising and managing sports
activities. They may be appointed captains of different sports teams, given various
responsibilities such as membership of various committees, official duties and
ground preparation duties, supporting other students in their play, organising
festivals and assisting teachers and coaches in running clubs and teams.
Creating leaders through Physical
Education (Cont.)
oleadership courses are organised for students. Care should be taken, however, to
ensure that these courses lead to an application of the knowledge, skill and
understanding.
ostudents are given opportunities to develop their skills by giving them tasks that
show progression in challenge and complexity
oleaders are recognised by giving them a symbol of recognition like a cap or other
uniform. This will serve to motivate other students.
o4. Having faith and confidence in the students: It is essential to believe in the
leadership skills of the students and to give them a chance for improving them.
o5. Rewarding them for their success: Rewarding students for showing improvement
by giving them more responsibilities helps develop their potential.
First Aid
oThe term First Aid was officially adopted in England for the first time in 1879 by St.
John’s Ambulance Association.
oIt refers to the treatment which is given to the casualty suffering from either a minor
or serious illness or injury, to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or
to promote recovery prior to professional medical help becoming available.
oIt includes initial intervention in a serious condition such as performing
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) while waiting for an ambulance, as well as the
complete treatment of minor conditions, such as applying a plaster to a cut.
oA First Aid procedure is generally performed by someone with basic medical
training.
First Aid (Cont.)
oFirst aid is the process of carrying out essential emergency treatment. It is
immediate and temporary care given to the victim of accident, injury or sudden
illness.
oThe person who gives treatment to the person suffering from a disease or the victim
of an accident, to improve his condition is called an ‘aides’ and the medical
treatment given as aid is called – the ‘first aid’.
oThe initial assistance given to a victim of an injury or illness, comprises of
relatively simple techniques that can be performed with rudimentary equipment.
oFirst Aid can be carried out by any person until professional medical assistance
arrives Its purpose of First Aid is to preserve life, assist recovery and prevent
aggravation of the condition, until the services of a doctor can be obtained or during
transport to hospital or casualty’s home.
First Aid (Cont.)
oFirst Aid is the immediate temporary care given to the victim of an accident or
sudden illness.
oIt helps ensure that the right methods of administering medical assistance are
provided.
oIts basic purpose is to provide immediate medical aid by a competent and qualified
medical personnel till the casualty reaches Hospital.
oAims and Objectives
oTo prepare properly for any emergent situation to avoid errors and act quickly and
calmly.
oTo assess and address life-threatening conditions first
First Aid (Cont.)
oTo minimize further injury, infection and complications
oTo make the victim as comfortable as possible, thereby enabling him to save energy.
oTo transport the victim to a medical facility as per necessity.
P.R.I.C.E.
oThe traditional protocol of dealing with sports injury, R.I.C.E., has now been
modified to P.R.I.C.E. This refers to the addition of the word “Protection” to Rest,
Ice, Compression and Elevation. Protecting the injured area from further damage is
crucial to the healing process.
oProtection: Protect the affected area from further injury by limiting or avoiding
weight-bearing through the use of crutches, a cane, or hiking poles. Partially
immobilizing the injured area by using a sling, splint, or brace may also be a means
of protection.
oRest: Stop using injured part or discontinue activity. It could cause further injury,
delay healing, increase pain and stimulate bleeding. Use crutches to avoid bearing
weight on injuries of the leg, knee, ankle and foot. Use splint for injuries of the arm,
elbow, wrist and hand.
P.R.I.C.E. (Cont.)
oIce: Ice application contracts blood vessels. This helps stop internal bleeding from
injured capillaries and blood vessels. It hastens healing time by reducing swelling
around injury. However, remember to keep a damp or dry cloth between skin and ice
pack. Do not apply ice for longer than 15 to 20 minutes at a time. Apply every hour
for 10 to 20 minutes. Apply ice as long as pain or inflammation persists.
oCompression : Hastens healing time by reducing swelling around injury. Decreases
seeping of fluid into injured area from adjacent tissues. Use elasticised bandage,
compression sleeve, or cloth. Wrap injured part firmly. Do not impair blood supply.
Too tight bandage may cause more swelling. Wrap over ice. Loosen the bandage if it
gets too tight.
oElevation: Elevate injured part above the level of heart. Decreases swelling and
pain. Use objects and pillows.
Recapitulation
oExplain wellness and its importance and define the components of wellness.
oClassify physical fitness and recognize its importance in life.
oDistinguish between skill-related and health-related components of physical
fitness.
oIllustrate traditional sports and regional games for promoting wellness.
oRelate leadership through physical activity and sports
oIllustrate the different steps used in first aid - PRICE
Home Assignment
oWorksheet
oNCERT Solution
What's Next
o Next Up : Test, Measurement And Evaluation