Relations and Cartesian Product
Relations and Cartesian Product
Relations and Cartesian Product
1. BxA
2 2
3 3
4 4
R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 2), (2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 4)}
How many relations are there on a set with n elements?
Relation Properties
R1={(1,1),(1,3),(2,4),(3,1),(4,2)} 1 1
R2={(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4)} 2 2
R3={(2,2),(2,3),(3,4)} 3 3
R4={(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,3),(4,4)}
4 4
R={(-1,-1),(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(-1,1),(1,-1),(-1,3),(3,-1), (1,3),(3,1),(2,4),(4,2)}
• As a-a = 0 is an integer for all real numbers a. So, aRa for all real numbers a. Hence R
is reflexive.
• Let aRb, then a-b is an integer, so b-a also an integer. Hence bRa, i.e., R is symmetric.
• If aRb and bRc, then a-b and b-c are integers. So, a-c = (a-b) + (b-c) is also an integer.
Hence, aRc. Thus R is transitive. Consequently, R is an equivalence relation.
Is the relation “divides” on the set of positive integers
equivalence relation?
0 1 2 3
07/10/2024 29
Relations – Representations
2 Arrow diagram:
Let A={1,2,3} and B={x , y}. Let R be a relation from A
to B defined as R={(1,y),(2,x),(2,y),(3,x)}
1
x
2
3 y
07/10/2024 30
Relations – Representations
3 Matrix Representation:
Let A={1,2,3} and B={x , y}. Let R be a relation from A
to B defined as R={(1,y),(2,x),(2,y),(3,x)}
07/10/2024 31