Module 1.

4 Gender and Development

Gender
and Develoment

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 Module 1.4 Gender and Development

Objective

Participants will be able to

promote awareness regarding
gender sensitivity and a thorough
study to provide fairness and
equity that acceptable to the
society.
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 Module 1.4 Gender and Development

Lesson Goal
• Define sex and gender.
• Differentiate sex and gender.
• Convert misconception about sex
and gender by correcting it.
• Raise awareness about gender
sensitivity in order to cope in the
changing world.
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 Module 1.4 Gender and Development

Lesson Goal
• Obtain principle of just and
fairness about gender sensitivity.
• Identify gender roles,
stereotyping, and sexual
harassment.
• Indicate provision and act., about
gender issues and concerns.
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What is Gender?
• Sex is what is biologically
assigned to an individual and
Gender is what a person
identifies himself or herself as.
• Gender is not binary; it is a
spectrum.
• Sexual Minorities.
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 Sex & Gender
Module 1.4 Gender and Development

“Sex” - the biological and

physiological characteristics that
define men and women.
“Gender”- the socially
constructed roles, behaviors,
activities, and attributes that a
given society considers
appropriate for men and women.
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 Module 1.4 Gender and Development

Sex is permanent and

universal, gender construction
varies from one society to another.

“Male” and “Female”

are sex categories,

“masculine” and “feminine”

are gender categories.
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Gender Sensitivity

• is the act of being sensitive to

the ways people think about
gender.
• it ensure that people rely less on
assumptions about traditional and
outdated views on the roles of
men and women.
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Language matters

• Gender sensitivity often gets

expressed through peoples
language choice.
• We can choose more
inclusive language and use
words that are gender neutral.
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.
Gender discriminatory
- words are not innocent by making
women non-apparent, society will
see them as possessing less value

Gender equality
- benefits both men and women by
giving them wider choice.

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Gender Roles
- is a set of social and behavioral
norms that are generally
considered appropriate for either
a man or a woman in a social or
interpersonal relationship.

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 Module 1.4 Gender and Development

1. Productive – comprises the work

done by both women and men for
payment in cash or kind
2. Reproductive – comprises the
childbearing responsibilities and
domestic tasks required to guarantee
the maintenance and wellbeing
of household members. It includes not
only biological reproduction but also
the care and maintenance of the
persons who comprise the household.
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3.
Community management role – compris
es activities undertaken at the
community level to contribute to the
development or political organization
of the community. It is usually voluntary,
unpaid work.

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Socialization

•Gender roles determine how

males and females should think,
speak, dress and interact within
the context of society.

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Socialization

•They define what is masculine

and feminine.
•Parents, teachers, peers, films,
television and religion teach and
reinforce gender roles.

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Some examples of
gender characteristics;

•Women are expected to take care

of family or domestic duties and
remain close to home.

•All men are expected to work and

earn money for the family.

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Some examples of
gender characteristics;
•Boys are better in mathematics
than girls.
•Boys never cry.
•Girls are very emotional
•Women usually do more
housework than men.

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 Housework
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•Mostly, it is women who do the

housework , cooking, cleaning, washing
etc which is repetitive and boring.
•Women have entire responsibility for
childrearing.
• Women have to look after older or sick
people.

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•All this is unpaid labor / work. It has no

economic value.
• But it contributes a lot to the overall
wealth of the nation.
• Hence, housework done by women
should be made a part of GDP.

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Stereotypes

Generalizations or assumptions
that people make about the
characteristics of all members
of a group based on an image
(often wrong).

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Exploring Gender Stereotypes

Men’s Women’s
Adventurous Patient
Brave Tolerant
Strong Forgiving
Virile Chaste
Hard, tough Motherly
Aggressive passive
Intelligent Obedient
Rational Beautiful
Decides quickly Soft
Loving
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Conditioning

As a child, boys get toys like

trucks, guns and super heroes while the
girls are given dolls and cooking sets.
This conditioning manipulates
young minds into believing that they
must act within their “given place” in the
society.

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Challenges

Girls who do not conform to

stereotypical expectations can experience
criticism, ostracism and even violence.
This also puts unwarranted pressure on
boys who love to read, dislike fighting, or
dislike sports or mechanics.
Gender equality benefits both boys and
girls.

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Benefits

Allow boys to express their

emotions, encourage them to be
expressive. Involve them in
activities like gardening and
cooking.

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Benefits

Expose girls to role models of

women in business, especially
those outside the stereotype, like
doctors, scientists and leaders.
These role models will help girls to
see themselves in professions
outside the normal stereotypes.
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Patriarchy

A worldwide system that

predates recorded history, the
patriarchy is the most powerful
force in the world today, trumping
other ideologies or political
systems or religious
.
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 Module 1.4 Gender and Development

Patriarchy

A worldwide system that

predates recorded history, the
patriarchy is the most powerful
force in the world today, trumping
other ideologies or political
systems or religious.

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Patriarchy

Even though men are more privileged

under patriarchy than women, some men are
more privileged than others.
These differences vary according to the
culture with its particular class subsystems
and, of course, the castes based on physical
characteristics like skin color and sex that
cannot be changed.

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Patriarchy

These subsystems can also be

based on lineage, on religion, or on
wealth. Women within the subsystems,
however, always occupy a lower status
than their male counterparts.

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Patriarchal Institutions
• Family
• Religion
• Legal System
• Economic System
• Political System
• Media
• Knowledge System

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Masculinity

- is a set of qualities, characteristics or roles

generally considered typical of, or
appropriate to, a man.
- Ex: aggressive, macho, angry, brave, virile,
being in control.
- Expectation of what a ‘real’ man should act
and look like but no one actually is.
- Biological factors, culturally constructed.

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Harmful downside
- Relationship between masculinity and
gender-based violence.
- Disempowerment and impoverishment of
women and the persistence of gender in
equalities through men’s violence.
- Loss of men’s dignity and self esteem
when they are taught to behave violently.

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 Module 1.4 Gender and Development

Harmful downside
- Relationship between masculinity and
gender-based violence.
- Disempowerment and impoverishment of
women and the persistence of gender in
equalities through men’s violence.
- Loss of men’s dignity and self esteem
when they are taught to behave violently.

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Moving out of the box

- Women are pushed back into

conforming by various punishments
ridicule, laughed at, contempt,
verbal threats, intimidation, physical
attacks, violence including beating,
assault, rape, murder.

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- Men also face challenges.

- Men who listen to their wives or
display sensitivity or do housework etc..
- Men also have to be very strong to
break out.

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Violence against Women

Concepts of Acid attacks

• Honour
• Rape as a weapon
• Chastity

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 What is Sexual
Module 1.4 Gender and Development

Harassment?
Uninvited and unwelcome
verbal or physical behavior of
a sexual nature especially by a
person in authority a
subordinate ( as an employee
or student)
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Sexual Harassment includes;

a. Physical contact and advances
b. A demand for sexual favours
c. Sexually coloured remarks
d. Showing pornography
e. Any other unwelcome physical,
verbal or non-verbal conduct of
sexual nature

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How to deal?

• Criminal Proceedings
• Disciplinary action
• Complaint Mechanism
• Complaints Committee
• Raise Awareness

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Provision and act

Republic Act No. 7610

“Special Protection of Children Against Child
Abuse, Explotation and Dicrimination Act.”

An act providing for stronger deterrence

and special protection against child abuse,
exploitation and discrimination providing
penalties for its violation, and for other
purposes.

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Provision and act

Republic Act No. 7877

Anti – Sexual Harassment Act of 1995

An act declaring sexual harassment

unlawful in the employment, education or
training environment, and for other
purposes.

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Thanks for listening !!

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