2024 Lecture 1 Skull, Mandible, Fossa
2024 Lecture 1 Skull, Mandible, Fossa
2024 Lecture 1 Skull, Mandible, Fossa
-Articulates with
parietal, sphenoid,
lacrimal, nasal,
ethmoid, zygomatic
and maxilla
FRONTAL BONE
•PARIETAL BONES
-Part of the superior and lateral surfaces of the cranium
-Articulate with each other – sagittal suture
-Articulate with occipital, frontal,
temporal and sphenoid bones
TEMPORAL BONE
4 PARTS
– Squamous part:
anterior portion, fan-
shaped
– Petrous part:
posterior portion
– Tympanic part:
associated with ear
canal
– Mastoid part
TEMPORAL BONE
SQUAMOUS PART
–
SHENOID
GREATER WING LESSER WING
Foramen rotundum ;maxillary Forms the posterior wall of the
branch orbit
• of trigeminal n • – Contains
• – Foramen ovale;mandiular branch
• Optic foramen (optic nerve
• of trigeminal n
and ophthalmic artery)
• –Foramen Spinosum ;artery
Superior orbital fissure -3rd,
• to the meninges
4th, 6th cranial n
• – Foramen lacerum;filled
• Anterior clinoid process -
• with cartilage, no vessels are
guard the optic foramen
• nerves transmitted
SHENOID BONE
Pterygoid processes
BODY
– Sella turcica • (medial and lateral
plates)
• has deep pit that called the
-Inferior to the greater wings
hypophyseal fossa which
– Provide attachment for jaw
houses the pituitary gland muscles
• Turberculum –
sellae( anterior raised
margin)
• Dorsum sellae( posterior
margin)
Sphenoid sinuses
SPHENOID BONE
ETHMOID BONE – Irregularly shaped bone
– Forms part of orbital wall
– Forms roof of nasal cavity
– Articulates with: frontal, sphenoid,
lacrimal and maxillary bones
Crista galli-triangular projection b/w
cribiform plates
For attachment of meninges(dura m.)
– Two lateral masses – contain the
ethmoid sinuses
• projections called the superior and
middle nasal conchae
– Two plates: perpendicular plate
& the cribiform plate
– Cribiform plate: perforations for
olfactory nerve,
– Perpendicular plate = upper part of
nasal septum
SUTURES
fibrous Immovable joints that
connect the bones of the skull
Form boundaries between skull
bones
Five sutures
– Coronal
– Sagittal
– Lambdoid
– Squamous
– Frontonasal
CRANIAL SUTURES
• Cranial sutures are the fibrous joints that
connect the bones of the skull. These joints
are formed by interlocking, immovable
fibrous tissue between adjacent bones. They
allow for slight movement during infancy to
accommodate brain growth but eventually
fuse together in adulthood to form a solid
structure. There are several main cranial
sutures:
1.Coronal suture: This runs horizontally across the
skull, separating the frontal bone from the parietal
bones.
2.Sagittal suture: This extends vertically along the top
of the skull, between the two parietal bones, and
connects them together.
3.Lambdoid suture: This is located at the back of the
skull, where the parietal bones meet the occipital
bone.
4.Squamous suture: This joins the temporal bone to the
parietal bone on each side of the skull
-Two foramina in each palatine bone
1. Greater palatine – about 3rd molar
-greater palatine nerve, landmark
for administration of local
2. Lesser palatine – lesser palatine
nerve to soft palate
• Lacrimal bones
– Smallest bones in skull
– Forms nasolacrimal groove leading to nasolacrimal
canal
– Delivers tears to nasal cavity
• INFERIOR NASAL CONCHA
– Located on each side of nasal septum
– Increase epithelial surface
– Create turbulence in inspired air
Vomer
Vomer
Thin midline plate of bone
Quadrilateral in shape
Forms posterior part of nasal septum
Articulates with maxillae and palatines
MANDIBLE
• Lower jaw
• Only freely movable bone of the skull
• Moving articulations with temporal bone
MANDIBLE: ANTERIOR
SURFACE
• Many landmarks on the
body
– Mental protruberence –
beneath the roots of the
mandibular incisors
– Faint ridge at the midline
– mandibular symphysis
(fusion of right and left
processes during
development)
Lateral to the midline –
mental foramina (mental
nerve and vessels into the
mandibular canal)
MANDIBLE: ANTERIOR & LATERAL
SURFACES
• Depressions in
cranial floor
• Anterior cranial fossa
– Frontal bone,
ethmoid, lesser wings
of sphenoid
• Middle cranial fossa
– Sphenoid, temporal
bones, parietal bones
• Posterior cranial
fossa
– Occipital bone,
temporal bones,