Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 33 views

    Division of Skeletal System

    Uploaded by

    Naveela
    The 206 bones in the human body can be divided into two groups: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The 80 bones that make up the axial skeleton form the central axis of the body and include the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. The appendicular skeleton is made up of 126 bones and includes the limbs and their attachments via girdles to the axial skeleton.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Division of Skeletal System

    Uploaded by

    Naveela
    33 views29 pages
    The 206 bones in the human body can be divided into two groups: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The 80 bones that make up the axial skeleton form the central axis of the body and include the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. The appendicular skeleton is made up of 126 bones and includes the limbs and their attachments via girdles to the axial skeleton.

    Original Description:

    Anatomy And Physiology for Nurses

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The 206 bones in the human body can be divided into two groups: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The 80 bones that make up the axial skeleton form the central axis of the body and include the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. The appendicular skeleton is made up of 126 bones and includes the limbs and their attachments via girdles to the axial skeleton.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views29 pages

    Division of Skeletal System

    Uploaded by

    Naveela
    The 206 bones in the human body can be divided into two groups: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The 80 bones that make up the axial skeleton form the central axis of the body and include the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. The appendicular skeleton is made up of 126 bones and includes the limbs and their attachments via girdles to the axial skeleton.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 29

    Division of Skeletal System

    Tanveer Saeed
    Assistant Professor
    AKU-SONAM
    Division of Skeleton
    206 BONES: These bones can be grouped
    in two divisions:

    1. Axial Skeleton

    2. Appendicular Skeleton

    TANVEER SAEED
    Division of Skeleton
    • The 80 bones of the axial • The appendicular
    skeleton form the vertical skeleton consists of 126
    axis of the body. bones and includes the:
    They include the bones of • Free appendages and
    the: their attachments to the
    • head axial skeleton.
    • vertebral column • The free appendages are
    • ribs the upper and lower
    extremities, or limbs, and
    • breastbone or sternum. their attachments which
    are called girdles.
    Axial Skeleton (80 bones)
    • Skull (28) consists of 2. Facial Bones 14
    8 cranial and 14 facial • (Maxilla (1) ( originated
    bones. as 2)
    1. Cranium • Zygomatic (2)
    • Frontal (1) • Mandible (1) (originated
    • Parietal (2) as 2)

    • Temporal (2) • Nasal (2)


    • Occipital (1) • Palatine (2)
    • Ethmoid (1) • Inferior nasal
    conchae (2)
    • Sphenoid (1)
    • Lacrimal (2)
    • Vomer (1)
    Axial Skeleton Cont’d

    • Auditory Ossicles (6 bones)


    • Malleus (2)
    • Incus (2)
    • Stapes (2)
    • Hyoid (1)
    Total skull bones = 29

    Hyoid bone
    Skull (Cranial Bones)
    Skull
    Frontal and Parietal Bones

    • Located anteriorly, forms part of orbital


    roof, and anterior portion of cranial floor.
    • Supraorbital margin – Arched ridge just
    below eyebrows, forms superior edge of
    orbits.
    • Supraorbital foramina – in supraorbital
    margin slightly medial to midpoint,
    transmits nerve and blood vessels.
    • Parietal Bones
    • Superior lateral portion of cranium.
    Frontal Bone
    Occipital Bone
    • Forms posterior wall and
    floor of cranium.
    • Foramen Magnum –
    large passageway for
    spinal cord exit from
    cranium.
    • Occipital Condyles –
    located lateral to
    foramen magnum
    articulates with atlas
    (C1).
    • External Occipital
    Protuberance –
    prominent projection on
    posterior surface.
    Occipital Bone
    Temporal Bone
    Divided into four parts:
    • Zygomatic process – projection that articulates
    with zygomatic bone.
    • Mastoid process – protuberance inferior and
    posterior to ear, muscle attachment. Styloid
    process – slender spike of bone extending
    inferior and anteriorly.
    • Squamous part - thin fan shaped part that
    articulates with the parietal bone.
    • Petrous portion- forms part of the base of the
    skull and contains organ of hearing.
    Temporal Bone
    Sphenoid Bone
    • Keystone of cranial floor.
    • Resembles bat wings, lies deep and slightly
    superior to nose and throat, forms parts of orbital
    wall floor and posterior.
    • Greater wings – lateral projection from body,
    forms lateral wall of orbit.
    • Lesser wings – superior portion of sphenoid
    body, forms posterior orbital wall.
    • Sella turcica –saddle shaped depression on
    superior surface of body, contains Pituitary gland
    (Hypophyseal gland).
    Sphenoid Bone
    • Ethmoid Bone
    Ethmoid

    • Irregular bone that makes up the anterior portion


    of cranial wall, medial wall of orbits, upper parts
    of nasal septum, lateral nasal roof.
    • Perpendicular plate – forms upper part of nasal
    septum.
    • Nasal Conchae – Upper and middle conchae
    or turbinated processes.
    • Horizontal (cribriform) plate – passage of
    olfactory nerves through multiple openings.
    Facial Bones
    Zygomatics
    • Cheekbone, forms part of anterior and lateral surface of orbit.
    • Temporal process – articulates with zygomatic process of temporal
    bone.
    Lacrimals
    • Posterior and lateral to nasal bones in median wall of orbits, forms
    lateral of nasal cavity.
    Palatines
    • Posterior portion of hard palate, inferior and lateral surface of nasal
    cavity, inferior surface of orbit.
    Nasal bones
    • Superior portion of nasal cavity.
    Vomer
    • Inferior and posterior nasal septum.
    Inferior Nasal Conchae
    • Turbinated bones forms posterior of nasal cavity.
    Tympanic region
    of temporal bone
    Maxillae or Upper Jaw
    • Upper jaw bones, part of floor of orbit,
    anterior portion of roof of mouth and floor
    of nose and part of lateral walls of nasal
    cavity.
    • Alveolar ridge or process-- carries teeth.
    • Maxillary Sinus--- on each side lined with
    ciliated mucous membrane.
    Mandible or Lower Jaw
    • Movable bone of the skull.
    • Rami (ramus)
    • Condyloid process – part of
    each ramus that articulates
    with mandibular fossa of
    temporal bone forming
    temporomandibular joint.
    • Coronoid process--- gives
    attachment to muscles and
    ligaments.
    Paranasal Sinuses

    • Spaces or cavities in bone those


    associated with nasal cavity called
    paranasal sinuses and includes:
    • frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal, and
    maxillary.
    • Function – Humidify, warm and filter
    inspired air through nasal cavity.
    Paranasal Sinuses
    Fontanels
    • “Soft spots” where ossification is incomplete at
    birth, allows some compression of cranium at
    birth to pass through the birth canal.
    • Frontal (anterior) –intersection of sagittal and
    coronal sutures, diamond shaped largest
    fontanel.
    • When does it closes?
    • Occipital (posterior) – intersection of sagittal
    and lambdoidal sutures.
    • When does it closes?
    Fontanelles
    Sutures
    • Sutures are immovable joints between cranial
    bones.

    • Sagittal – between parietal bones.


    • Squamous – between temporal and parietal
    bones.
    • Coronal (frontal) – between frontal and parietal
    bones.
    • Lambdoidal – between parietal and occipital.
    Thank You

    Practice

    You might also like