Massage

MASSAGE
DEFINITION
• It is the systemic & scientific manipulation of the soft
tissues of the body done with the palmar surface of the
hand & finger inoder to produce an effect on the skin,
muscle,blood vessels,nerves,joints which will help to
restore/improve function
• Massein (Greek) means “To touch/handle to knead or
squeese
• Masser (French) means to massage
General Principles
 Persional appearance of the therapist
 Surrounding
Comfortable room temperature
Calm, Peaceful, Chearful environment
Easy listening to music
• Care of hand, Wrist, Finger
• Posture
To avoid fatigue & back ache
Even distribution of body weight
• Positioning of the patient
• Positioning of the patient
• Draping
• Lubricate
• Pressure & rhythm
• Duration & rest
BASIS OF CLASIFICATION OF
MASSAGE
Application of touch and pressure in various manners
constitute the maneuvers of massage.
The effects produced by a technique entirely depend
upon the type of tissue approached during a particular
technique and the character of the technique governs
this.
Massage can be classified on the basis of
 character of techniques
 Depth of tissue approached (light/deep)
 The region of body, to which massage is
given(general/local)
 Means of application of pressure(manual/mechanical)
CLASSIFICATION
MASSAGE
Stroking Pressure
manipulation Percution Shaking
manipulation
manipulation manipulation
 Stroking  Hacking
a) Light  Shaking
 Clapping  Vibration
b) Deep  Beating
 Efflurage  Pounding
Friction Kneading Petrissage

a) Squeesing a) Picking up
a) Circular b) Ironing b) Wringing
b) Transverse c) Circular/stationary c) Rolling
Stroking manipulation
Consists of linear movements of relaxed hand along
the whole length of segment known as “strike”, which
usually cover one aspect of the entire segment at a
time.
An even pressure is applied throughout the strokes,
which are repeated rhythmical way.
According to the amount and direction of applied
pressure, it is divided into two technique.
Superficial stroking:- it is the rhythmical linear
movement of the hand or a part applied over the skin
in either direction, i.e, proximal to distal or vice versa,
without any pressure.
Effleurage :- linear movement of hand, over the
external surface of body in the direction of venous and
lymphatic drainage, with moderate pressure.
Pressure manipulations: the hand of the therapist &
skin of the patient move together as one and fairly deep
localiesed pressure is applied to the body.
Kneading: in this technique, the tissues are pressed
down on to the underlying-firm-structure and
intermittent pressure is applied in circular direction,
parallel to the long axis of bone.
- Digital kneading: pressure is applied by the fingers
- Palmar kneading: pressure is applied with the palm
- Reinforced kneading/ironing: Both the hands,
placed over one another, are used to apply pressure. The
lower hand, which is in contact with the patient’s skin,
receives reinforcement from the other hand.
Petrissage : the tissues are grasped & lifted away from
the underlying structures and intermittent pressure is
applied to the tissue in the direction that is
perpendicular to the long axis of bone.
i. Picking up: tissues are lifted away from underlying
structures, squeezed and then released using one or
both the hands.
ii. Wringing : using both the hands, tissues are lifted
away from the underlying structures, squeezed,
twisted and then released.
iii. Skin rolling: the skin and fascia are lifted up with both
the hands & moved over the subcutaneous tissues by
keeping a roll of lifted tissue continuously ahead of the
moving thumb.
INDICATION
1) Decrease pain
2) Muscle spasm
3) Loosen scar tissue
4) Decrease edema
5) Decrease adhesion
6) Local muscle relaxation
7) Increase circulation to muscle
CONTRA INDICATION
General Local
1.Swelling/Edema 1. Skin lesion

due to renal or cardial Scsbies
problem Eczema
2. High fever 2. Gross edema
more than 100 degree F
3.Rescent fractures 3. Hyper sensitive skin
4.Infections skin diseases 4. Excessive hairy skin
5.Severe pain
6.Acute inflammatory deseases
7.Malignant tumor
8.Myocitis ossificans
9.Atherosclerosis
10.Thrombus formation
PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT OF MASSAGE
GENERAL
 Breakdown adhesion/scaring
 Increase flexibility & mobility
 Increase joint range of motion
 Increase cellular metabolism
 Increase skin temperature & blood flow
 Remove Toxins & metabolic waste
 Promotes hormonal release with systemic effects
 Improve overall blood & lymph circulation
 Fastense healing
EFFECTS ON CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
1. Delivers oxygen & nutrients to cells
2. Remove toxins & metabolic wastes
3. Promotes vascular health and flexibility
EFFECTS ON THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

4. Augments the circulatory system by retraining intestinal
fluid to the blood
5. Opens lymph channels for better flow
6. Reduce edema
EFFECTS ON THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
1. Increase blood flow to the skin
2. Fecilitates sebaceous secretion
EFFECTS ON MUSCULAR SYSTEM

3. Stretches muscles
4. Promote muscle relaxation
5. Improve muscle tones
6. Relieve muscle spasm,cramps,pain
7. Promote healing
EFFECTS ON NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. Alleviate pain directly,chemically & via the nervous
respponse
2. Promote homeostasis in the para sympathetic &
sympathetic systems
3. Promotes natural release of pain killers(endorphins)
EFFECTS ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

4. Decrease stress and anxiety associated with respiratory problems
5. Promotes fluid removal from lungs
EFFECTS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
1. Increase T- cytotoxic cells
2. Decrease stress
EMOTIONAL EFFECTS
3. Promote positive feeling
4. Reduces pain, both physical and emotional
5. Reduces fatigue both physical and emotional
6. Promotes deep relaxation
7. Increase productivity
SEQUENCE
I. Face
1. Stroking
2. Efflurage
3. Finger kneeding from chin to the level of eye
4. Thumb kneeding to the forehead & around the eyes
5. Hacking
6. Vibration
NOTE:Efflurage should be repeated after each manipulation
II. BACK
1. Stroking
2. Efflurage
3. Friction to intervertebral joints from occipitl to sacral joints
4. Ironing
5. Skin rolling
6. Hacking
7.Clapping
8.Pounding
9.Beating
10. Vibration
11. Shaking
III. UPPER LIMB
1. Stroking
2. Efflurage
Arm- Efflurage
Shoulder- Friction
Deltoid – Picking up,circular kneading, hacking
Biceps & Triceps – Circular kneading
- Picking up
- Hacking
Elbow – Friction
Forearm – Stroking
- Efflurage
Brachioradialis – Picking up
- Hacking
Wrist – Kneading in interosseus space
- Friction
Hand – Thumb kneading between metacarpal bones
Thumb & Finger – Spiral kneading
IV. LOWER LIMB
1. Stroking }
2. Efflurage } To the whole limb
Thigh segment – Circular kneading
- Picking up of quadriceps muscle
- Hacking
Knee –Friction
Calf – Picking up
- Circular kneading
- Hacking
Foot – Friction to the ankle
Toes – Spiral kneading
THANK YOU

Massage

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MASSAGE

Friction Kneading Petrissage

1.Swelling/Edema 1. Skin lesion

EFFECTS ON THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

EFFECTS ON MUSCULAR SYSTEM

EFFECTS ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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