PARULINSTITUTEOF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

PARULUNIVERSITY

Database Management System

Introduction And Application Of DBMS, File
Processing System And Its Limitations
Computer Science & Engineering
Kamini Sharma(Assistant Prof. PIET-CSE)
Outline
• Database System Architecture
• Model of DBMS
• DBMS Architecture
• ANSI SPARC Model
• Data Abstraction in DBMS
DBMS Model
DBMS Model(cont…)
1) Relational Data Model:
● This type of model designs the data in the form of rows and
columns within a table.
● The relational data model is the widely used model which is
primarily used by commercial data processing applications.

2) Entity-Relationship Data Model:

● An ER model is the logical representation of data as objects and
relationships among them.
● These objects are known as entities, and relationship is an
association among these entities.
DBMS Model(cont…)
3) Object-based Data Model:
● An extension of the ER model with notions of functions,
encapsulation, and object identity, as well.
● This model supports a rich type system that includes structured
and collection types.
4) Semistructured Data Model:
● This type of data model is different from the other three data
models (explained above).
● The semistructured data model allows the data specifications at
places where the individual data items of the same type may
have different attributes sets.
● The Extensible Markup Language, also known as XML, is widely
used for representing the semistructured data.
DBMS Architecture
DBMS Architecture
Single Tier Architecture
• In this architecture, the database is
directly available to the user. It means
the user can directly sit on the DBMS
and uses it.
• Any changes done here will directly be
done on the database itself. It doesn't
provide a handy tool for end users.

• The 1-Tier architecture is used for

development of the local application,
where programmers can directly
communicate with the database for the
quick response.
DBMS Architecture
Two Tier Architecture
• The 2-Tier architecture is the same as the
basic client-server. In the two-tier
architecture, applications on the client end
can directly communicate with the database
on the server side. For this interaction, APIs
like ODBC, and JDBC are used.
• The user interfaces and application
programs are run on the client side.
• The server side is responsible to provide the
functionalities like query processing and
transaction management. To communicate
with the DBMS, the client-side application
establishes a connection with the server
DBMS Architecture
Three Tier Architecture
The 3-Tier architecture contains another layer
between the client and server. In this
architecture, the client can't directly
communicate with the server.

The application on the client end interacts with

an application server which further
communicates with the database system.

The end-user has no idea about the existence of

the database beyond the application server. The
database also has no idea about any other user
beyond the application. The 3-Tier architecture
is used in the case of the large web application.
Client Server Architecture
Example of Client Server Architecture
ANSI SPARC Model
User 1 User 2 User 3 View
How data are viewed Level
View 1 View 2 View 3
by each users?

Logical
What data are stored and Conceptual Level
What relationships exist? Level

How the data are actually Physical

stored on storage devices? Internal Level
Level

Database
• 3 Levels ANSI SPARC Model

🞂 Internal level (Physical level)

⮩ It describes how a data is stored on the storage device.
⮩ Deals with physical storage of data.
▪ Structure of records on disk - files, pages, blocks and indexes and
ordering of records
⮩ Internal view is described by the internal schema.
🞂 Conceptual level (Logical level)
⮩ What data are stored and what relationships exist among those data?
⮩ It hides low level complexities of physical storage.
⮩ For Example, STUDENT database may contain STUDENT and COURSE
tables which will be visible to users but users are unaware about their
storage.
⮩ Database administrator works at this level to determine what data to keep in
the database.
• 3 Levels ANSI SPARC Model

🞂 External level (View level)

⮩ It describes only part of the entire database that an end user concern or how
data are viewed by each user.
⮩ Different user needs different views of the database, so there can be many
views in a view level abstraction of the database. Used by end users and
application programmers.
⮩ End users need to access only part of the database rather than the entire
database.
• 3 Levels ANSI SPARC Model Example
We are storing student information in a student
table.

User just interact with system with the help of User 1 User 2 User 3
GUI.
Users are not aware of how and what the data is View 1 View 2 View 3
stored.

Records can be described as fields and attributes

Conceptual
along with their data types, their relationship
Level
among each other can be logically implemented.
Programmers generally work at this level.
Internal
Records can be described as blocks of storage Level
(bytes, gigabytes, terabytes etc.) in memory.
These details are often hidden from the
programmers. Database
Data Abstraction in DBMS
🞂 Database systems are made-up of complex data structures.
🞂 To ease the user interaction with database, the developers hide internal irrelevant
details from users.
🞂 This process of hiding irrelevant details from user is called data abstraction.
Thank You!!!
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