Circulatory Lesson 2

The Circulatory
System
The Heart, Blood Vessels, Blood Types

The Circulatory System
 The cardiovascular
system is transport
system of body
 It comprises blood, heart
and blood vessels.
 The system supplies
nutrients to and remove
waste products from
various tissue of body.
 The conveying media is
liquid in form of blood
which flows in close
tubular system.
FUNCTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Transport nutrients, hormones
Remove waste products
Gaseous exchange
Immunity
Blood vessels transport blood
Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
Carries nutrients and wastes
Heart pumps blood through blood vessels
COMPONENTS OF CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
BLOOD
HEART
BLOOD VESSELS
COMPONENTS OF CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
I. HEART
Heart is a four chambered,
hollow muscular organ
approximately the size of your
fist
Location:
Superior surface of diaphragm
Left of the midline
Anterior to the vertebral
column, posterior to the
sternum
Functions of the Heart
• Generating blood pressure
• Routing blood
– Heart separates pulmonary and systemic
circulations
• Ensuring one-way blood flow
– Heart valves ensure one-way flow
• Regulating blood supply
– Changes in contraction rate and force match
blood delivery to changing metabolic needs
HEART’S ANATOMY Pericardium
Double-layered sac covering
the heart
 Outer layer anchors heart in
chest
 Inner layer (epicardium)
attached to heart wall
 Lubricating fluid in
pericardial
space (between layers)
reduces friction
Heart Wall
3 layers:
 Epicardium: outer wall joined with pericardium
 Myocardium: the actual cardiac muscle that contracts
 Endocardium: lines heart chambers & vessels
Heart
Chambers
Four chambers:
 2 atria: top of
heart – receive
blood from veins
 2 ventricles:
bottom of heart –
pump blood
through arteries
Heart Valves
 Septum: divides left from
right heart
 Valves: keep blood

flowing in one direction
 Four valves:
 2 AV valves,
 2 semilunar valves
Blood Flow Through Heart
II. Blood Vessels
 Arteries: carry
blood away from the hear
 Veins: carry blood to

the heart
 Capillaries: connect
arteries to veins &
exchange gases with
tissues
Arteries
 Carry blood at high
pressure
 Very thick, stretchy
walls that expand in size

 Most carry oxygenated
blood (red)
 Damaged arteries spurt
in time to heart beat

Veins
 Carry blood at low
pressure
 Have valves to
prevent backflow of
blood against gravity
 Most carry de-
oxygenated blood
(purple)
 Damaged veins ooze
blood
 Vena Cava: dump all blood
from the body into the right
atria
 superior vena cava: receives
blood from upper body
 inferior vena cava: receives
blood from lower body
Capillaries
Connect arteries and veins

Walls are one cell thick

Allow exchange of gases

through thin walls
Drop off oxygen delivered from
heart by arteries
Pick up CO and send it to the
heart thru veins
III.Blood
Functions:
1.Transport gases, nutrients and waste products.
2.Transport processed molecules
3.Responsible for clot formation
4.Protects body against foreign substances
Blood composition
 55% Plasma (fluid matrix of water, salts, proteins, etc.)
 45% Cellular elements:
1. Red Blood Cells (RBCs): 5-6 million RBCs/ml of blood.
Contain hemoglobin which transport oxygen and CO2.
2. White Blood Cells (WBCs): 5,000-10,000 WBCs/ml of blood.

Play an
essential role in immunity and defense. Include:
a. Lymphocytes: T cells and B cells
b. Macrophages: (phagocytes)
c. Granulocytes: Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophil
3. Platelets: Cellular fragments, 250,000- 400,000/ml of blood.

Important in blood clotting.
Components of Plasma
Water Protein
90% of plasma is water: A.Albumin = Creates colloid
Solvent for carrying other osmotic pressure that draws
H20 from interstitial fluid into
substances
capillaries to maintain blood
Absorbs heat
volume & pressure
B.Globulins = Carry lipids
C.Fibrinogen Important clotting
factor. Converted into fibrin
during the clotting process.
Components of formed elements
A. Erythrocytes - Red Blood

Cells
– Contain hemoglobin
– Do not have a nucleus and
mitochondria
– live only about 120 days.
– biconcave shape
–Can not repair themselves.

B. Leukocytes – White Blood
cells
-formed in the bone marrow
-the bodies “defence”
-part of the immune system
-much larger than RBCs
-far fewer
-have a nucleus
C. Thrombocytes –
Platelets.
–These are cell fragment that

are formed in the bone
marrow from magakaryocytes.
–Clot Blood by sticking

together via protein fibers
called fibrin.
Disorders of the Circulatory System
• Anemia - lack of iron in the blood, low RBC count
• Leukemia - white blood cells proliferate wildly, causing

anemia
• Hemophilia - bleeder’s disease, due to lack of fibrinogen in

thrombocytes
• Heart Murmur - abnormal heart beat, caused by valve

problems
• Heart attack - blood vessels around the heart become blocked

with plaque, also called myocardial infarction
Coronary
Artery Disease
Atherosclerosis affects the arteries that supply the heart muscle
 Symptoms: short of breath after simple exertion, angina (chest pain)

Circulatory Lesson 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Circulatory Lesson 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Circulatory Lesson 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

The Circulatory

The Heart, Blood Vessels, Blood Types

 Valves: keep blood

 Veins: carry blood to

walls that expand in size

in time to heart beat

Connect arteries and veins

Allow exchange of gases

2. White Blood Cells (WBCs): 5,000-10,000 WBCs/ml of blood.

3. Platelets: Cellular fragments, 250,000- 400,000/ml of blood.

A. Erythrocytes - Red Blood

–Can not repair themselves.

–These are cell fragment that

–Clot Blood by sticking

• Leukemia - white blood cells proliferate wildly, causing

• Hemophilia - bleeder’s disease, due to lack of fibrinogen in

• Heart Murmur - abnormal heart beat, caused by valve

• Heart attack - blood vessels around the heart become blocked

Atherosclerosis affects the arteries that supply the heart muscle

 Symptoms: short of breath after simple exertion, angina (chest pain)

You might also like