Chapter

4:
FILIPINO CULTURAL
VALUES: THEIR
IMPLICATION TO
ETHICAL CONDUCTS
 Content Focus

Influence of Culture in Moral Influence of Culture on Filipino

Development 1 Values 4

Cultural Relativism in Ethics 2 What are Universal Values?

5

Filipino Culture and Values

3 SDGs: Outcomes of Universal
6
Values
 Learming
Outcome:
At the end of the chapter, Ethics students should be
able to:
• Explain how moral behavior is shaped by culture;
• discuss the cultural relativism in Ethics;
• describe the Influence of Filipino Character as
Foundation of Ethics;
• explain how culture affect or impacted Morality;
• identify the Universal Values; and of the UN
Charter serve as outcomes of Universal Values
 Influence of Culture in Moral
Many anthropologists posit the idea
Development
that culture has a dominant role in
shaping moral behavior. For
centuries, it was argued that culture
has been defined in so many ways.
But anthropologists, scientists,
thinkers, and experts could not
create and agree on one universal
A. Culture is always social and communal by which
definition of culture.
the relationship of the people towards one another
and their experience as a people are the culture’s
B. The culture defines the normative principles
and behaviors of the society. It defines which
particular principle and behavior that should be
kept that would serve the best interest of the
community.

C. Culture develops restrictions and sets

boundaries and limitations as they live and
relate with one another. These restrictions and
boundaries serve as protection among
themselves.
 E. The culture identifies the authorities or the governing
individuals or groups. They are the symbol of guidance and
control. In many cultures, men are always regarded as leaders to
oversee the order of the community and give guidance, which is
true in patriarchal societies.

F. Cultural Norms and Expectations

As regards determining the norms whether right or wrong, Culture
provides a framework for defining what is considered morally right
or wrong. Cultural norms establish expectations for behavior and
help individuals understand what is acceptable within their
community.

G. Values and Beliefs

 H. Religious and Philosophical Traditions
Religious and philosophical leaders often serve as moral
authorities in shaping the moral discourse within a
culture and providing guidance on ethical conduct.
Cultural relativism recognizes that moral judgments
should be made within the context of a specific culture.

I. Social Cohesion and Identity

Moral behavior is often linked to a sense of belonging
and group identity. Individuals may conform to cultural
moral standards to maintain social cohesion and
strengthen their connection to their cultural community.

J. Cultural Evolution and Change

Cultures evolve over time in response to changing
 Cultural Relativism in
Ethics
CULTURAL RELATIVISM CRITICIZES
ETHNOCENTRISM. CULTURE
CULTURAL RELATIVISM
-PHILOSOPHICAL AND ETHICAL STANCE
THAT ASSERTS THAT MORAL VALUES AND
ETHICAL STANDARDS ARE CONTEXT-
DEPENDENT AND VARY ACROSS
DIFFERENT CULTURES. CULTURAL RELATIVISM CHALLENGES THE
NOTION OF OBJECTIVE MORAL TRUTHS. IT
ARGUES THAT MORALITY IS SUBJECTIVE
AND CONTINGENT ON CULTURAL
PERSPECTIVES.
Strengths of Cultural
Relativism
Cultural promotes understanding and
Understanding tolerance

Cultural relativism helps to

Avoids
avoid bias in one own's cultural
Ethnocentrism
standard

Respects
Cultural relativism respects the
Cultural
autonomy of different cultures
Autonomy
Weaknesses of Cultural
Relativism
Critics argue that cultural relativism can
Lack of Universal
lead to the belief that there is no
Moral Ground
universal moral standard.

Inhibits Social Cultural relativism might hinder social

Progress progress by discouraging criticism of
harmful cultural practices.

Some argue that cultural relativism can

Cultural Imperialism be used to justify oppressive practices
Critique within a culture,
Weaknesses of Cultural
Relativism
Contradictions Cultural relativism sometimes
and Cultural oversimplifies the diversity
Inconsistencie within a culture and assumes a
s consensus that might not exist

Cultural relativism may

Undermines
undermine the idea of moral
Moral Progress
progress.
 Filipino
Culture and
Values
a. Characteristics of Filipino Culture

a.2. Filipinos take pride

a.1. Filipinos are very resilient a.3. Filipinos are very religious
in their families

a.6.
a.4. a.5.
Filipinos value traditions and
Filipinos are very respectful Filipinos help one another
culture
 Filipino Culture and
Values
a. Characteristics of Filipino Culture

a.7. Filipinos have the a.8.

longest Christmas Filipinos love art and a.9. Filipinos are hospitable
celebrations architecture
 a. Extreme family-centeredness
Excessive concern for family

Weaknesses of b. Extreme Personalism

the Filipino "Takes things personally,”

character as
c. Lack of Discipline
cited in the
Report are as A casual attitude toward time and space

follows: d. Passivity and lack

of Initiative
 e. Colonial mentality
lack of patriotism

Weaknesses f. Kanya-kanya syndrome,

talangka mentality
of the
g. Lack of Self-analysis
Filipino and self-reflection
character In the face of serious personal and social problems, there is
lack of analysis or reflection and instead satisfaction

as cited in
h. Emphasis on porma
the Report rather than substance

are as This lack of analysis and emphasis on form is reinforced by an

educational system that is more form than substance.
 A Moral Recovery Program: Building a People, Building
a Nation. In the same Report in 1988, senator Leticia
Shahani emphasized the strengths of the Filipino
character are:

Pakikipagkapw Handwork and

a-tao industry

Family- Faith and

orientation religiosity
Flexibility, Ability to
adaptability, survive
and creativity
 b. Filipino values are a set of cultural beliefs, principles, and traits that
are deeply ingrained in the Filipino culture
b.1. Hospitality
b.2. Family-oriented
(Pagkamapagkakatao) b.3. Respect for Elders (Utang na
(Pagpapahalaga sa Pamilya).
- Filipinos are known for Loob)
Family is considered the basic unit
their warm and
of society in the Philippines
welcoming nature

b.5. Hiya (Sense of

b.4. Pakikipagkapwa-tao Shame). b.6. Bahala na (Come b.7. Bayanihan
(Interpersonal Relations) -It encourages individuals What May) (Community Spirit)
to act in ways that
preserve their dignity and
the dignity of others.
b.9. Flexibility (Paggalang sa
b.10. Nationalism (Pagmamahal sa
b.8. Religiosity (Pagiging Maka- Palitan).
Bayan)
Diyos) Filipinos are known for their
adaptability and resilience.
 c. Social Values of the
Filipinos
High regard for Amor Propio (Self-Esteem). "loving
1 5 Utang na Loob
oneself)

Suki relationship
2 Smooth Interpersonal Relationship (SIR) 6

Personal Alliance system

3 7 Friendship

The Compadre system

4
Influence
of
Culture
Filipino values are deeply intertwined with the rich culture of the Philippines.
Cultural influences that shape Filipino values are diverse and stem from a
combination of historical, social, economic, and religious
factors.
These are the key aspects of how Filipino values are influenced by their culture:

1 Colonial History 4 Malay and Indigenous influences

2 Communal living 5 Extended Family System

3 Agrarian roots
6 Sense of Hiya and Pakikipagkapwa-tao

4 Religious influence
7 Globalization and Modernization
What are
Universal
Values?
Logical structures are
the Universal Values

What is Universal Values?

Set of core principles or beliefs that are shared by people across
different cultures, societies, and historical periods.

These values often serve as the foundation for moral and ethical
judgments, helping individuals differentiate between right and wrong,
good and bad.
Logical structures are
the Universal Values

The concept of Justice may be a universal value that

emphasizes the importance of fairness, impartiality, and the
equitable distribution of resources and opportunities.

Respect for life is a universal value that acknowledges the intrinsic value
of all living beings, regardless of their species, race, or background.
Logical structures are the
Universal Values
Dr. Kent M. Keith (2003) summed up and therefore came up with a list of fundamental,
or universal moral principles that can be found throughout the world. These are
grouped into negative and positive statements as follows:

DO NO HARM.
Do not do to others what you would not like them to do to you. Do not lie.
Do not steal. Do not cheat. Do not falsely accuse others. Do not commit
adultery. Do not commit incest. Do not physically or verbally abuse others.
Do not murder. Do not destroy the natural environment upon which all life
depends.
Logical structures are the
Universal Values
Dr. Kent M. Keith (2003) summed up and therefore came up with a list of fundamental,
or universal moral principles that can be found throughout the world. These are
grouped into negative and positive statements as follows:

DO GOOD.
Do to others what you would like them to do to you. Be honest and fair. Be
generous. Be faithful to our family and friends. Take care of your children
when they are young. Take care of your parents when they re old. Take care
of those who cannot take care of themselves. Be kind to strangers. Respect
all life. Protect the natural environment upon which all life depends.
 SDGs:
Outcome
s of
Universal
Values
 Interconnected environmental, social and economic aspects of
sustainable development by putting sustainability at their center.
In 2015, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) created
the SDGs as part of the post-2015 development Agenda.
a) SDG 1: No poverty
- End poverty in all its forms everywhere.

b) SDG 2: Zero hunger

- End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and
promote sustainable agriculture

c) SDG 3: Good health and well-being

- Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

d) SDG 4: Quality Education

- Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life-
long learning opportunities for all
e) SDG 5: Gender equality
- Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girl

f) SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation

- Ensure availability and sustainability management of water and
sanitation for all.

g) SDG 7: Affordable and clean energy

- Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy
for all

h) SDG 8: Decent work and economic growth

- Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth full
and productive employment and decent work for all .
i) SDG 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure
- Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster
innovation

j) SDG 10: Reduced inequalities

- Reduce inequality within and among countries

k) SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities

- Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable
l) SDG 12: Responsible consumption and production
- Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

m) SDG 13: Climate action

- Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts (in line with
the United Nations Frameworks Convention on Climate Change)

n) SDG 14: Life below water

- Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, an marine resources for
sustainable development
o) SDG 15: Life on land
- Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial eco-systems,
sustainably manage forests, combat desertification and halt and reverse
land degradation and half biodiversity loss

p) SDG 16: Peace, justice, and strong institutions

- Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development,
provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and
inclusive institutions at all levels

q) SDG 17: Partnerships for the goals

- Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global
partnership for sustainable development
 INTELLIGE
HAPPINESS NCE NATURE

Basic
Universal EQUALITY
PEACE
Human
LOVE Values: HEALTH

FREEDOM
HUMAN JUSTICE
RESPECT
SAFETY