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Solids,
Perimeter, Area, Surface Area and Volume GRACE D. PERMALINO SLSU CTE Three-Dimensional Shapes • Shapes that can be measured in 3 directions are called three-dimensional shapes. • These shapes are also called solids. • Length, width, and height (or depth or thickness) are the three measurements of three-dimensional shapes. • These are the part of three-dimensional geometry. They are different from 2D 2 shapes because they have thickness. Several examples can be found in everyday life. Some of them are:
3 Faces, Edges, and Vertices
Faces - the flat
surfaces of the 3D shapes Edge - the line segment where two faces meet 4 Vertex - a point Cube A cube is a solid or three-dimensional shape which has 6 square faces. Properties: All edges are equal 8 vertices 12 edges 6 faces 5 Cuboid A cuboid is also called a rectangular prism, where the faces of the cuboid are a rectangle in shape. All the angles measure 90 degrees. Properties: 8 vertices 12 edges 6 faces 6 Prism A prism is a 3D shape which consists of two equal ends, flat surfaces or faces, and also has identical cross-section across its length. Since the cross-section looks like a triangle, the prism is generally called a triangular prism. The prism does not have any curve. Properties: 6 vertices 9 edges 7
5 faces – 2 triangles and 3
Pyramid A pyramid a solid shape, whose outer faces are triangular and meet to a single point on the top. The pyramid base can be of any shape such as triangular, square, quadrilateral or in the shape of any polygon. The most commonly used type of a pyramid is the square pyramid. Properties: (square pyramid) 5 vertices 8 edges 5 faces 8 Cylinder A cylinder is defined as a three-dimensional geometrical figure which has two circular bases connected by a curved surface. Properties: •No vertex •2 edges •2 flat faces – circles •1 curved face 9 Cone A cone is a three-dimensional object or solid, which has a circular base and has a single vertex. The cone is a geometrical figure that decreases smoothly from the circular flat base to the top point called the apex. Properties: •1 vertex •1 edge 10 Sphere A sphere is a three-dimensional solid figure which is perfectly round in shapes and every point on its surface is equidistant from the point is called the center. The fixed distance from the center of the sphere is called a radius of the sphere. Properties: •No vertex •No edges 11 Perimeter The distance around a two- dimensional shape.
Circumference The distance once around the circle.
Units
12 Perimeter = 4a Example a = 5cm Perimeter = 4(5cm)=20cm
16 17 GRACE D. PERMALINO SLSU - CTE Three Dimensional Figures and their Properties
GRACE D. PERMALINO SLSU CTE Warm Up Classify each polygon.
1. a polygon with three congruent sides
2. a polygon with six congruent sides and six
congruent angles 3. a polygon with four sides and with opposite sides parallel and congruent Objectives
Classify three-dimensional figures
according to their properties. Use nets and cross sections to analyze three-dimensional figures. Three-dimensional figures, or solids, can be made up of flat or curved surfaces. Each flat surface is called a face. An edge is the segment that is the intersection of two faces. A vertex is the point that is the intersection of three or more faces. A cube is a prism with six square faces. Other prisms and pyramids are named for the shape of their bases. Example 1A: Classifying Three-Dimensional Figures
Classify the figure. Name the vertices, edges, and
bases. cube vertices: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H edges:
bases: ABCD, EFGH, ABFE,
DCGH, ADHE, BCGF Example 1B: Classifying Three-Dimensional Figures
Classify the figure. Name the vertices, edges, and
bases.
pentagonal pyramid vertices: A, B, C, D, E, F
edges:
base: ABCDE Check It Out! Example 1a
Classify the figure. Name the vertices, edges, and bases.
cone
vertex: N
edges: none
base: •M A net is a diagram of the surfaces of a three-dimensional figure that can be folded to form the three- dimensional figure. To identify a three-dimensional figure from a net, look at the number of faces and the shape of each face. Example 2A: Identifying a Three-Dimensional Figure From a Net
Describe the three-dimensional figure that can be made
from the given net.
The net has six congruent
square faces. So the net forms a cube. Example 2B: Identifying a Three-Dimensional Figure From a Net
Describe the three-dimensional figure that can be made
from the given net.
The net has one circular face
and one semicircular face. These are the base and sloping face of a cone. So the net forms a cone. Check It Out! Example 2b
Describe the three-dimensional figure that can be made
from the given net.
The net has two circular faces
and one rectangular face. These are the bases and curved surface of a cylinder. So the net forms a cylinder. A cross section is the intersection of a three-dimensional figure and a plane. Example 3A: Describing Cross Sections of Three-Dimensional Figures
Describe the cross section.
The cross section is a point.
Example 3B: Describing Cross Sections of Three-Dimensional Figures
Describe the cross section.
The cross section is a pentagon.
Check It Out! Example 3a
Describe the cross section.
The cross section is a hexagon.
Check It Out! Example 3a
Describe the cross section.
The cross section is a hexagon.
Representation s of Three Dimensional Figures There are many ways to represent a three – dimensional object. An orthographic drawing shows six different views of an object: top, bottom, front, back, left side, and right side.
Taha Sochi - Solutions of Exercises of Introduction To Differential Geometry of Space Curves and Surfaces (2019, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform)
Taha Sochi - Solutions of Exercises of Introduction To Differential Geometry of Space Curves and Surfaces (2019, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform)
