UNIT 6

VISUALISING SOLID
SHAPES
(A) Main

Concepts

and

Results

3D shapes/objects are those which do not lie completely in a

plane.
3D objects have different views from different positions.
A solid is a polyhedron if it is made up of only polygonal faces, the
faces meet at edges which are line segments and the edges meet at
a point called vertex.
Eulers formula for any polyhedron is,
F+VE=2
Where F stands for number of faces, V for number of vertices and
E for number of edges.
Types of polyhedrons:
(a) Convex polyhedron
A convex polyhedron is one in which all faces make it convex.
e.g.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

MATHEMATICS
(1) and (2) are convex polyhedrons whereas
(3) and (4) are non convex polyhedron.
(b) Regular polyhedra or platonic solids:
A polyhedron is regular if its faces are congruent regular
polygons and the same number of faces meet at each vertex.
For example, a cube is a platonic solid because all six of its
faces are congruent squares. There are five such solids
tetrahedron, cube, octahedron, dodecahedron and icosahedron.
e.g.

A prism is a polyhedron whose bottom and top faces (known as

bases) are congruent polygons and faces known as lateral faces
are parallelograms (when the side faces are rectangles, the shape
is known as right prism).
A pyramid is a polyhedron whose base is a polygon and lateral
faces are triangles.
A map depicts the location of a particular object/place in relation
to other objects/places.

Try This
The front, top and side of a figure are shown. Use centimetre cubes to
build the figure. Then sketch the figure.
1.

2.

Front
Top
Side
Front
Top
Side
3. The views below represent a three-dimensional figure that cannot be
built from cubes. Determine which three-dimensional figures match
the views.
A

Front

172

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

Top

Side

UNIT-6
Scale is the relationship between the drawings/models
dimensions to the actual objects dimensions.
In a map, symbols are used to depict the different objects and places.
Maps involve a scale which is fixed for a particular map.

Think

and

Discuss

1.

Explain how you would find the surface area of an open-top box that is
shaped like a rectangular prism.

2.

Describe the shapes in a net used to cover a cylinder.

(B) Solved

Examples

In examples 1 and 2, write the correct answer from the given four
options.
Example 1 : A prism is a polyhedron whose lateral faces are

Solution

(a) Circles

(b) Triangles

(c) Parallelograms

(d) Rhombuses or Rhombi

: Correct answer is (c).

Example 2 : A pyramid is a polyhedron whose lateral faces are

Solution

(a) Rectangles

(b) Triangles

(c) Parallelograms

(d) Rhombuses or Rhombi

: Correct answer is (b).

In examples 3 and 4, fill in the blanks to make the statements true

Example 3 : In a regular polyhedron ______ number
of faces meet at each vertex.
Solution

: same.

Example 4 : A pentagonal prism has ______ edges.

Solution

: 15.

In examples 5 and 6, state whether the statements are

true or false.
Example 5 : A sphere is a polyhedron.
Solution

: False.
VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

173

MATHEMATICS
Example 6 : In a prism the lateral faces need not be congruent
Solution

: True.

Example 7 : Draw the top, front and side views of the given solid.

Solution

Front view

Top view

Side view

Activity
Use a compass and straight edge to create a larger version of each net
on a cardboard. Fold each net into a polyhedron.
REGULAR POLYHEDRONS
NAME

174

FACES

Tetrahedron

4 triangles

Octahedron

8 triangles

Icosahedron

20 triangles

Cube

6 squares

Dodecahedron

12 pentagons

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

EXAMPLE

NET

UNIT-6
Example 8 : Use isometric dot paper to sketch a rectangular prism
with length 4 units, height 2 units and width 3 units.
Solution

: Steps:
(1) Draw a parallelogram
with sides 4 units and
3 units.

Width
Length

This is top of the prism

(Fig 1).

Fig.1

(2) Start at one vertex.

Draw a line passing Height
through two dots.
Repeat for other three
vertices. Draw the
hidden
edges as
dashed line (Fig 2).

Fig. 2

(3) Connect the ends of

the lines to complete
the prism (Fig 3).

Fig. 3

Try This
1. Complete the table for
the number of vertices
V, edges E and faces F
for
each
of
the
polyhedrons you made.
2. Make a Conjecture
What do you think is
true
about
the
relationship between
the number of vertices,
edges and faces of a
polyhedron?

POLYHEDRON

V-E+F

Tetrahedron
Octahedron
Icosahedron
Cube
Dodecahedron

VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

175

MATHEMATICS
Example 9 : Identify the shape whose net is given below.

Solution

Use

Nets

: This shape is entirely made of equilateral triangles. When

folded, it results in a regular octahedron. Note that since
these are all equilateral and congruent faces, it is a
regular polyhedron.

to

Create

Polyhyedrons

A polyhedron is formed by four or more polygons that intersect only at their

edges. The faces of a regular polyhedron are all congruent regular polygons
and the same number of faces intersect at each vertex, Regular polyhedrons
are also called Platonic solid. There are exactly five regular polyhedrons.

Example 10 : The solid given below is a rectangular prism or cuboid.

Make all the diagonals of this shape.

Solution

176

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

: There are only four diagonals as shown below.

UNIT-6
Note that in a 3D shape, diagonals connect two vertices
that do not lie on the same face.
E.g. the line segment from A to H in figure below is not
a diagonal for the solid. Diagonals must pass through
the inside of the shape. However, AH is diagonal of face
ADHE.

Example 11: Count the number of cubes in the given shapes.

Solution

: (i) 8 cubes

(ii) 6 cubes

Example 12 : Name the following polyhedrons and verify the Eulers

formula for each of them.

(a)
Solution

(b)

: S. No Polyhedron

(c)

F+V

F + V E

(a)

Tetrahedron

(b)
(c)

Cube
Pentagonal
prism

6
7

8
10

14
17

12
15

2
2

Volume, the space inside a three-dimensional object, is measured in cubic

unit. If the blocks you build are each 1 cubic unit, then the volume of a
block structure is equal to the number of blocks in the structure. For example,
a structure made from eight blocks has a volume of 8 cubic units. If the
blocks have an edge length of 1 cm, the structures volume is 8 cm3.

VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

177

MATHEMATICS
Example 13 : A polyhedron has 7 faces and 10 vertices. How many
edges does the polyhedron have?
Solution

: For any polyhedron,

F+VE=2
Here, F = 7, V = 10, E = ?
Using above formula,
7 + 10 E = 2
17 E = 2
17 2 = E
= 15

Example 14 : Find the number of vertices in a polyhedron which has

30 edges and 12 faces.
Solution

: For any polyhedron,

F+VE=2
Here, F = 12, V = ?, E = 30
Using above formula,
12 + V 30 = 2
V 18 = 2
V = 2 + 18
V = 20

Example 15 : The distance between City A and City B on a map is

given as 6 cm. If the scale represents 1 cm = 200 km,
then find the actual distance between City A and City B.
Solution

Think

and

: Actual distance represented by 1cm = 200 km

Discuss

What is the surface area of a single block in square units?

If the edge lengths of a block are 2 cm, what is the blocks surface area?
What is the volume of the structure at the right in cubic units?
What is the surface area of the structure above in square units?
(Remember: Count only the squares on the outside of the structure.)

178

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-6
Actual distance represented by 6 cm = 6 200 km
= 1200 km
So, actual distance between City A and City B is
1200 km.
Example 16 : Height of a building is 9 m and this building is represented
by 9 cm on a map. What is the scale used for the map?
Solution

Size drawn
: Scale of map = Actual size

9 cm
(because 9 m = 900 cm)
900 cm
1
=
100
Thus, scale is 1:100.
=

Example 17 : The scale on a map is 1 mm : 4 m. Find the distance on

the map for an actual distance of 52 m.
Solution

: Distance on map for an actual distance of 4 m = 1 mm

1
Distance on map for actual distance of 52 m = 52
4
= 13 mm
Thus, distance on map for actual distance of 52 m is
13 mm.

All prisms have two identical, parallel faces. These two faces are always
polygons. A prisms other faces are always parallelograms.
A prism is sometimes referred to by the shape of the two identical faces on
its ends. For example, a triangular prism has triangular faces on its ends,
and a rectangular prism has rectangular faces on its ends.

Triangular Prism

Rectangular Prism

Example 18 : Application of problem

solving strategy
Determine the number of
edges, vertices and in the
following figure:
VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

179

MATHEMATICS
Solution

: Understand and Explore the problem

What information is given in the question?
A cube with one of its corner cut.
What are you trying to find?
The no. of edges, vertices and faces.
Is there any information that is not needed?
The measures of edges are not needed.
Plan a strategy
Think of the definitions of an edge, vertex and faces
and try to co-relate them to the figure given above.
Solve
The polygonal regions are called faces, hence there are
7 faces.
The line segment formed by the intersection of two faces
is called edges, hence there are 15 edges.
Edges meet at vertices which are points, hence there
are 10 vertices.
Revise
The above answer is verified using Eulers Formula.
F+V=E+2
For the above problem, F = 7, V = 10, E = 15
F + V = 7 + 10 = 17
E + 2 = 15 + 2 = 17
Hence F + V = E + 2 is verified.

These figures are prisms.

These figures are not prisms.

180

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-6
(C) E x e r c i s e
In each of the questions 1 to 21, out of four options only one is correct.
Write the correct answer.
1. Which amongst the following is not a polyhedron?

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

2. Which of the following will not form a polyhedron?

(a) 3 triangles

(b) 2 triangles and 3 parallelogram

(c) 8 triangles

(d) 1 pentagon and 5 triangles

3. Which of the following is a regular polyhedron?

(a) Cuboid

(b) Triangular prism

(c) Cube

(d) Square prism

4. Which of the following is a two Dimensional figure?

(a) Rectangle

(b) Rectangular Prism

(c) Square Pyramid

(d) Square Prism

5. Which of the following can be the base of a pyramid?

(a) Line segment

(b) Circle

(c) Octagon

(d) Oval

6. Which of the following 3D shapes does not have a vertex?

(a) Pyramid

(b)

Prism

(c) Cone

(d) Sphere

7. Solid having only line segments as its edges is a

(a) Polyhedron

Think

and

(b) Cone

(c) Cylinder

(d) Polygon

Discuss

What do all the prisms have in common?

How are the non-prisms different from the prisms?

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181

MATHEMATICS
8. In a solid if F = V = 5, then the number of edges in this shape is
(a) 6

(b)

(c) 8

(d) 2

9. Which of the following is the top view of the given shape?

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

10. The net shown below can be folded into the shape of a cube. The
face marked with the letter L is opposite to the face marked with
which letter?

(a) M

(b)

(c) Q

(d) O

A net is a flat figure that can be folded to form a closed, three-dimensional

object. Such an object is called a solid.

182

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-6
11. Which of the nets given below will generate a cone?

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

12. Which of the following is not a prism?

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

13. We have 4 congruent equilateral triangles. What do we need more to

make a pyramid?
(a) An equilateral triangle.
(b) A square with same side length as of triangle.
(c) 2 equilateral triangles with side length same as triangle.
(d) 2 squares with side length same as triangle.

Share

and

Summarise

1. Explain how to find the surface area of a solid

from the net for that solid.
2. Here is a net for a rectangular solid. Take
whatever measurements you think are
necessary to find the solids volume and
surface area. Explain what measurements you
took and what you did with them.
The surface area of a three-dimensional object is the space covering the
objects surface. If you could pick up the object and flatten it so you could
see all sides at once, the area of the flat figure would be the surface area.
(Dont forget to count the bottom surface!) Surface area is also measured
in square units.

VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

183

MATHEMATICS
14. Side of a square garden is 30 m. If the scale used to draw its picture
is 1cm: 5m, the perimeter of the square in the picture is
(a) 20 cm

(b)

24 cm

(c) 28 cm

(d) 30 cm

15. Which of the following shapes has a vertex.

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
16. In the given map, the distance between the places is shown using
the scale 1 cm : 0.5 km. Then the actual distance (in km) between
school and the book shop is
General
store

Police
Station

4 cm

2 cm
School
2.2 cm
5 cm

Book
shop

(a) 1.25

Vocabulary

(b)

2.5

2 cm
Post
Office

(c) 2

(d) 1.1

Connections

To become familiar with some of the vocabulary terms in the chapter,

consider the following.
1. What does the term area total tell you about the meaning of surface
area?
2. The word edge comes from the Latin word acer, meaning sharp. How
does the Latin root help you define an edge of a three-dimensional
figure?
3. The word vertex can mean peak or highest point. What part of a cone
or pyramid is the vertex?
4. The word prism comes from the Greek word priein, meaning to saw.
How might you describe a prism in terms of something sawn or cut
off?

184

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-6
17. Which of the following cannot be true for a polyhedron?
(a) V = 4, F = 4, E = 6

(b) V = 6, F = 8, E = 12

(c) V = 20, F = 12, E = 30

(d) V = 4, F = 6, E = 6

18. In a blueprint of a room, an architect has shown the height of the

room as 33 cm. If the actual height of the room is 330 cm, then the
scale used by her is
(a) 1:11

(b)

1:10

(c) 1:100

(d) 1:3

19. The following is the map of a town. Based on it answer question 19-21.

The number of hospitals in the town is

(a) 1

(b)

(c) 3

(d) 4

There are two rectangular bases.

There are four rectangular faces.
The figure is a rectangular prism.
There is one rectangular base.
There are four triangular faces.
The figure is a rectangular pyramid.
There are two triangular bases.
There are three rectangular faces.
The figure is a triangular prism.
There is one hexagonal base.
There are six triangular faces.
The figure is a hexagonal pyramid.

VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

185

MATHEMATICS
20. The ratio of the number of general stores and that of the ground is
(a) 1 : 2

(b)

2:1

(c) 2 : 3

(d) 3 : 2

21. According to the map, the number of schools in the town is

(a) 4

(b)

(c) 5

(d) 2

In questions 22 to 41, fill in the blanks to make the statements true.

22. Square prism is also called a _______.
23. Rectangular prism is also called a ________.

24. In the figure,

the number of faces meeting at B is ________.

25. A pyramid on an n sided polygon has ______ faces.

26. If a solid shape has 12 faces and 20 vertices, then the number of
edges in this solid is ______.

27. The given net

can be folded to make a ______.

28. A solid figure with only 1 vertex is a ______.

29. Total number of faces in a pyramid which has eight edges is______.
30. The net of a rectangular prism has ______ rectangles.
(Hint: Every square is a rectangle but every rectangle is not a square.)
Three-dimensional figures have three dimensions: length, width and
height. A flat surface of a three-dimensional figure is a face. An edge is
where two faces meet.
A polyhedron is a three-dimensional figure whose faces are all polygons.
A vertex of a polyhedron is a point where three or more edges meet. The
face that is used to name a polyhedron is called a base.

186

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-6
31. In a three-dimensional shape, diagonal is a line segment that joins
two vertices that do not lie on the ______ face.
32. If 4 km on a map is represented by 1 cm, then 16 km is represented
by ______ cm.
33. If actual distance between two places A and B is 110 km and it is
represented on a map by 25 mm. Then the scale used is ______.
34. A pentagonal prism has ______ faces.
35. If a pyramid has a hexagonal base, then the number of vertices is
______.

36.

is the _______ view of

37. The number of cubes in

are ______.

38. If the sum of number of vertices and faces in a polyhedron is 14,

then the number of edges in that shape is ______.
39. Total number of regular polyhedra is ______.
A prism has two bases, and a pyramid has one base.
Prisms

Pyramids

A Prism is a polyhedron that has

two parallel, congruent bases. The
bases can be any polygon. The
other faces are parallelograms.

A pyramid is a polyhedron that

has one base. The base can be
any polygon. The other faces are
triangles.

VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

187

MATHEMATICS
40. A regular polyhedron is a solid made up of ______ faces.
41. For each of the following solids, identify the front, side and top views
and write it in the space provided.
(a)

(b)

The faces are all polygons, so the figure

is a polyhedron.
There is one triangular base.
The figure is a triangular pyramid.
The faces are not all polygons, so the figure
is not a polyhedron.
There are two circular bases.
The figure is a cylinder.
The faces are not all polygons, so the figure
is not a polyhedron.
There is one circular base.
The figure is a cone.

188

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-6
(c)

(d)

In each of the questions 42 to 61, state whether the following

statements are true (T) or false (F).
42. The other name of cuboid is tetrahedron.
43. A polyhedron can have 3 faces.
44. A polyhedron with least number of faces is known as a triangular
pyramid.
45. Regular octahedron has 8 congruent faces which are isosceles
triangles.

Think

and

Discuss

1. Explain how to identify a prism or a pyramid.

2. Compare and contrast cylinders and prisms. How are they alike? How
are they different?
3. Compare and contrast pyramids and cones. How are they alike? How
are they different?

VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

189

MATHEMATICS
46. Pentagonal prism has 5 pentagons.
47. Every cylinder has 2 opposite faces as congruent circles, so it is also
a prism.
48. Eulers formula is true for all three-dimensional shapes.
49. A polyhedron can have 10 faces, 20 edges and 15 vertices.
50. The top view of

is

51. The number of edges in a parallelogram is 4.

52. Every solid shape has a unique net.
53. Pyramids do not have a diagonal.
54. The given shape is a cylinder.

55. A cuboid has atleast 4 diagonals.

56. All cubes are prisms.
Cylinders and cones are not polyhedrons because they are not made of
faces that are all polygons.
Cylinders

Cones

A cylinder has two parallel, A cone has one base that is a circle
congruent bases that are circles. and a surface that comes to a point
called the vertex.

190

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-6
57. A cylinder is a 3-D shape having two circular faces of different radii.
58. On the basis of the given figure, the length of a rectangle in the net
of a cylinder is same as circumference of circles in its net.

59. If a length of 100 m is represented on a map by 1 cm, then the

actual distance corresponding to 2 cm is 200 m.
60. The model of a ship shown is of height 3.5 cm. The actual height of
the ship is 210 cm if the scale chosen is 1: 60.

61. The actual width of a store room is 280 cm. If the scale chosen to
make its drawing is 1:7, then the width of the room in the drawing
will be 40 cm.

Try This
Find the volume of each prism.
1.

2.

3.

VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

191

MATHEMATICS
62. Complete the table given below:
S.

Solid

No
a.

Cuboid

b.

Triangular

Shape of

Number

Number

Number

Solid

of faces F

of Vertices V

of edges E

F+V

Pyramid
c.

Square
Pyramid

d.

Rectangular
Pyramid

e.

Pentagonal
Pyramid

f.

Hexagonal
Pyramid

g.

Triangular
Prism

h.

Square
Prism

i.

Cube

j.

Pentagonal
Prism

k.

Octagonal
Prism

l.

Heptagonal
Prism

63. How many faces does each of the following solids, have?

192

(a) Tetrahedron

(b) Hexahedron

(c) Octagonal Pyramid

(d) Octahedron

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

E+2

UNIT-6
64. Draw a prism with its base as regular hexagon with one of its face
facing you. Now draw the top view, front view and side view of this
solid.
65. How many vertices does each of the following solids have?
(a) Cone

(b) Cylinder

(c) Sphere

(d) Octagonal Pyramid

(e) Tetrahedron

(f)

Hexagonal Prism

66. How many edges does each of following solids have?

(a) Cone

(b) Cylinder

(c) Sphere

(d) Octagonal Pyramid

(e) Hexagonal Prism

(f)

Explore

the

volume

of

Prisms

Kaleidoscope

and

Cylinders

The volume of a three-dimensional figure is the number of cubes it can

hold. One cube represents one cubic unit of volume.
Activity
1. Use centimetre cubes to build the rectangular prism
shown. What are the length, width and height of the
prism? How many cubes does the prism hold?
2. You can find out how many cubes the prism holds
without counting every cube. First look at the prism
from above. How can you find the number of cubes in
the top layer without counting every cube?

Top

3. Now look at the prism from the side. How many layers
does the prism have? How can you use this to find the
total number of cubes in the prism?
Side

Think

and

Discuss

1. Describe a shortcut for finding the number of cubes in a rectangular

prism.
2. Suppose you know the area of the base of a prism and the height of the
prism. How can you find the prisms volume?
3. Let the area of the base of a prism be B and the height of the prism be
h. Write a formula for the prisms volume V.

VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

193

MATHEMATICS
67. Look at the shapes given below and state which of these are polyhedra
using Eulers formula.

(a)

(b)

(e)

(f)

(j)

(c)

(g)

(k)

(d)

(h)

(l)

(m)

Try This
Find the volume of each cylinder.
Use 3.14 for and round to the nearest tenth.
1.

194

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

2.

(i)

3.

UNIT-6

Activity
1. Use a similar process to that in earlier Activity to develop
the formula for the volume of a cylinder. You will need an
empty can or other cylindrical pot. Remove one of the bases.
2. Arrange centimetre cubes in a single layer at the bottom of
the cylinder. Fit as many cubes into the layer as possible.
How many cubes are in this layer?
3. To find how many layers of cubes would fit in the cylinder,
make a stack of cubes along the inside of the cylinder.
How many layers would fit in the cylinder?
4. How can you use what you know to find the approximate
number of cubes that would fit in the cylinder?

68. Count the number of cubes in the given shapes.

(a)

(e)

(b)

(f)

(i)

(c)

(g)

(j)

(d)

(h)

(k)

(l)
VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

195

MATHEMATICS
Think

and

Discuss

1. Suppose you know the area of the base of a cylinder and the height of
the cylinder. How can you find the cylinders volume?
2. Let the area of the base of a cylinder be B and the height of the cylinder
be h. Write a formula for the cylinders volume V.
3. The base of a cylinder is a circle with radius r. How can you find the
area of the base? How can you use this in your formula for the volume
of a cylinder?

69. Draw the front, side and top view of the given shapes.

(a)

(g)

(b)

(c)

(h)

(d)

(i)

(e)

(f)

(j)

Try This
1. Use a net to construct a rectangular prism that is 3 cm by 6 cm by 9 cm.
2. Use a net to construct a cylinder with a height of 3 cm and a radius of
1.5 cm (Hint: The length of the rectangle in the net must match the
circumference of the circles, so the length should be 2 r = 2 (1.5)
9.42 cm.)

196

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-6
Use Nets to Build Prisms and Cylinders
A net is a pattern of two-dimensions that can be folded to make a threedimensional figure. You can use 1 cm graph paper to help you make nets.
Activity
1. Use a net to construct
rectangular prism.

a. Draw the net at right on a piece

of graph paper. Each rectangle is
10 squares by 4 squares. The two
squares are 4 small squares on
each side.
b. Cut out the net. Fold the net along the edges
of each rectangle to make a rectangular prism.
Tape the edges to hold them in place.
2. Use a net to construct a cylinder.
a. Draw the net at right on a piece of graph
paper. The rectangle is 25 squares by 8
squares. Use a compass to make the circles.
Each circle has a radius of 4 squares.
b. Cut out the net. Fold the net as shown to
make a cylinder. Tape the edges to hold them
in place.

70. Using Eulers formula, find the value of unknown x, y, z, p, q, r, in

the following table.
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

Faces

Vertices

10

12

11

Edges

18

16

12

12

Think

and

Discuss

1. What are the dimensions, in inches, of the rectangular prism that you
built?
2. What is the height, in cm, of the cylinder that you built? What is the
cylinders radius?

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MATHEMATICS
71. Can a polyhedron have V = F = 9 and E = 16 ? If yes, draw its figure.
72. Check whether a polyhedron can have V = 12, E = 6 and F = 8.
73. A polyhedron has 60 edges and 40 vertices. Find the number of its
faces.
74. Find the number of faces in the given shapes:

75. A polyhedron has 20 faces and 12 vertices. Find the edges of the
polyhedron.
76. A solid has forty faces and, sixty edges. Find the number of vertices
of the solid.
77. Draw the net of a regular hexahedron with side 3 cm. (Hint: Regular
hexahedron - cube)
78. Draw the net of a regular tetrahedron with side 6 cm.
79. Draw the net of the following cuboid:

Think

and

Discuss

1. Tell whether a figures surface area has increased or decreased if each

dimension of the figure is changed by a factor of

1
.
3

2. Explain how the surface area of a figure is changed if each dimension

is multiplied by a factor of 3.
3. Explain how the volume of a figure is changed if each dimension is
multiplied by a factor of 2.

198

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-6
80. Match the following:
Figure

Name

(a)

(a) Hexahedron

(b)

(b) Hexagonal Prism

(c)

(c) Square Pyramid

(d)

(d) Cone

81. Complete the table given below by putting tick mark across the
respective property found in the solids mentioned.
Solids
Properties

Cone

Cylinder Prism Pyramid

1. The figure is a Polyhedron.

2. The figure has diagonals.
3. The shape has curved edges
4. The base of figure is a polygon.
5. The bases are congruent
6. The base of figure is a polygon
and other faces meet at a
single point.
7. The base of figure is a curved
edge and other faces meet at
a single point.
82. Draw the net of the following shape.

VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

199

MATHEMATICS
83. Draw the net of the following solid.

(Hint: Pentagons are not congruent.)

84. Find the number of cubes in the base layer of the following figure.

85. In the above figure, if only the shaded cubes are visible from the top,
draw the base layer.
86. How many faces, edges and vertices does a pyramid have with n
sided polygon as its base?
87. Draw a figure that represents your mathematics textbook. What is
the name of this figure? Is it a prism?
88. In the given figures, identify the different shapes involved.

89. What figure is formed if only the height of a cube is increased or

decreased?
90. Use isometric dot paper to draw each figure.
(a) A tetrahedron.
(b) A rectangular prism with length 4 units, width 2 units and height
2 units.
200

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-6
91. Identify the nets given below and mention the name of the
corresponding solid in the space provided.
Nets

Name of Solid

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

201

MATHEMATICS
92. Draw a map of your school playground. Mark all necessary places
like 2 library, Playground, Medical Room, Classrooms, Assembly
area, etc.
93. Refer to the given map to answer the following questions.

(a) What is the built-up area of Govt. Model School I ?

(b) Name the schools shown in the picture.
(c) Which park is nearest to the dispensary?
(d) To which block does the main market belong?
(e) How many parks have been represented in the map?
94. Look at the map given below.
Answer the following questions.
(a) Which two hospitals are opposite to each other?
(b) A person residing at Niti Bagh has to go to Chirag Delhi after
dropping her daughter at Asiad Tower. Mention the important
landmarks he will pass alongwith the roads taken.

202

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-6
(c) Name of which road is similar to the name of some month.
B Town, India
Sector 26
2

6
Police
Station
8

Fire
Station
9

15

Sector 27

m
a
r
k
e
t

Flower Road

20

17

18

14

19

13
Stadium
16

12

1
2

Sneha Marg

11

3
4

Sector 20

16

15

14

10

11

12

School
13

6
8

College 7

10

Mall Road

4
5

Sector 19

6
rg
Ma
el
Kh

g
ar
lM
e
Kh

Sports
Complex

Nicolson Road

Bank 1 (A)

95. Look at the map given below.

Houses
B Town, India
Sector 26
2

Flower Road

20

6
Police
Station
8

Fire
Station
9

15

Sector 27

m
a
r
k
e
t

17

18

14

19

13
Stadium
16

12

1
2

Sneha Marg

4
Sector 20

16

15

14

10

11

12

School
13

6
8

College 7

10

Mall Road

4
5

Sector 19

Sports
Complex

rg
Ma
el
Kh

g
ar
lM
e
Kh

Nicolson Road

11

Bank 1 (A)

VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

203

MATHEMATICS
Now answer the following questions.
(a) Name the roads that meet at round about.
(b) What is the address of the stadium?
(c) On which road is the Police Station situated?
(d) If Ritika stays adjacent to bank and you have to send her a card,
what address will you write?
(e) Which sector has maximum number of houses?
(f) In which sector is Fire Station located?
(g) In the map, how many sectors have been shown?
96. A photographer uses a computer program to enlarge a photograph.
What is the scale according to which the width has enlarged?

97. The side of a square board is 50 cm. A student has to draw its image
in her notebook. If the drawing of the square board in the notebook
has perimeter of 40 cm, then by which scale the figure has been
drawn?
98. The distance between school and house of a girl is given by 5 cm in
a picture, using the scale 1 cm : 5 km. Find the actual distance
between the two places?

204

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-6
99. Use a ruler to measure the distance in cm between the places joined
by dotted lines. If the map has been drawn using the scale 1 cm :10
km, find the actual distances between
(1) School and Library
(2) College and Complex
(3) House and School

100. The actual length of a painting was 2 m. What is its length in the
photograph if the scale used is 1 mm : 20 cm.

101. Find the scale.

(a) Actual size 12 m
Drawing size 3 cm
(b) Actual size 45 feet
Drawing size 5 inches
102. In a town, an ice cream parlour has displayed an ice cream sculpture
of height 360 cm. The parlour claims that these ice creams and the
sculpture are in the scale 1:30. What is the height of the ice creams
served?

VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

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MATHEMATICS
(D) A c t i v i t i e s
Activity 1

: Find the most appropriate way to reach from start to

finish.
(Use a coloured pen of your choice to show the path
traced.)

Start

Finish

Start
Finish

206

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-6
Activity 2

Activity 3

: Rohit is a 7 year old young boy. His uncle Raj asked him
to draw a map to reach Sports Complex from his (Rohits)
house. He drew the following map.

Can you help Uncle Raj by drawing a better map

considering yourself as Rohits Father/Mother.
: Look at the map of city given on the next page:
(a) Colour the map using the given colour code as follows.
Blue-water, Red-Fire station, White-Hospital, GreenParks, Cream-River Bed, Brown-Mountains.
(b) Mark the shortest route from House to Pool with the
help of arrowes.
(c) Put X at the intersection of Chatra Marg and House
Lane.

Library

House Lane
Sand

Fire Station
Main Street
Park

Health Lane

Home

Chatra Marg

School

Pool
Lake Street
Hospital

River Lane
River

VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

207

MATHEMATICS
Activity 4

: Draw the nets given below on coloured sheets by taking

each side of the triangle as 3cm, and try to form the
shapes shown in front of it. Count the number of edges,
faces and vertices in ends and verify the Eulers formula.

(a)

4 equilateral triangles

(b)

(c)

(d)
2 squares and 8 triangles

208

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-6

(e)

2 pentagons and 10 triangles

(f)
6 squares and 8 triangles

(g)

Activity 5

: Guess who am I? My name is given in the box below.

Oops! Spelling of my name is jumbled up.
Try to identify it from the clues given below and write it
in the blank space.
(1) I am a polyhedron with least number of faces. ________
(2) I am a prism whose all faces are square. ________
(3) Looks like marbles but have no vertex. ________
(4) I am a solid whose base is polygonal and other faces
are triangles. ________

VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

209

MATHEMATICS

6. Draw the map of your locality, showing the details of your sector/
block. Also highlight the appropriate landmarks which will help
your friend to locate your house in your sector/block.
Activity 7 : Crossword Puzzle
Answer the following based on the hints given below.
Across
1.

Polyhedron whose lateral faces are parallelograms.

2.

Prism having fifteen edges.

5.

Another name for a square prism.

7.

Polyhedron made up of four triangles.

9.

Polyhedron made up of convex polygons.

Down
2.

Polyhedron whose lateral faces are triangles.

3.

In a solid shape, the line segment joining two vertices not lying
on the same face.

4.

A 3-D shape having no vertex.

6.

A solid figure having only one vertex.

7.

Number of pentagons in a pentagonal prism.

10. Point where edges of a solid shape meet.

210

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-6

3.

2.

4.

1.

6.

10.

5.
7.
8.

VISUALISING SOLID SHAPES

211

MATHEMATICS
Rough

212

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

Work