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Introduction To Data Structures and Algorithms

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7 views8 pages

Introduction To Data Structures and Algorithms

Uploaded by

saatvikbansal55
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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Introduction to

Data Structures
and Algorithms
Data structures are fundamental building blocks for organizing
data in computer programs. Algorithms are step-by-step
instructions that solve problems using data structures.

by Saatvik Bansal
Understanding Time and
Space Complexity
1 Time Complexity 2 Space Complexity
Describes how the Measures the amount of
execution time of an memory used by an
algorithm grows with the algorithm based on input
input size. size.

3 Big O Notation
A mathematical notation used to express the asymptotic
behavior of functions.
Arrays and Linked Lists
Arrays Linked Lists

Contiguous blocks of memory storing elements of the Dynamic data structures where elements are linked
same data type. together through pointers.

• Fast random access • Flexible size


• Fixed size • Slower random access
Stacks and Queues
Stack
LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) data structure where
elements are added and removed from the top.

Queue
FIFO (First-In, First-Out) data structure where
elements are added to the rear and removed from the
front.
Trees and Binary Search Trees
Trees Binary Search Trees BST Operations
Hierarchical data structures Special type of tree where each Insertion, deletion, search, and
where elements are organized in node has at most two children, traversal operations are common
a parent-child relationship. and the left child's value is in binary search trees.
smaller than the parent's while
the right child's value is larger.
Hash Tables and Hashing
Hash Table Data structure that uses hash functions to map keys
to indices in an array.

Hash Function Takes a key as input and returns an integer value,


typically an index in the array.

Collision Resolution Methods for handling situations when different keys


map to the same index.
Sorting Algorithms
1 Bubble Sort
Compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are in the
wrong order.

2 Insertion Sort
Builds a sorted array by inserting elements one by one at their
correct positions.

3 Merge Sort
Divides the array into halves, sorts each half recursively, and then
merges the sorted halves.

4 Quick Sort
Chooses a pivot element and partitions the array around it, placing
smaller elements to the left and larger elements to the right.
Conclusion and Key Takeaways

Efficiency
Understanding time and space complexity is crucial for optimizing algorithm
performance.

Problem-Solving
Algorithms provide a systematic approach to tackling diverse computational
challenges.

Data Structures
Choosing the right data structure for a specific task is essential for effective
program design.

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