Dext Rome Th Orphan

DEXTROMETHORPHAN
PRESENTED BY
ADITYA KUMAR
BSC NURSING 3RD
23BDN026
INTRODUCTION
• 1.: First synthesized in 1954 by Riker Laboratories.

• 2. Introduced in 1958 as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.
• 3. Developed as a safer alternative to codeine, reducing the risk of
addiction and respiratory depression.
• 4. Became a popular over-the-counter (OTC) medication for dry cough
relief.
• 5.Later found to have psychoactive effects at high doses, leading to
concerns about misuse.
• 6. Current Status: Still widely used as an OTC cough suppressant in
various formulations.
introduction
• Dextromethorphan (DXM) is a widely used over-the-counter

medication for relieving dry, non-productive cough. It is
commonly included in cold and flu remedies.
• Dextromethorphan is the Antitussive Drug.
• Antitussives are generally used for dry coughs, particularly
when a cough does not produce mucus or phlegm.
DEFINITION
D e x tro m e th o rp h a n is a s y n th e tic d ru g th a ta c ts a s a c o u g h s u p p re s s a n tb y a ff e c tin g th e b ra in 's c o u g h re fl e x c e n te r.
PHARMACOKINETICS
• Absorption: Dextromethorphan is rapidly absorbed from the

gastrointestinal tract after oral administration
• Distribution: It is widely distributed in the body, including the
brain, where it exerts its action
• Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver by CYP2D6 into active
metabolite dextrorphan.
• Excretion: Primarily via urine; minor in feces.
• Half-life: 2–4 hours
PHARMACODYNAMIC
• 1. Mechanism of Action:Suppresses the cough reflex by

acting on the medullary cough center in the brainstem.
• 2 . Therapeutic Effects: Reduces cough in dry, non-productive
conditions
• 3 . Other Effects:At high doses, may produce dissociative or
euphoric effects due to NMDA receptor antagonism.
AVAILABLE FORM
DOSAGE AND ROUTE
• DOSAGE
• Adults:Standard dosage is 10-20 mg every 4 hours.Maximum
recommended dose is 120 mg per day.
• Children:Dosage varies depending on age:
• 6-12 years: 5-10 mg every 4 hours (max 60 mg/day).
• 2-6 years: 2.5-5 mg every 4 hours (max 30 mg/day).
• ROUTES
• Oral: Dextromethorphan is commonly administered as a liquid, tablet,
or lozenge.
INDICATION
• Indications of Dextromethorphan:
• 1. Dry, non-productive cough
• 2. Cough associated with the common cold
• 3. Post-infectious cough
• 4. Chronic bronchitis (for symptomatic relief)
CONTRAINDICATION
• Contraindications of Dextromethorphan:
• 1. Hypersensitivity:
• Known allergy to dextromethorphan or any of its ingredients.
• 2. Use with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs):
• Should not be taken with MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping them due to the risk of serotonin syndrome.
• 3. Chronic Productive Cough:
• Not recommended for coughs with mucus, as it can interfere with mucus clearance.
• 4. Severe Respiratory Disorders:
• Caution in individuals with severe asthma, COPD, or other serious respiratory conditions.
• 5. Children Under 2 Years:
• Contraindicated for use in children under 2 years due to the risk of severe side ef
• fects.
DRUG INTERACTION
• Drug Interactions of Dextromethorphan:

• 1. MAOIs: Risk of serotonin syndrome.
• 2. SSRIs: Increased risk of serotonin syndrome.
• 3. CYP2D6 Inhibitors: Increased dextromethorphan levels and
side effects.
• 4. Alcohol/CNS Depressants: Enhanced sedative effects.
• 5. Antihypertensives: Potential increased risk of hypotension.
DEXTROMETHORPHAN
SIDE EFFECT ADVERSE EFFECT

• Drowsiness • Severe dizziness or
confusion (in elderly or
• Dizziness
those with pre-existing
• Nausea conditions)
• Mild headache • Allergic reactions (rash,
itching, swelling)
• Mild stomach upset
ROLE OF NURSE
• Role of Nurse for Dextromethorphan
• Before Administration:
• 1. Assess medical history and allergies.
• 2. Review current medications for interactions.
• 3. Confirm the patient has a dry cough.
• 4. Verify correct dosage.
• During Administration:1. Ensure proper route and form.
• 2. Monitor for side effects.
• 3. Educate patient to avoid alcohol and CNS depressants.
• fter Administration:
• 1. Monitor for adverse effects (e.g., serotonin syndrome, respiratory depression).
• 2. Assess effectiveness of the medication.
• 3. Provide supportive care if needed.
• 4. Document administration and ob

• servations.

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DEXTROMETHORPHAN

• 1.: First synthesized in 1954 by Riker Laboratories.

• Dextromethorphan (DXM) is a widely used over-the-counter

• Absorption: Dextromethorphan is rapidly absorbed from the

• 1. Mechanism of Action:Suppresses the cough reflex by

• 2. Use with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs):

• 3. Chronic Productive Cough:

• 4. Severe Respiratory Disorders:

• 5. Children Under 2 Years:

• Drug Interactions of Dextromethorphan:

SIDE EFFECT ADVERSE EFFECT

• 4. Document administration and ob

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