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    ADC Interfacing

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    ADC Interfacing

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    4 views32 pages

    ADC Interfacing

    Uploaded by

    ss7210440

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    ADC INTERFACING

    Digital computers use binary (discrete)


    values, but in the physical world everything
    is analog (continuous).
    Temperature, pressure (wind or liquid),
    humidity, and velocity are a few examples
    of physical quantities that we deal with
    every day.

    A physical quantity is converted to electrical


    (voltage, current) signals using a device
    called a transducer or sensor.
    • ADC is inside ATMega32.
    • Total 8 ADC pins(PA0-PA&) inside ATMega32.
    • Sensor is connected to any one of these pins.
    • Analog data enter in ATMega32 .
    • ADC inside ATMega32 convert it into 8bit or 10 bit
    equivalent output and the digital data given to CPU.
    • Depends on program in memory ,CPU process the
    data and finally the o/p data is given to O/P display
    device like LCD.
    • When Microcontroller will give a 0 to 1 pulse to start
    conversion pin,the conversion process will be started.
    • Vref is the reference voltage given to ADC.
    • It is the maximum i/P voltage that can be accepted by
    the ADC.
    • If a 5V line is connected to Vref ,then the maximum
    i/p that can be accepted by the ADC i/p line is 5V.
    • If 5V signal comes on Vin(i/p pin) from sensor,then
    the maximum output will be 1111 1111.
    Some of major characteristics of the
    ADC
    Step size and conversion time of ADC

    • Step size(Resolution) is the smallect change at the input


    that can be detected by the ADC.
    • Even if the i/p is so small ,ADC is capable of detecting
    the small signal.(Advantage)
    • Formula of resolution=Vref/2n
    • High resolution (smaller value)ADC has more precise
    output.
    • Resolution can be improved by increasing the
    number of bits or reducing the reference voltage.
    • Conversion time is the time taken by the ADC to
    convert input analog signal to equivalent digital
    signal.
    In an 8 bit ADC we have an 8 bit digital
    data output of D0-D7.

    Where Dout = digital data output (in


    decimal)
    Vin = analog input data
    and step size is the resolution.
    ADC Programming in the
    AVR
    AVR microcontrollers have on-chip
    ADC peripheral like timers.
    a) It is a 10-bit ADC

    b) It has 8 analog input channels, 7


    differential input channels, and 2
    differential input channels with optional
    gain of 10X and 200x.

    c) The converted output data is held by


    two special function registers called
    ADCL(A/D Conversion Low) and ADCH.
    d) ADCL:ADCH is 16 bits

    e) We have three option for Vref. Vref can


    be connected to Avcc, internal 2.56V, or
    external AREF pin.

    f) The conversion time is dictated by the


    crystal frequency connected by the
    XTAL pins and ADPS0:2.(ADC
    prescalar)
    ADC Control and Status Register

    The ADCSRA Register is the status


    and control register of ADC.
    1. Make the pin for the selected ADC channel
    an input pin.
    2. Turn on the ADC module of the AVR because it
    is disabled upon power-on reset to save
    power.
    3. Select the conversion speed. We use
    register ADPS2:0 to select the conversion
    speed.
    4. Select voltage reference and ADC input
    channels. We use REFS0 and REFS1 bits in
    the ADMUX register to select voltage
    reference and the MUX4:0 bits in ADMUX to
    select the ADC input channel.
    5. Activate the start conversion bit by writing
    a one to the ADSC bit of ADCSRA.
    6. Wait for the conversion to be completed
    by polling the ADIF bit in the ADCSRA
    register
    7. After the ADIF bit has gone HIGH, read
    the ADCL and ADCH registers to get the
    digital data output.
    8. If you want to read the selected
    channel again, go back to step 5.
    9. If you want to select another vref source
    or input channel, go back to step 4.
    Thank You

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