Complex Numbers

Imaginary
&
Complex
Numbers
Daily Check
For each equation find the
discriminant and the number of
solutions.
2
1. 3 x  4 x  2 0
2
2. x  6 x  9 0
Launched Object
h(t) = -16t2 + 64t + 80
a) How many seconds until

2 sec.
the max
height is reached?
144 ft.
b) What will be the max height?
c) How many seconds 5 sec. until the
object hits the ground?
Today’s Question:
How do we take the square root
of negative numbers?
2
2
i
i 1
-In the set of real numbers, negative numbers do
not have square roots.
-Imaginary numbers were invented so that negative

numbers would have square roots and certain
equations would have solutions.
-These numbers were devised using an imaginary

unit named i.
i 1
-The imaginary numbers consist of all numbers bi,
where b is a real number and i is the imaginary unit,
with the property that i² = -1.
-The first four powers of i establish an important

pattern and should be memorized.
Powers of i
1 2 3 4
i i i  1 i  i i 1
Examples of how we i 1
use
 16  16   1  81  81   1
4  i 9  i
 4i  9i
Examples of how we i 1
use
 45  45   1
 3 3 5   1
3 5   1
3 5  i
3i 5
 200  200   1
 2 2 2 5 5   1
2  5 2   1
10 2  i
10i 2
Complex Numbers
A complex number has a real part
and imaginary part.
Standard form is:
a  bi
Real part Imaginary part
Example: 5+4i
The Complex Plane
Real Axis
Imaginary Axis
Graphing in the complex plane
 2  5i
.
2  2i
.
4  3i
. .
 4  3i
Adding and Subtracting
(add or subtract the real parts, then add or
subtract the imaginary parts)
Ex: ( 1  2i )  (3  3i ) Ex: 2i  (3  i )  (2  3i )
( 1  3)  (2i  3i ) ( 3  2)  (2i  i  3i )
2  5i  1 2i
Ex: (2  3i )  (3  7i )
(2  3i )  ( 3  7i)
 1 4i
Absolute Value of a Complex
Number
The distance the complex number

is from the origin on the complex
plane. (a  bi )
If you have a complex number
the absolute value can be found
2 2
using: a b
plane
 2  5i
.
5
2
Examples
1.  2  5i 2.  6i
 ( 2) 2  (5) 2  ( 0) 2  (  6 ) 2
 4  25  0  36
 29  36
6
Which of these 2 complex numbers is
closest to the origin?
-2+5i
Try These!!!
1. 4 i 2. 3i
 (4) 2  ( 1) 2  (0) 2  (3) 2
 16  1  09
 17  9
3
Which of these 2 complex numbers is
closest to the origin?
3i
Powers of i
1.) Find i23  i
2.) Find i2006  1
3.) Find i37 i
4.) Find i828 1
Simplify. -Express these numbers in terms of i.
1.)
3.)  5   1*5   1 5 i 5
4.) 
2.)  7   1* 7   1 7  i 7
3.)
5.)  99   1* 99   1 99
i 3 3 11
3i 11
You try…
6  7 i 7
.
7   36  6i
.
8  160 4i 10
.
To multiply imaginary numbers or
an imaginary number by a real
number, it is important first to
express the imaginary numbers in
terms of i.
Multiplying
9. 47i 2 94i
10. 2i   5 2i   15 2i i 5
2
2i 5  2 5
2
11.   3   7  i 3 i 7  i 21
 ( 1) 21  21
Add or Subtract
7.)
12 7i  9i 16i
.
8.)
13 ( 5  6i )  (2  11i)  3  5i
.
9.)
14. (2  3i )  (4  2i) 2  3i  4  2i
 2  i
Multiplying & Dividing
Complex Numbers
Part of 7.9 in your book

REMEMBER: i² = -1
Multiply
1) 3i 4i 12i 12( 1)  12
2
2) 7i 
2 2 2
7 i 49( 1)  49
You try…
3)
 7i 12i  84i  84( 1)
2
84
4)  11i   11 i  121( 1)
2 2 2
 121
Multiply
5) 4  3i 7  2i 
2
28 8i 21i 6i
2
28  29i  6i
28  29i  6( 1)
28  29i  6
22  29i
You try…
6) 2  i 3  10i  2
6  20i  3i  10i
2
6  17i  10i
6  17i  10 1
6  17i  10
16  17i
You try…
7)
5  7i 5  7i 
25 35i 35i  49i 2
25  49( 1)
25  49
74
Conjugate
-The conjugate of a + bi is a – bi
-The conjugate of a – bi is a + bi
Find the conjugate of each
number…
8) 3  4i 3  4i
9)  4  7i  4  7i
10) 5i  5i
11)6 6
Because 6  0i is the same as 6  0i
12)
Divide…
 5  9i 1  i  5  5i  9i  9i 2
 2
1 i 1 i 1i  i  i
 14  4i  14  4i

1 i 2 
2
 7  2i
You try…
13)
2  3i 3  5i 6  10i  9i  15i 2
 2
3  5i 3  5i 9  15i  15i  25i
 9  19i  9  19i
 2 
9  25i 34
Ex: Solve x + 6x +10 = 0
2 1s
2 2 t
 b  b  4ac  6  6  4 110
x 
2a 2 1
a=  6  36  4 110  6  236
nd
 40
 
b= 2 1 2
c=
 6   4  6 2i   6  2i and  6  2i
 
2 2 2 2
 3  i and  3  i

Complex Numbers

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Complex Numbers

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Imaginary

a) How many seconds until

-Imaginary numbers were invented so that negative

-These numbers were devised using an imaginary

-The first four powers of i establish an important

The distance the complex number

Part of 7.9 in your book

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