#Complex Numbers

Imaginary and Complex
Numbers
Real Number System
Natural {1, 2, 3, 4,…}
Real Number System
Natural
Whole {0, 1, 2, 3, 4,…}

Real Number System
Natural
Whole
Integers {...-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …}

Real Number System
Natural
Whole
Integers
Rational Fractions and Decimals

Real Number System
Natural
Whole
Integers
Rational Irrational
Real Number System
Natural The number line is our model
for the real number system.
Whole
Integers
Rational Irrational
Real
Numbers
Number System
Basic Concepts of Complex Numbers
So, i  1
The number i is called the imaginary unit.
Numbers of the form a + bi, where a and b

are real numbers are called complex
numbers.
In this complex number, a is the real part

and bi is the imaginary part.
Imaginary Numbers
The imaginary number i is the
square root of -1:
 1 i
Example: Evaluate i2
  1
2
2
i   1
Evaluating a Negative Square Root
Calculate the value of the expression below:
 16
16  1 “Factor” out a -1
16  1 Rewrite
4i Simplify
Complex Number
A number consisting of a real and imaginary part.
Usually written in the following form (where a
and b are real numbers):
Real part a  bi Imaginary part
Example: Solve 0 = x2 – 2x + 10 a = 1 b = -2 c = 10
2
2   2   4110 
x 21
 2   36
2  2 6 i
2
1 3i
1  3i and 1  3i
Addition and Subtraction of Complex
Numbers
For complex numbers a + bi and c +

di, (a  bi )  (c  di ) (a  c )  (b  d )i
and
(a  bi )  (c  di ) (a  c )  (b  d )i .
Numbers
Find each sum:
a. (3  4i )  (  2  6i )
Add
Solution: Add real imaginary
parts. parts.
(3  4i )  (  2  6i )  3  (  2)    4  6 i
Commutative, associative,
distributive properties
1  2i
Numbers
Find each difference:
c. (  4  3i )  (6  7i )
Solution:
(  4  3i )  (6  7i ) (  4  6)   3  (  7) i
 10  10i
Multiplication of Complex Numbers
The product of two complex numbers is

found by multiplying as if the numbers were
binomials and using the fact that i2 = – 1, as
follows.
(a  bi )(c  di ) ac  adi  bic  bidi FOIL
2
ac  adi  bci  bdi
Distributive property;
i 2 = –1 ac  (ad  bc )i  bd (  1)
(ac  bd )  (ad  bc )i
For each multiplication, we use the
FOIL method:
For complex numbers a + bi and c + di,
(a  bi )(c  di ) (ac  bd )  (ad  bc )i .

Find each product.
a. (2  3i )(3  4i )
Solution:
(2  3i )(3  4i ) 2(3)  2(4i )  3i (3)  3i (4i ) FOIL
2
6  8i  9i  12i
6  i  12(  1) i2 = −1
18  i
Practice Problems
Raising "i " to a power
The imaginary unit i can be raised to higher powers as
shown below.
Helpful Hint
Notice the repeating pattern in each row of the table.
The pattern allows you to express any power of i as one
of four possible values: i, –1,
–i, or 1.
Example: Evaluating Powers of i
Simplify –6i14
–6i14 = –6(i2)7 Rewrite i14 as a power of i2.

= –6(–1)7
= –6(–1) = 6 Simplify.
Simplify i63.
i63 = i  i62 Rewrite as a product of i and an

even power of i.
= i  (i2)31 Rewrite i62 as a power of i2.
= i  (–1)31 = i  –1 = –i Simplify.
Simplify i42.
i42 = ( i2)21 Rewrite i42 as a power of i2.
= (–1)21 = –1 Simplify.
Lesson Quiz
4 2
1.
2.
i 3i
5 5i
4.
3.
3 i 2 i
Simplify:
1. i 25 = 2. i 19 = 3. i 216 =
Lesson Quiz
4 2
1.
2.
i 3i
5 5i
4.
3.
3 i 2 i
Simplify:
1. i 25 = 2. i 19 = 3. i 216 =
Mini Quiz (5 Points)
A) Write the expression as a complex number in standard form:
2
1) 2  3i 1  4i  2) 3  2i 
3i 1  2i
3) 4)
 2i 3  5i
B) Simplify:
1. i 56 = 2. i 38 = 3. i 136 =
C) Write each given power of i in simplest terms as 1, i, –1, or –i:
1) i 8  i 9  i 10 2) i 8 i 9 i 10
D) Perform the indicated operation, and write the answer in simplest
form:
1)  100   9 2)  81   25 3)  2   18 4)  400
 25
Graphing Complex Numbers
• Complex numbers cannot be graphed on a normal
coordinate axes.
• Complex numbers are graphed in an Argand diagram,
which looks very much like a regular coordinate axes.
• An Argand diagram shows a relationship between the
x-axis (real axis) with real numbers and the y-axis
(imaginary axis) with imaginary numbers.
• In an Argand diagram, a complex number (a + bi) is the
point (a, b) or the vector from the origin to the point (a, b).
Argand Diagram
Imaginary axis
Real axis
Argand Diagram
Graph 2 + 5i yi
The graph of 2 + 5i is
represented by the point 2 + 5i
(2, 5) OR by the vector
from the origin to the
point (2, 5). x
Argand Diagram
Graph 5 – 6i yi
The graph of 5 – 6i is
represented by the point
(5, –6) OR by the vector
point (5, –6). x
5 – 6i
Argand Diagram
Graph 3i yi
The graph of 3i is
(0, 3) OR by the vector 3i
point (0, 3). x
3i is the same as
0 + 3i.
Argand Diagram
Graph –7 yi
The graph of –7 is
(– 7, 0) OR by the vector
from the origin to the –7
point (– 7, 0). x
–7 is the same as
–7 + 0i
Try these
1. −3 + 2i
2. -5i
3. −4 − 4i
Simplify:
1. i 56 2. i 38 3. i 136

#Complex Numbers

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#Complex Numbers

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Imaginary and Complex

Whole {0, 1, 2, 3, 4,…}

Integers {...-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …}

Rational Fractions and Decimals

Numbers of the form a + bi, where a and b

In this complex number, a is the real part

Real part a  bi Imaginary part

For complex numbers a + bi and c +

The product of two complex numbers is

For complex numbers a + bi and c + di,

(a  bi )(c  di ) (ac  bd )  (ad  bc )i .

(2  3i )(3  4i ) 2(3)  2(4i )  3i (3)  3i (4i ) FOIL

–6i14 = –6(i2)7 Rewrite i14 as a power of i2.

i63 = i  i62 Rewrite as a product of i and an

= i  (i2)31 Rewrite i62 as a power of i2.

C) Write each given power of i in simplest terms as 1, i, –1, or –i:

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