All-about-php-5

ALL ABOUT PHP 5
JONALINE Z. EUSTAQUIO
WHAT IS PHP?
 PHP is an acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor"

 PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language
 PHP scripts are executed on the server
 PHP is free to download and use
WHAT IS A PHP FILE?
 PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code
 PHP code are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the browser as plain
HTML
 PHP files have extension ".php"
WHAT CAN PHP DO?
 PHP can generate dynamic page content

 PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server
 PHP can collect form data
 PHP can send and receive cookies
 PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database
 PHP can be used to control user-access
 PHP can encrypt data
WHY PHP?
 PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)

 PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
 PHP supports a wide range of databases
 PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP resource: www.php.net
 PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side
PHP 5 INSTALLATION
 What Do I Need?
 To start using PHP, you can:
 Find a web host with PHP and MySQL support
 Install a web server on your own PC, and then install PHP and MySQL
USE A WEB HOST WITH PHP SUPPORT
 If your server has activated support for PHP you do not need to do anything.
 Just create some .php files, place them in your web directory, and the server will
automatically parse them for you.
 You do not need to compile anything or install any extra tools.
 Because PHP is free, most web hosts offer PHP support.
SET UP PHP ON YOUR OWN PC
 However, if your server does not support PHP, you must:

 install a web server
 install PHP
 install a database, such as MySQL
 The official PHP website (PHP.net) has installation instructions for PHP:http
://php.net/manual/en/install.php
PHP 5 SYNTAX
 A PHP script is executed on the server, and the plain HTML result is sent back to the browser.
 Basic PHP Syntax
 A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document.
 A PHP script starts with <?php and ends with ?>:
 <?php
// PHP code goes here
?>
 The default file extension for PHP files is ".php".
 A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP scripting code.
 Below, we have an example of a simple PHP file, with a PHP script that uses a built-in PHP
function "echo" to output the text "Hello World!" on a web page:
 Note: PHP statements end with a semicolon (;).
COMMENTS IN PHP
 A comment in PHP code is a line that is not read/executed as part of the program. Its only
purpose is to be read by someone who is looking at the code.
 Comments can be used to:
 Let others understand what you are doing
 Remind yourself of what you did - Most programmers have experienced coming back to
their own work a year or two later and having to re-figure out what they did. Comments
can remind you of what you were thinking when you wrote the code
PHP supports several ways of commenting:
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
// This is a single-line comment
# This is also a single-line comment
/*
This is a multiple-lines comment block
that spans over multiple
lines
*/
// You can also use comments to leave out parts of a code line
$x = 5 /* + 15 */ + 5;
echo $x;
?>
</body>
</html>
Run example »
PHP CASE SENSITIVITY
 In PHP, NO keywords (e.g. if, else, while, echo, However; all variable names are case-sensitive.
etc.), classes, functions, and user-defined In the example below, only the first statement will display
functions are case-sensitive. the value of the $color variable (this is because $color,
 In the example below, all three echo statements $COLOR, and $coLOR are treated as three different
below are legal (and equal): variables):
 Example
Example
 <!DOCTYPE html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html> <html>
<body> <body>
<?php <?php
ECHO "Hello World! "; $color = "red";
echo "Hello World! "; echo "My car is " . $color . " ";
EcHo "Hello World! "; echo "My house is " . $COLOR . " ";
?> echo "My boat is " . $coLOR . " ";
?>
</body>
</html> </body>
</html>
PHP 5 VARIABLES
Creating After the execution of the statements above, the

variable $txt will hold the value Hello world!, the
(Declaring) PHP variable $x will hold the value 5, and the
Variables variable $y will hold the value 10.5.
Note: When you assign a text value to a variable,

In PHP, a variable starts with the $ sign,
put quotes around the value.
followed by the name of the variable:
Note: Unlike other programming languages, PHP
Example has no command for declaring a variable. It is
<?php created the moment you first assign a value to it.
$txt = "Hello world!";
$x = 5;
$y = 10.5;
?> Think of variables as containers for storing data.
PHP VARIABLES
 A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive name (age, carname,
total_volume).
 Rules for PHP variables:
 A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable
 A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character
 A variable name cannot start with a number
 A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and
_)
 Variable names are case-sensitive ($age and $AGE are two different variables)
 Remember that PHP variable names are case-sensitive!
OUTPUT VARIABLES
The PHP echo statement is often used to output data to the screen.
The following example will show how to output text and a variable:
Example
<?php
$txt = "W3Schools.com";
echo "I love $txt!";
?>
The following example will produce the same output as the example above:
Example
<?php
$txt = "W3Schools.com";
echo "I love " . $txt . "!";
?>
Run example »
The following example will output the sum of two variables:
Example
<?php
$x = 5;
$y = 4;
echo $x + $y;
?>
Run example »
Note: You will learn more about the echo statement and how to output data to the screen in the next chapter.
PHP IS A LOOSELY TYPED LANGUAGE
 In the example above, notice that we did not have to tell PHP which data type the variable
is.
 PHP automatically converts the variable to the correct data type, depending on its value.
 In other languages such as C, C++, and Java, the programmer must declare the name and
type of the variable before using it.
PHP VARIABLES SCOPE
 In PHP, variables can be declared anywhere in the script.

 The scope of a variable is the part of the script where the variable can be referenced/used.
 PHP has three different variable scopes:
 local
 global
 static
GLOBAL AND LOCAL SCOPE
 A variable declared outside a function has a A variable declared within a function has a
GLOBAL SCOPE and can only be accessed LOCAL SCOPE and can only be accessed within
outside a function: that function:
 Example Example
 <?php <?php
$x = 5; // global scope function myTest() {
$x = 5; // local scope
function myTest() { echo "Variable x inside function is:
// using x inside this function will generate $x";
an error }
echo "Variable x inside function is: myTest();
$x";
} // using x outside the function will generate an
myTest(); error
echo "Variable x outside function is:
echo "Variable x outside function is:
$x";
$x";
?> ?>
PHP THE GLOBAL KEYWORD
The global keyword is used to access a global variable from PHP also stores all global variables in an array called
within a function. $GLOBALS[index]. The index holds the name of the
To do this, use the global keyword before the variables variable. This array is also accessible from within
(inside the function): functions and can be used to update global variables
directly.
 Example The example above can be rewritten like this:
 <?php
Example
$x = 5; <?php
$y = 10; $x = 5;
$y = 10;
function myTest() {
global $x, $y; function myTest() {
$y = $x + $y; $GLOBALS['y'] = $GLOBALS['x'] + $GLOBALS['y'];
} }
myTest();
myTest(); echo $y; // outputs 15
echo $y; // outputs 15 ?>
?>
PHP THE STATIC KEYWORD
Normally, when a function is completed/executed, all of its variables are deleted. However, sometimes we want a local
variable NOT to be deleted. We need it for a further job.
To do this, use the static keyword when you first declare the variable:
Example
<?php
function myTest() {
static $x = 0;
echo $x;
$x++;
}
myTest();
myTest();
myTest();
?>
 Then, each time the function is called, that variable will still have the information it contained from the last time the
function was called.
 Note: The variable is still local to the function.
WHAT IS AN ARRAY?
 An array is a special variable, which can hold more than one value at a time.
 If you have a list of items (a list of car names, for example), storing the cars in single
variables could look like this:
$cars1 = "Volvo";
$cars2 = "BMW";
$cars3 = "Toyota";
 However, what if you want to loop through the cars and find a specific one? And what if
you had not 3 cars, but 300?
 The solution is to create an array!
 An array can hold many values under a single name, and you can access the values by
referring to an index number.
CREATE AN ARRAY IN PHP
In PHP, the array() function is used to create an array:

array();
In PHP, there are three types of arrays:
• Indexed arrays - Arrays with a numeric index

• Associative arrays - Arrays with named keys
• Multidimensional arrays - Arrays containing one or more arrays
END OF PRESENTATION!

All-about-php-5

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All-about-php-5

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ALL ABOUT PHP 5

 PHP is an acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor"

 PHP can generate dynamic page content

 PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)

 However, if your server does not support PHP, you must:

# This is also a single-line comment

Creating After the execution of the statements above, the

Note: When you assign a text value to a variable,

 In PHP, variables can be declared anywhere in the script.

In PHP, the array() function is used to create an array:

• Indexed arrays - Arrays with a numeric index

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