Resistance Thermometer With Wheat Stone Bridge
Resistance Thermometer With Wheat Stone Bridge
Resistance Thermometer With Wheat Stone Bridge
Harinivas P
USN :5WJ10MTZ05
Temperature Measurement
Harinivas P
We are all familiar with modern electrical measuring instruments. These instruments accurately measure ac and dc volts, ac and
That when the instrument indicates 1.00V, there is actually 1.00V present?
USN :5WJ10MTZ05
Temperature Measurement
Harinivas P
Before the arrival of the Digital Multimeter (DMM), galvanometers such as the moving coil meter, were the main way of measuring electrical quantities. Here, a coil is suspended in a permanent magnet field and when a current is passed through that coil it generates its own magnetic field. These fields then react with each other so causing a mechanical force to exist between them. With the aid of a spring and pivots, the coil rotates with respect to the permanent magnet and a pointer attached to the coil also moves.
USN :5WJ10MTZ05
Temperature Measurement
Harinivas P
Resistance Thermometer
Resistivity of metals is a function of temperature. Resistance thermometers, also called resistance temperature detectors (RTD) Sensors used to measure temperature by correlating the resistance of the RTD element with temperature. Most RTD elements consist of a length of fine coiled wire wrapped around a ceramic or glass core. The element is usually quite fragile, so it is often placed inside a sheathed probe to protect it. The RTD element is made from a pure material whose resistance at various temperatures has been documented. The material will have predictable change in resistance as the temperature changes; it is this predictable change that is used to determine temperature.
USN :5WJ10MTZ05
Temperature Measurement
Harinivas P
Resistance Thermometer
As they are almost invariably made of platinum, they are often called platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs). They are slowly replacing the use of thermocouples in many industrial applications below 600 C, due to higher accuracy and repeatability. Common RTD sensing elements constructed of platinum copper or nickel have a unique, and repeatable and predictable resistance versus temperature relationship (R vs T) and operating temperature range. The Resistance vs Temperature relationship is defined as the amount of resistance change of the sensor per degree of temperature change
USN :5WJ10MTZ05
Temperature Measurement
Harinivas P
Deflection Method
Let us assume resistance are been adjusted to make the bridge balanced.
ie R1 / RA = R2 / R3
Now , if we change R1 Resistance, this will make the bridge unbalance and there will be a voltage change appear across. The meter reading is an indication of the change in R1 and this actually can be utilized to computer this change, this is known as deflection method.
USN :5WJ10MTZ05
Temperature Measurement
Harinivas P
Null Method
In Null method, one of the resistors is adjustable manually. This if R1 changes, causing a meter deflection, R2 can be adjusted manually until Its effect just cancels that of R1 and the bridge returns to balanced conditions. The adjustment of that the meter returns to its null or zero position. In this case the numerical value of the changes in R1 required to effect the balance is recorded.
USN :5WJ10MTZ05
Temperature Measurement
Harinivas P
USN :5WJ10MTZ05
Temperature Measurement
Harinivas P
I1 R1 I 3 R3 0
& &
I 2 R2 I 4 R4 0
I3 I4
Furthermore,
I1 I 2
R 2 R4 R1 R3
Any change in one arm of the bridge will imbalance in bridge. However, one can use the measured voltage across the bridge to calculate changes in one arm. Suppose that a volt meter of infinite impedance (Ig = 0) is used to measure the voltage across points B and C. Because (Ig = 0),
USN :5WJ10MTZ05
Temperature Measurement
Harinivas P
RRTD R1
R3 R2
37.36 25(1 T )
USN :5WJ10MTZ05
Temperature Measurement
Harinivas P
USN :5WJ10MTZ05
Temperature Measurement
Harinivas P
Applications:
1. In Foundry to measure of temp in Furnace wall. 2. Fool proofing arrangement / Safety Devices. 3. Food processing Industry 4. Chemical Industry for Controlling process. 5. In Automobiles Radiators, to send signal about temp of cooling water.
Advantages :
1. More accurate Instruments. 2. Compact instrument. 3. Output can be connected to DIGATAL to have continuous readings.
USN :5WJ10MTZ05
Temperature Measurement
Harinivas P
Thank you
USN :5WJ10MTZ05