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Modern irrigation techniques

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Jatin Agarwal
Jatin Agarwal

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to land or soil to assist in crop growth. Historically, irrigation was labor intensive and dependent on weather, but modern irrigation is more machine intensive, market-focused, and allows farmers to control water supply independent of rains. There are several irrigation methods, including surface irrigation where land is fully flooded, sprinkler irrigation where water is distributed through sprinklers, and drip irrigation where water is supplied drop-by-drop directly to plant roots, making it the most efficient method. While modern irrigation techniques are more costly to install initially, they are also more efficient and effective at delivering the right amount of water to increase crop yields.

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Modern irrigation techniques
“Irrigation is the primary consumer of water on earth”WHAT IS — Igor IRRIGATION? Irrigation is the artificial Shiklomanov application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of crops.
IRRIGATION IN THE PAST  Farming was more focused on subsistence rather than selling products in the market.  Labor intensive.  Irrigated land used to be small.  Highly dependent on weather.  Inefficient.
Modern Irrigation  More focus is now on selling the output.  Machine intensive.  More sophisticated.  Rains are no longer the controlling force.
Modern irrigation techniques
SURFACE IRRIGATION In surface irrigation systems, the land is filled completely with water. In this way crops like rice are able to get ample amount of water.
METHODS OF SURFACE IRRIGATION • Controlled: Water is applied from the head ditch and guided by corrugations, furrows, borders, or ridges. • Uncontrolled- wild flooding. DISAVANTAGES• Wastage of water • Soil erosion • Loss of minerals in soil
DRIP IRRIGATION  Also known as trickle irrigation.  Water is supplied at the roots of the plants, drop by drop.  Most efficient and effective way of irrigation.  Drip irrigation method can be either high tech computerized or labor intensive.
Drip irrigation
   Water is piped through different locations in the field and is then distributed by high pressure sprinklers or guns. Sprinklers are mostly installed on permanent risers. Some sprinklers which rotate are called rotors.
SPRINKLER
   Center pivot irrigation is a form of sprinkler irrigation. It consists of several segments of pipe which is joined together and is supported by trusses, mounted on wheeled towers with sprinklers positioned along it’s length. It moves in a circular pattern and is fed with water from the pivot point at the center of the arc.
Modern irrigation techniques
Disadvantages of sprinkler 0 Costly to install 0 Average cost is $2682 0 Also, large number of sprinklers have to be installed in a field because area covered by a single sprinkler is not large. 0 Center pivot is also extremely costly.
Sub-Irrigation • It has been used for many years where there is a lot of ground water available. • It is a method of artificially raising the water table to allow the soil to be moistened from below the plants' root zone. • Advantages are water and nutrient conservation, and labor-saving through lowered system maintenance and automation. • It is similar to surface drip irrigation system.
COMPARISON TRADITIONAL METHOD OF IRRIGATION MODERN IRRIGATIONAL TECHNIQUE • Inefficient as crops don’t get water properly. • Very cheap because there is no installation cost. • Labor intensive. • Efficient because crops get correct amount of water. The best example is drip irrigation system. • Extremely costly. A lot of investment has to be made to get a proper irrigational system. • Machine intensive.
   These days people prefer to use modern irrigational techniques because they are extremely efficient and effective. Modern irrigational techniques are also pivotal in increasing the crop yield. Also since these days farming is done with the help of fertilizers, crops need a certain amount of water to grow properly.
MY VIEW ON USING MODERN IRRIGATIONAL TECHNIQUES  According to me, modern irrigational techniques should be used and promoted because they save a lot of water.  For example: drip irrigation, if done properly can save upto 95% of water.  Also modern irrigational methods are important because of scarcity of water and increasing demand for food crops.  Modern irrigational techniques are also cost effective, if done on a large scale.

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Modern irrigation techniques

  • 2. “Irrigation is the primary consumer of water on earth”WHAT IS — Igor IRRIGATION? Irrigation is the artificial Shiklomanov application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of crops.
  • 3. IRRIGATION IN THE PAST  Farming was more focused on subsistence rather than selling products in the market.  Labor intensive.  Irrigated land used to be small.  Highly dependent on weather.  Inefficient.
  • 4. Modern Irrigation  More focus is now on selling the output.  Machine intensive.  More sophisticated.  Rains are no longer the controlling force.
  • 6. SURFACE IRRIGATION In surface irrigation systems, the land is filled completely with water. In this way crops like rice are able to get ample amount of water.
  • 7. METHODS OF SURFACE IRRIGATION • Controlled: Water is applied from the head ditch and guided by corrugations, furrows, borders, or ridges. • Uncontrolled- wild flooding. DISAVANTAGES• Wastage of water • Soil erosion • Loss of minerals in soil
  • 8. DRIP IRRIGATION  Also known as trickle irrigation.  Water is supplied at the roots of the plants, drop by drop.  Most efficient and effective way of irrigation.  Drip irrigation method can be either high tech computerized or labor intensive.
  • 10.    Water is piped through different locations in the field and is then distributed by high pressure sprinklers or guns. Sprinklers are mostly installed on permanent risers. Some sprinklers which rotate are called rotors.
  • 12.    Center pivot irrigation is a form of sprinkler irrigation. It consists of several segments of pipe which is joined together and is supported by trusses, mounted on wheeled towers with sprinklers positioned along it’s length. It moves in a circular pattern and is fed with water from the pivot point at the center of the arc.
  • 14. Disadvantages of sprinkler 0 Costly to install 0 Average cost is $2682 0 Also, large number of sprinklers have to be installed in a field because area covered by a single sprinkler is not large. 0 Center pivot is also extremely costly.
  • 15. Sub-Irrigation • It has been used for many years where there is a lot of ground water available. • It is a method of artificially raising the water table to allow the soil to be moistened from below the plants' root zone. • Advantages are water and nutrient conservation, and labor-saving through lowered system maintenance and automation. • It is similar to surface drip irrigation system.
  • 16. COMPARISON TRADITIONAL METHOD OF IRRIGATION MODERN IRRIGATIONAL TECHNIQUE • Inefficient as crops don’t get water properly. • Very cheap because there is no installation cost. • Labor intensive. • Efficient because crops get correct amount of water. The best example is drip irrigation system. • Extremely costly. A lot of investment has to be made to get a proper irrigational system. • Machine intensive.
  • 17.    These days people prefer to use modern irrigational techniques because they are extremely efficient and effective. Modern irrigational techniques are also pivotal in increasing the crop yield. Also since these days farming is done with the help of fertilizers, crops need a certain amount of water to grow properly.
  • 18. MY VIEW ON USING MODERN IRRIGATIONAL TECHNIQUES  According to me, modern irrigational techniques should be used and promoted because they save a lot of water.  For example: drip irrigation, if done properly can save upto 95% of water.  Also modern irrigational methods are important because of scarcity of water and increasing demand for food crops.  Modern irrigational techniques are also cost effective, if done on a large scale.