The document discusses pre-industrial, industrial, and modern societies. It notes that pre-industrial societies had simple technology, low division of labor, and dominance of religious beliefs. Features of industrial societies included mass production, occupation specialization, large cities, and rapid social change. Overall, the document examines how social structures have changed from early hunting/gathering and agrarian societies to today's industrial societies.
1. Social structure refers to the institutions and social roles that establish norms and limits in society, while social interaction is the foundation for relationships through people's responses to one another.
2. Statuses define social positions with expectations, and can be ascribed based on attributes outside one's control or achieved through effort, with roles being the behaviors associated with a given status.
3. Managing impressions and saving face are important aspects of social interaction, as people present themselves in ways that maintain their desired image according to the definitions and judgments of situations.
This document provides an introduction and overview of the concept of "society" in sociology. It defines society as a collection of individuals united through relationships and behaviors that distinguish them from others. Society is characterized by mutual interaction and awareness between people, as well as cooperation, interdependence, and a shared culture over a definite territory. The essence of society, as noted by sociologists, is the sociability and companionship between individuals that has existed since humans have lived together in groups throughout history.
The document discusses three main types of communities: rural, urban, and tribal. Rural communities are based in villages and depend on agriculture. They have low population densities and close-knit social relationships. Urban communities are found in cities and have higher population densities, more diverse occupations in services/industry, and less close social ties. Tribal communities live in isolated forest or hill areas, have their own distinct culture/language, and are united under a tribal chief.
This document defines and describes different types of social groups. It begins by defining a social group as two or more individuals who interact and influence each other. The main types of groups discussed are in-groups and out-groups, primary and secondary groups, quasi groups, gemeinschaft and gesellschaft, and reference groups. In-groups are those individuals identify with, while out-groups are those they do not identify with. Primary groups involve close personal relationships, while secondary groups are more impersonal. Quasi groups lack structure and awareness. Gemeinschaft describes close-knit communities, while gesellschaft describes more impersonal societies. Reference groups are those individuals compare themselves to.
The document defines social structure and its key components. Social structure refers to the pattern and arrangement of institutions, organizations, statuses, and roles that make up a society. It establishes expectations for behavior and interaction. Statuses define positions in society, while roles are the behaviors associated with each status. Social structure includes primary groups with close ties and secondary groups for more impersonal interactions. It provides stability and order across generations in a society.
Meaning, Nature & Subject matter of SociologyKamal Subedi
12 slides•78.7K views
This document discusses the meaning, nature, and subject matter of sociology. It defines sociology as the scientific study of human society and social behavior. Sociology emerged as an independent social science in the 19th century to study and describe social phenomena and the relationships between individuals in society. The document outlines that sociology is a generalizing science that studies society as a whole rather than individuals. It examines the primary units of social life, institutions like family and religion, fundamental social processes, and various topics within specialized areas of sociology.
1. Sociology is defined as the scientific study of society and human behavior.
2. Auguste Comte developed the idea and coined the term "sociology".
3. Serafin M. Macaraig was the first Filipino to acquire a doctorate in Sociology.
4. He published a book titled "An Introduction to Sociology" in 1938.
5. Father Valentin Marin introduced sociology in the Philippines with the opening of a criminology program at the Pontifical University of Santo Tomas in the 1950s.
An association is a group of individuals organized to pursue common interests or goals through cooperation. The document defines associations and provides examples such as political parties, religious groups, student unions, and professional organizations. It describes the key characteristics of associations, including that they are formed by people, focus on common interests, require a cooperative spirit among members, and have some form of organization and rules to regulate member relations. Associations serve as means for members to achieve shared objectives and act as agents for transmitting ideas.
society and its types nd chracterstics.pptxPoojaSen20
41 slides•5.3K views
The word society is most fundamental to sociology. It is derived from the latin word “SOCIOUS” meaning “Companion ship or fellowship "or friendship.
According to Aristotle – Man is a social animal and cannot live alone. He needs society for every thing in life ,from survival to work and enjoyment Society is the group of people living in a particular region and having shared customs ,laws and organization”.
“A society may be defined as a network of interconnected major groups viewed as a unit and sharing a common culture” .
The document discusses social groups and their characteristics. It defines social groups as collections of individuals who interact and influence each other. It distinguishes between primary and secondary groups. Primary groups are small, intimate, and based on personal relationships, like families. Secondary groups are larger, more impersonal groups based on common goals or interests, like workplaces. The document also outlines the functions of social groups in making decisions, assigning roles, and controlling member behavior. It explores the importance of both primary and secondary groups for socialization, support, and opportunity.
Social structure refers to the framework of social institutions, practices, and groups that organize a society. It establishes norms that govern behavior and the way people interact. Key components of social structure include institutions like education and religion, statuses like roles and positions in society, and social groups. Statuses can be ascribed, such as gender assigned at birth, or achieved through individual efforts. Roles define appropriate behaviors for a given status. Issues can arise when roles conflict or the demands of a role cause strain. Social institutions are purposive, structured groups that perform important social functions like socializing members of a society through families, education, government, and religion.
Socialization is the lifelong process by which people learn the norms, values, behaviors, and social skills needed to function in their culture. It occurs through several social institutions including family, peer groups, education systems, religion, and the media. The goals of socialization are to teach individuals impulse control, how to perform social roles, and share values with their culture. Factors that influence socialization are imitation, suggestion, identification, language, and an individual's physical/psychological traits interacting with their environment and culture.
A social system is composed of a plurality of individuals interacting according to shared cultural norms and meanings. It functions as an orderly arrangement of patterned relationships and interactions among its parts. Key elements of a social system include beliefs, sentiments, goals, norms, ranks, statuses, roles, power, sanctions, and facilities. A social system works to solve functional problems like pattern maintenance, tension management, adaptation, goal attainment, and integration. It is influenced by cultural factors and structured interactions that bind its parts into a unified whole.
Society consists of people who live and work together in a defined territory. They interact with each other and share a common culture. Society is a web of social relationships defined by mutual cooperation, division of labor, and both formal and informal social controls that guide people's behavior. While societies change over time as their structures evolve, people still fundamentally require society from birth through death to perform social roles and share norms and values.
This document defines and compares key sociological concepts:
1) Society is a collection of individuals united through social relationships and interdependence, while community refers to a smaller group sharing a locality and sense of belonging.
2) An association is a deliberately formed group pursuing shared interests through organization, whereas an institution represents established social norms and structures for meeting needs.
3) A social system consists of interacting individuals following cultural norms and common goals, distinguished from other systems by boundaries.
The document provides an overview of sociology as a discipline, discussing what sociology studies, key concepts like status, roles, norms, values, and deviance. It outlines several sociological perspectives including structural functionalism, neo-Marxism, symbolic interactionism, and feminist theory. It also briefly compares sociology to related disciplines like anthropology and psychology.
1. Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior, focusing on how social relationships influence people and how societies are established and change.
2. Early founders of sociology like Marx, Durkheim, and Weber developed sociological perspectives to understand social phenomena, and sociology continues to use theoretical frameworks like functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism.
3. Sociology has both an academic focus on developing theories and knowledge, as well as an applied focus through clinical sociology which aims to use sociological insights to address social problems.
Guidance and Counselling: Assessment and InterventionAri Sudan Tiwari
87 slides•18K views
The document explains various methods of assessment used in the process of guidance and counselling. The methods discussed in detail are: Intake interview, case study, mental status examination, psychological assessment tools; such as, cognitive and personality assessment. The document further elaborates some intervention techniques; such as, relaxation training, assertion training, bio-feedback, systematic desensitisation, A-B-C model of cognitive behaviour approach, rational-emotive therapy, etc. employed in guidance and counselling.
This document discusses different types of societies including tribal, horticultural, agrarian, feudal, industrial, and post-industrial societies. It also examines professional, charitable, economic cooperative, and religious/cultural societies. The document then analyzes social groups and case studies a cooperative society in India, finding factors for its success included location, leadership, village prosperity, and efficient management. In conclusion, the document states that society provides security, progress, and development for humans.
http://www.ericsson.com/thinkingahead/networked_society
Creating freedom, empowerment and opportunity to transform industries and society while helping find solutions to some of the greatest challenges facing our planet. Get to know the Networked Society essentials.
This document provides an introduction to sociology. It defines sociology as the scientific study of human social relationships and interactions. Sociology offers unique benefits like helping us understand social issues, how social systems shape our lives, why societies change, and providing theoretical perspectives to study social life. The history of sociology traces back to early philosophers but was established as a distinct field by Auguste Comte in the 19th century. Important early sociologists sought to bring social concerns to light and advance sociological understanding of society. Developing a sociological imagination allows one to understand how personal lives intersect with social forces. Careers that apply sociology are also listed.
This document discusses human society and sociological theories of society. It begins by defining what a human society is - a group of people who share a common culture and lifestyle. It then outlines three main sociological perspectives on society: structural-functionalism, which views society as a system of interrelated parts; conflict theory, which focuses on stress, conflict and social change; and symbolic interactionism, which examines how people develop shared meanings through interaction. The document also provides a brief history of sociology and describes different types of early human societies from hunting/gathering to modern industrial societies.
Human societies have evolved from small nomadic hunter-gatherer groups to today's large, complex industrial societies. Early societies such as hunting/gathering and horticultural/pastoral groups were family-centered with simple technology and economies. The development of agriculture led to permanent settlements, surplus production, social inequality, and early civilizations. The industrial revolution introduced mechanized production, urbanization, occupational specialization, and advanced technologies, transforming societies into highly interconnected systems.
The document discusses the evolution of human communities and societies from early hunting and gathering bands to modern industrialized states. It describes the key characteristics of different types of societies throughout history, from bands and tribes to chiefdoms, states, and the development of cities. The types of societies discussed include hunting and gathering, pastoral, horticultural, agricultural, industrial, and post-industrial. The document also examines concepts like community, society, community development, human development, and the evolution of social organization over time.
This document discusses different types of human societies throughout history including hunting and gathering societies, pastoral societies, horticultural societies, agrarian societies, feudal societies, industrial societies, and post-industrial societies. It describes the key characteristics of each type of society such as their economic activities, social structures, and relationships. The document also discusses philosophers' theories on the origins and formation of societies through concepts like the social contract.
Society is defined as a group of people involved in persistent social interaction, sharing the same territory and political authority. The document discusses the evolution of different types of societies from hunting and gathering to agricultural to industrial to postindustrial. It also examines kinship systems and how they define relationships through descent and marriage. Key kinship patterns discussed include Iroquois, Crow, Omaha, Eskimo, Hawaiian and Sudanese. The document also addresses social stratification, norms, roles, status and descent groups within societies.
How to use name_create method in Odoo 18Celine George
6 slides•376 views
In this slide, we’ll discuss on how to use name_create method in Odoo 18. The name_create method in Odoo is a powerful utility for creating records dynamically while ensuring they are identified by their display name. This method is particularly useful in scenarios where a user needs to quickly add a new record directly from a Many2one field dropdown or other related fields.
PD Deck on AI for Teachers & Educators | Presentation Slides for Teacher Trai...Monsha.AI
32 slides•48 views
To download the presentation in PPTX form, visit: https://monsha.ai/professional-development-decks/
Comprehensive PD slide deck exploring how teachers can leverage AI to enhance classroom instruction, save time, and improve student outcomes. Perfect for K-12 educators, administrators, and instructional coaches looking to integrate AI tools effectively and ethically.
# Key topics covered:
- A intro to Generative AI
- How teachers are impacted
- Ideas to leverage AI for teachers
- Creating personalized teaching resources
- Differentiating instruction with AI
- Streamlining administrative tasks
- Enhancing classroom engagement
- Implementing AI ethically and securely
- Step-by-step implementation guide
- Best practices and common pitfalls
Based on latest research and practical classroom applications, this presentation provides actionable strategies for educators at any tech comfort level. Includes implementation timelines, success metrics, and real teacher testimonials.
# Download to access:
Ready-to-use frameworks;
Implementation checklists;
Privacy guidelines;
Tool recommendations;
Success metrics;
# Ideal for:
Teacher professional development;
Education conferences;
Department meetings;
Self-paced learning;
School-wide initiatives.
Created with love from the Monsha team.
P.S. Monsha is an AI teacher tool that helps you plan your curriculum into courses, units, and lessons, plus create and differentiate resources like lesson plans, assessments, presentations, worksheets, and more.
Learn more: https://monsha.ai/
Start here: https://app.monsha.ai/
I am pleased to introduce Neurology 2025. A comprehensive resource covering the latest advancements in neuroscience. Designed for students, clinicians, and researchers.
#Neurology2025 #Neuroscience #MedicalEducation #Neurology
Dr. Ansari Khurshid Ahmed - Characteristics of Mean- Illustrations.pptxKhurshid Ahmed Ansari
13 slides•129 views
Measure of Central Tendency is an important topic to be taught at B.Ed. level. Mean is a reliable measure of central tendency having some very important characteristics. In the given ppt, some important characteristics of Mean are highlighted with the help of simple illustrations which will be helpful for the students of B.Ed. to comprehend the theory of Mean.
english 9-fallacy---faulty logic, quarter 3MayBenTingson
17 slides•225 views
Basic concept in sociology - Society
1. Group_gee@socio.com * * * * * * * * * *
Meaning and Definition, Types of
society, Nature/Features of
society
3. The term society is derived from the Latin word
‘socius’, which means companionship or
friendship.
Two primary components of a society are its
culture and its social structure.
Society is one of the basic sociological terms. In
simple sense, society is a large grouping that
shares the same geographical territory, shares
a common culture and social structure, and
expected to abide by the some laws.
4. Some scholars are of the opinion that society exists
only when the members know each other and possess
common interests or objects.
‘Man is social animal’, said Aristotle centuries ago.
Man needs society for the attainment of his optimum
happiness and where he can work and enjoy his life.
More broadly society may be illustrated as an
economic, social of industrial infrastructure, made up
of a varied collection of individuals. Members of a
society may be from different ethnic groups.
5. Some definitions of the term “society” are given below:
Horton and Hunt, “A Society is a relatively
independent, self perpetuating human group
which occupies a territory, shares a culture and
has most of its associations within group”.
Maclver and page, “society is a system of
usages and procedures, authority and mutual
aid, of many groupings and divisions, of human
behavior and of liberties”
Prof. Giddings, “society is the union itself, the
organization, the sum of formal relations in which
associating individuals are bound together.”
Pujan Shakya
6. 1. Society consists of people
Society is composed of people. Without people
there can be no society, no social relationship and
no social life at all.
2. Mutual awareness and mutual interaction
Society is a group of people in continuous
interactions with each other. A social interaction is
made possible because of mutual awareness.
Society is understood as a network of social
relations. Thus, social relationship implies mutual
awareness.
7. 3. Society depends on likeness
The principle of likeness is essential for society. It
exists among those who resemble one another in
body and mind to some extent. Just as the birds of
same feather flock together, men have many things in
common. It implies consciousness of kind.
4. Society rests on differences too
If men are exactly alike, their social relationships
would be very limited people differ from one another
in their looks, personality, ability, talent, attitude,
aptitude, interest, taste, faith and so on. People
pursue different activities because of these
differences.
8. 5. Co-operation and division of labor
Division of labor involves the assignment to each unit or
group a specific share of a common task. For example:
Common task of providing the banking service involves
counter services, accountancy, loan lending etc. division of
labor is possible because of co-operation. Thus, divisions of
labor and co-operation have made social solidarity of social
cohesion.
6. Society functions interdependently too
Social relationships are characterized by interdependence
of elements of society. Family is an example of
interdependence of member for its smooth functioning.
Today, not only individuals are interdependent upon one
another, but communities, social groups and nations are also
interdependent.
9. 7. Society is dynamic
Society is not static, but it is dynamic. Changeability is
an inherent quality of human beings. No society can
even remain constant for any length of time. Changes
may take place slowly and gradually of suddenly and
abruptly.
8. Social control
Absolute freedom makes man’s life like other animal
beings. So society has its own ways of controlling the
behavior of its members. For this, society has formal
and informal means of social control. Customs,
traditions, mores folkways, manners are the informal
means of social control, whereas law, police, constitution,
police are formal means of social control.
Rahul Bajracharya
11. It refers to specific social attributes and forms of
political and cultural organization that were
prevalent before the advent of the Industrial
Revolution. Which occurred from 1750 to 1850. It is
followed by the industrial society.
Some of the features are:
Use of simplest technology developed locally with the
help of indigenous knowledge.
They are pro-literate knowledge.
Low division of labor. In pre-industrial societies production
was relatively simply and the number of specialized crafts
was limited.
Joint family structure is prevalent.
Dominance of religious and superstitions beliefs over
peoples day to day life activities
12. Pre-industrial society can be sub divided into
following sub-types:
1. Hunting and gathering societies
It is the simplest kind of society among all
kinds of society. The use of simple tools to hunt
animals and gather vegetation is the feature
of this society. Today just a few remain,
include the Aka and pygmies of central
Africa, the Bushmen of southwestern Africa,
Raute of Nepal.
13. 2. Horticulture and pastoral Societies
Ten to twelve thousand years ago, a new technology began
to change the lives of people. They discovered horticulture,
the use of hand tools to cultivate crops. Human first planted
gardens in the fertile regions of middle east and then in
Latin America and Asia. With the spread of knowledge of
horticulture throughout the world, people inhabiting and
regions, such as Sahara in western Africa found horticulture a
little value. Those people turned to domestication of animals.
3. Agrarian Societies
About five thousand years ago, another technological
revolution was underway in the middle East and eventually
transformed most of the world. This was the discovery of
agriculture in which large scale cultivation using plows
harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources.
Rajina Rai
14. The industrial mode of prediction began some
250 years ago in Britain and from there it spread
to the entire world. In the simplest sense an
industrial society is a social system whose mode
of production focuses primarily on finished goods
manufactured with the aid of machinery.
In society, industrial society refers to a society
driven by the use of technology to enable mass
production, supporting a large population with a
high capacity for division of labor.
15. Features of industrial societies
With the industrial technology, societies began
to change faster and industrial societies
transformed themselves more in one century
than they had during the past thousand years.
Industrialization draws people away from
home to factories situated near energy
sources.
Occupation specialization has become more
pronounced
16. Leads to the rise of very large cities and
surrounding suburban areas with a high rate
of economic activity.
Division of labor becomes over exhibited.
Rapid change and movement from place to
place also generate anonymity, cultural
diversity and numerous subculture and counter
cultures.
17. Society usually refers to group of people who
lives and work together or who share social norms
and values. It is simply a web of social
relationship. People interact in a defined territory
and share a culture. Today the structure of social
has been changed from hunting and gathering
societies and agrarian societies to industrial
society. But still we need society from birth to till
death for the performance of social values norms
etc.