SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Bionics

•Download as PPTX, PDF•
•
V
VennelaNampalli1

This document provides an overview of bionics and bionic implants. It defines bionics as biologically inspired engineering that replicates biological systems through mechanical and electronic equivalents. The history of bionics is traced back to 1958 when the term was coined, with early devices including pacemakers in the 1950s and cochlear implants in 1972. Common bionic implants discussed include those for vision, hearing, orthopedics, and cardiac/neurological functions such as pacemakers, bionic eyes, bionic noses, and exoskeletons. Challenges in bionics include overcoming immune responses, device failures, and high costs. The future of bionics is presented as bridging the gap between

1 of 14
Download to read offline
Name: Miss. Vennela Ambadas Nampalli Class: M.Sc. I Biotechnology 1
INTRODUCTION • Biologically inspired engineering • Replication of biological systems by mechanical and electronic systems. • Transfer of technology between life forms and manufactured objects. • Bionics is emphasizing function found in nature rather than imitating biological structures. 2
INTRODUCTION • Biomimetic - Chemistry of biological macromolecules replicated in-vitro using smaller molecules. • Bionic devices are implants which replace biological functions which have been lost due to nerve damage. 3
HISTORY • ‘Bionics’ termed by Jack E. Steele in 1958. • The earliest bionic devices were Cardiac Pacemakers, developed in the early 1950s. • The Cochlear implant - stimulate hearing, first device made commercially available in 1972. 4
METHODS Three biological levels in nature after which technology can be modeled are: • Mimicking natural methods of manufacture – e.g. The lotus effect. • Imitating mechanisms found in nature – e.g. Velcro. • Studying organizational principles from the social behaviors of organisms. 5
• Bionic implants is the practice of creating and replacing a missing or damaged part of the body with an electronic equivalent. • Bionics industry has flourished along four major areas: 1. Vision 2. Hearing 3. Orthopedics 4. Cardiac and Neurological function. BIONIC IMPLANTS 6
1. Pacemakers - Cardiac - Urinary - Diaphragm 2. Bionic eye - Visual neuro-prosthesis - People suffering from blindness - Second Sight’s Argus II prosthesis BIONIC IMPLANTS 7
BIONIC IMPLANTS 3. Bionic noses - Convert odor into electronic signals. - Detectors in quality assurance - Food and perfume industry. 4. Auditory Bionics - For deaf people. - Cochlear implants, auditory brainstem implants , auditory midbrain implants - Cochlear Limited (Australia) 8
BIONIC IMPLANTS 5. Orthopedic Bionics - Restore motor functionality to physically challenged. - Interface with patient’s neuromuscular system for limb control. - Ottobock (Germany) 6. Robotic Exoskeletons: - Electromechanical structures - Rehabilitation of patients with spinal injuries or degenerative neuromuscular diseases . - Parker Hannifin’s Indego Exoskeleton 9
INDIA ON BIONICS • Need for bionics- Rapidly increasing population, organ failures, injuries, scarcity of donor organ. • Limiting factors-Malfunction or failure of device, High cost. • Cochlear implant developed by DRDO for about Rs 1 lakh while the imported implant costs Rs 7 lakhs. • Retinal implant co-invented by Dr Rajat N Agrawal & retina specialist of US cost to Rs 5 lakhs than the current one of Rs 45 lakhs. 10
CHALLENGES IN BIONICS • Overcoming host immune response • Device failure or defect • High cost • Absolute integration of mind, body and machine 11
FUTURE OF BIONICS • Next big thing in health sector • Bridging gap between biological structures and mechanical analogs. • Respirocytes • Bionic Human- $6 million • Automated Wearable Artificial Kidney(AWAK) • E-skin • Neuralink 12
REFERENCES 1. Janine M Benyus, Innovation inspired by nature: Biomimicry, January 2006 2. JULIAN R. JONES Biomaterials, Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering, Chapter 14- Artificial organs 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionics 4. https://www.biospectrumindia.com/features/17/8692/bio nics-potential-largely-untapped-in-india.html 5. https://openbionics.com/ 13
14

More Related Content

Bionics

  • 1. Name: Miss. Vennela Ambadas Nampalli Class: M.Sc. I Biotechnology 1
  • 2. INTRODUCTION • Biologically inspired engineering • Replication of biological systems by mechanical and electronic systems. • Transfer of technology between life forms and manufactured objects. • Bionics is emphasizing function found in nature rather than imitating biological structures. 2
  • 3. INTRODUCTION • Biomimetic - Chemistry of biological macromolecules replicated in-vitro using smaller molecules. • Bionic devices are implants which replace biological functions which have been lost due to nerve damage. 3
  • 4. HISTORY • ‘Bionics’ termed by Jack E. Steele in 1958. • The earliest bionic devices were Cardiac Pacemakers, developed in the early 1950s. • The Cochlear implant - stimulate hearing, first device made commercially available in 1972. 4
  • 5. METHODS Three biological levels in nature after which technology can be modeled are: • Mimicking natural methods of manufacture – e.g. The lotus effect. • Imitating mechanisms found in nature – e.g. Velcro. • Studying organizational principles from the social behaviors of organisms. 5
  • 6. • Bionic implants is the practice of creating and replacing a missing or damaged part of the body with an electronic equivalent. • Bionics industry has flourished along four major areas: 1. Vision 2. Hearing 3. Orthopedics 4. Cardiac and Neurological function. BIONIC IMPLANTS 6
  • 7. 1. Pacemakers - Cardiac - Urinary - Diaphragm 2. Bionic eye - Visual neuro-prosthesis - People suffering from blindness - Second Sight’s Argus II prosthesis BIONIC IMPLANTS 7
  • 8. BIONIC IMPLANTS 3. Bionic noses - Convert odor into electronic signals. - Detectors in quality assurance - Food and perfume industry. 4. Auditory Bionics - For deaf people. - Cochlear implants, auditory brainstem implants , auditory midbrain implants - Cochlear Limited (Australia) 8
  • 9. BIONIC IMPLANTS 5. Orthopedic Bionics - Restore motor functionality to physically challenged. - Interface with patient’s neuromuscular system for limb control. - Ottobock (Germany) 6. Robotic Exoskeletons: - Electromechanical structures - Rehabilitation of patients with spinal injuries or degenerative neuromuscular diseases . - Parker Hannifin’s Indego Exoskeleton 9
  • 10. INDIA ON BIONICS • Need for bionics- Rapidly increasing population, organ failures, injuries, scarcity of donor organ. • Limiting factors-Malfunction or failure of device, High cost. • Cochlear implant developed by DRDO for about Rs 1 lakh while the imported implant costs Rs 7 lakhs. • Retinal implant co-invented by Dr Rajat N Agrawal & retina specialist of US cost to Rs 5 lakhs than the current one of Rs 45 lakhs. 10
  • 11. CHALLENGES IN BIONICS • Overcoming host immune response • Device failure or defect • High cost • Absolute integration of mind, body and machine 11
  • 12. FUTURE OF BIONICS • Next big thing in health sector • Bridging gap between biological structures and mechanical analogs. • Respirocytes • Bionic Human- $6 million • Automated Wearable Artificial Kidney(AWAK) • E-skin • Neuralink 12
  • 13. REFERENCES 1. Janine M Benyus, Innovation inspired by nature: Biomimicry, January 2006 2. JULIAN R. JONES Biomaterials, Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering, Chapter 14- Artificial organs 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionics 4. https://www.biospectrumindia.com/features/17/8692/bio nics-potential-largely-untapped-in-india.html 5. https://openbionics.com/ 13
  • 14. 14