Longinus
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Longinus was a Greek rhetorician and philosopher in the 3rd century AD known for his literary criticism. He taught rhetoric in Athens and later advised Queen Zenobia of Palmyra before being executed as a traitor by the Romans. Longinus made important contributions as one of the first comparative critics, focusing on individual elements of texts and defining what makes a work a literary classic. His work "On the Sublime" analyzed what creates grandeur in literature and argued that great works not only please or instruct but also move and elevate readers. Longinus believed that a work becomes excellent when it has the power to sublime the reader through qualities like strength, vehemence or inspiration.
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This is said by Matthew Arnold. According to him, IDEA is supreme and in poetry, it is the idea that matters, that are attached by poetry through emotions. According to him THE FUNCTION OF POETRY is to interpret life for us, to console us, to sustain us. He says if SCIENCE IS APPEARANCE then the POETRY IS EXPRESSION and there is no appearance without expression.
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18 April 2025 Current Affairs.pptx explainedDr.A.Prabaharan Professor & Research Director, Public Action
Longinus
- 1. Biography and Contribution of c.213–273 By: Andre Philip C. Tacderas
- 2. critics have disputes among themselves about his name, time and birth place. According to them, he is either or Greek rhetorician and philosopher of the Neoplatonic school He taught rhetoric at Athens He later became counselor to Queen Zenobia of Palmyra; when the anti-Roman policy he had advocated failed, he was delivered to the Romans, who executed him as a traitor
- 3. First literary critic to borrow from a different literary tradition and earning him the title of the first comparative critic in literary history Concentrated on the single element of a text and he is the first critic to define a literary classic One cannot accurately judge a literary work, he argues, unless one is exceeding well read
- 4. Longinus’s ‘ ’ is a critical document of great world and significance that garners an important place in the history of literature When our intellects, our emotions, and our wills harmoniously respond to a given work of art, we know we have been touched by the sublime A well-read critic can evaluate and recognize what is great or what Homer calls sublime
- 5. Before Longinus, the critics believed that the function of poetry was to instruct or to delight or both and if it is prose, its function was to persuade also. But Longinus was not satisfied with this formula.
- 6. He said that the epics of Homer, the lyrics of Sappho and Pindar, and the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophoclea were great not only account of these elements only, but also one account of their sublimity. So a great work of art does not only please or instruct, but it also moves, transports, elevates. It pleases all and it peas all the time.
- 7. He believed “ .” According to him the work of art become excellent, only when it has power to sublimate, By sublimity Longinus means ‘ ’ or ‘ .
- 8. Thus Longinus is the golden balance between Plato and Aristotle, Homer and Shelley, classicism and Romanticism down to Eliot’s modernism. As a critic he displays a rare breath and universality of outlook. Moreover, his mind is free from any prejudice. His judgments are essentially apt. They have been supported by posterity. Atkins says, “ .”
- 9. THE END