Socialisation
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1. The document discusses the various agencies of socialization, or how individuals are taught to integrate into society through adopting dominant norms and values. 2. The primary agencies are the family, through which language, cultural identity, religious beliefs, and gender roles are learned, as well as education which introduces wider societal norms that may differ from the family. 3. Secondary agencies include mass media, which plays a central role in promoting and shaping beliefs through factual and fictional coverage, and informal social controls like peer groups and communities which enforce norms through social approval and disapproval.
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Socialisation
- 1. SCLY1: Culture & IdentityAgencies of Socialisation
- 2. SOCIALISATION: The process by which we are taught to integrate into our particular society, generally by adopting its dominant norms (patterns of behaviour) and values
- 3. The Family (Primary Socialisation) – Our family, whatever its structure, is the first socialising ‘agency’ that we encounterIt is here that we learn language, cultural and religious identity and norms of behaviour as well as gender role-modellingHow are these gender role-models delivered?
- 4. Education (Secondary Socialisation) – Part of the role of education is to introduce us to the norms and values of wider society, which may clash with those of our primary socialisation (e.g. banning the hijab in schools)Talcott Parsons talked about replacing the particularistic values of the family with the universalistic values of societyWhat might these universal values be?
- 5. Mass Media – More important than the old ideas about the influence of working on adult socialisation and certainly more central to the promotion of norms and values than religion in the contemporary world, the media define and shape our beliefs both through factual and fictional coverage (e.g. the changing attitude towards homosexuality)What other norms or values are promoted?
- 6. Informal Agencies of Social Control –The family and community (to a greater or lesser extent) but also peer groupsControl is a response to fear of social disapproval (e.g. low crime rates in Japan)Are these agencies more effective in large or small communities?
- 7. Formal Agencies of Social Control –The policeand criminal justice system, the armed forces and, perhaps surprisingly, schoolsMarxists, like Louis Althusser, talk about a coercive state apparatusCan coercive agencies succeed in exercising social control?