Ferrous & Non-ferrous Metal

Ferrous Metal
 

Introduction

Ferrous metals are those that are magnetic and predominantly made of iron. In terms of hardness, durability, and tensile strength, few metals can compare to iron.

The durability and reliability of ferrous metals are well-known and widely utilized. Skyscrapers, bridges, railroad projects, and cars, among other things, can all benefit from their utilization due to their exceptional features in both the industrial and architectural sectors. 
 

Types of Ferrous Metals: 

1. Steel 

In steel, iron and carbon are mixed to a depth of less than 1.7% carbon. More than around 1.7% carbon in steel prevents it from combining with the iron, therefore the extra carbon is present as free graphite.

Steel can come in a wide range of types because, in addition to carbon and iron, many additional metals might be present.
 

2. Wrought Iron

There are no traces of impurities higher than 0.5% in this Iron, making it the cleanest version available. To add insult to injury, carbon is a part of these blemishes, with its concentration typically falling below 0.12%.

In addition, there is always some slag present in the silicate section of wrought iron.
 

3. Cast Iron

Pig Iron serves as a starting point for Cast Iron. Pig iron, due to its inherent impurities, is extremely difficult to work with and mold into different shapes.

Cast Iron is obtained by reforming Pig Iron in a furnace and pouring it into molds of the required shape.

Cupola furnaces are used to create cast iron. The cupola furnace is a cylinder of 5 to 6 meters in height and 1 meter in diameter.
 

4. Pig Iron 

When processing iron ore, the initial and most basic form of the metal is pig iron.

Therefore, it must be further refined and processed to create Cast Iron, Wrought Iron, and Steel, the most popular Ferrous Metals used in building and industry.
 

Uses of Ferrous Metal:
 

• - Used for carrying liquids and gases
• - Used in the production of urinals, drain pipes, manhole covers, and other hardware.
• - The bodies of several types of machine tools are constructed from it.
• - Pipe and fittings are made from it.
• - Various parts of automobiles, including cylinder blocks, cylinder heads, housings, etc., are manufactured using this material.
• - Automotive wheels, grain-crushing rollers, crusher jaw plates, etc., all make use of this material.

Non-Ferrous Metal

Introduction

Non-ferrous metals are any metals or alloys that do not include significant concentrations of iron. Iron (Fe), often known as ferrite from the Latin word for "iron," ferrum, is the only pure metal that is not non-ferrous.

Aluminum's low density, copper's strong conductivity, and non-magnetic characteristics, and non-ferrous metals' resistance to corrosion also justify their higher cost (zinc). Bauxite, a non-ferrous substance, is used as flux in blast furnaces and so has applications in the iron and steel industries.
 

Common Non Ferrous Metals:

1. Titanium 

Titanium has the greatest power ratio of any metal coating and is also exceptionally resistant to corrosion; it was the first metal of its kind to be identified in 1791.

 It is utilized in a wide variety of industries, from aircraft and automobiles to agriculture and weaponry to medicine and athletic equipment, not to mention jewelry and mobile phones, because it can be alloyed with metals like iron and aluminum to make strong yet lightweight alloys.
 

2. Gold 

Gold, like silver, is a precious metal often used in jewelry and currency because it is durable, shiny, and resistant to corrosion and many other chemical reactions. Gold's high electrical conductivity has led to its application in everything from computer components to infrared shielding to color glass to gold leaf to dental fillings.
 

3. Silver 

Silver's status as a precious metal dates back centuries. Silver is very resistant to corrosion, flexible and pliable when heated, and has the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflection of any metal. 

Beyond its traditional uses in jewelry and coinage, silver has found new applications in solar panels, water filtration, electrical connections and conductors, stained glass, and even specialized candies.
 

4. Zinc 

For hundreds of years, zinc has been combined with copper to make brass and steel for a wide variety of uses.

 There are many applications for galvanized materials due to their increased rust resistance, including guardrails, metal roofs, and chain-link fencing, lampposts, heat exchangers, suspension bridges, and vehicle bodywork. 
 

5. Aluminum 

With its versatility, light weight, and simplicity of machining, aluminium is an essential metal with many practical uses. Aluminum, while pricy, is also used as a starting point for many different alloys. 
 

6. Copper 

Copper's been in use for thousands of years, and it shows no signs of slowing down in the modern economy. 

As copper alloys such as brass (copper and zinc) and bronze (copper and tin) have been developed, the non-ferrous metal's potential applications have been further expanded (see below for detail on these alloys).
 

Uses:

Several commonplace items in the modern home were made from non-ferrous metals. Material choice may need to be made with consideration for how the metal's mechanical characteristics will be affected during shaping.

Alloyed aluminum or titanium can substitute steel in some applications, while rare earth elements, nickel, or cobalt can mimic iron's magnetic characteristics. Several commonplace items in the modern home were made from non-ferrous metals. Material choice may need to be made with consideration for how the metal's mechanical characteristics will be affected during shaping.
 

Difference Between Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals

Ferrous Metals

• -When iron is present in its bivalent state, it is called ferrous.
• -Being composed of iron, ferrous materials exhibit magnetic properties.
• -Corrosion is more common in ferrous metals.
• -Ferrous metals stand out from other metals thanks to their exceptional tensile strength and durability.
• -Iron and steel can be oxidized.
• -The Iron Age began with the discovery and use of ferrous metals.
• -Scrap metal from automobiles, construction sites, and factories are all examples of ferrous metals.
• -Cutlery, cooking utensils, ball bearings, and other such items are all made from ferrous metals.
• -Mild steel, carbon steel, stainless steel, cast iron, and wrought iron are all examples of ferrous metals.
• -Ferrous scrap metal is usually easy to come by.

Non Ferrous Metals

• -There is no iron in non-ferrous metals.
• -There is no magnetic signature on non-ferrous metals, hence they are also non-magnetic.
• -It is easier to prevent corrosion when working with non-ferrous metals.
• -Non-ferrous metals are notable for being pliable.
• -Steel and other ferrous metals can be oxidized, while non-ferrous metals can't.
• -The Bronze Age begins with the widespread use of non-ferrous metals.
• -Aluminium and its alloys, copper, brass, lead, zinc, stainless steel, electrical wire, etc., are all examples of non-ferrous metals.
• -Water pipes, electrical wire, decorative items, soft solder, etc., are all made from non-ferrous metals.
• -Non-ferrous metals are employed in applications where their properties distinguish them from ferrous metals.
• -Recyclability means that many non-ferrous materials are in short supply.

List of Ferrous & Non-ferrous Metal

Ferrous Metals:

• -Cast Iron
• -Molybdenum
• -Vanadium
• -Titanium 
• -Silicon
• -Nickel
• -Manganese
• -Chromium
• -Alloy Steels
• -High Carbon Steel
• -Medium Carbon Steel
• -Low Carbon Steel
• -Non Alloy Steels

Non Ferrous Metals:

• -Copper
• -Aluminium
• -Lead
• -Zinc
• -Titanium
• -Gold 
• -Silver 
• -Tin 
• -Platinum
• -Copper
• -Bronze & Brass
• -Palladium

There is no iron in non-ferrous metals. The aircraft sector, for example, can benefit from their use because of their strength and lightweight flexibility in comparison to ferrous metals.

All steels and other iron-containing metals fall into the category of ferrous metals. Because of their high tensile strength, they are frequently used in the construction of infrastructure including buildings, bridges, and trains. Generalizations about the mechanical properties of different metals are tricky, although in general, ferrous metals are thought to be stronger than non-ferrous metals. Titanium, for instance, is one of the hardest elements on Earth despite being non-ferrous like many other metals (such as gold, tin, and lead), which tend to be rather soft.

FAQs: Ferrous & Non-Ferrous Metal
 

Q. What is Non-Ferrous Metal?

Ans: Metals and alloys that do not include significant concentrations of iron (allotropes of iron, ferrite, and so on) are referred to as non-ferrous metals in the field of metallurgy. Despite being more costly than ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals are frequently used due to their desirable attributes. These include their light weight (as in the case of aluminum), higher conductivity (as in the case of copper), lack of magnetic properties, and resistance to corrosion (e.g. zinc). 
 

Q. What is Ferrous Metal?

Ans: When used to a metal, the word "ferrous" indicates that iron is present in its chemical make-up. When referring to a metal as "ferrous," it is commonly assumed that iron makes up a sizable portion of its fundamental makeup. It is likely the second or third most plentiful element, if not the most abundant. Many metals, including iron, contain just minimal amounts of iron; this is not enough to classify the metal as ferrous.
 

Q. Which are ferrous metals?

Ans: Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, cast iron, and Alloy Steel are common ferrous metals.
 

Q. What are 5 non-ferrous metals?

Ans: Lead, tin, zinc, Aluminium, Copper and Nickel are 5 common non ferrous metals.