Bershad
Bershad
Бершадь | |
|---|---|
 Moszyński Chapel | |
 Flag .svg) Coat of arms | |
  Bershad .svg) Bershad | |
| Coordinates: 48°22′22″N 29°31′57″E / 48.37278°N 29.53250°E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Vinnytsia Oblast |
| Raion | Haisyn Raion |
| Hromada | Bershad urban hromada |
| Population (2022)[1] | |
| • Total | 12,205 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Bershad (Ukrainian: Бершадь, IPA: [ˈbɛrʃɐdʲ]; Polish: Berszad) is a city in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine, located in the historic region of Podolia. Until 2020 it was the administrative center of the former Bershad Raion.
History
[edit]
Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1459–1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569–1672
Ottoman Empire 1672–1699
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1699–1793
Russian Empire 1793–1917
Ukrainian People's Republic 1917–1918, 1918–1920
Soviet Ukraine 1920–1922
Soviet Union 1922–1941
Kingdom of Romania 1941–1944
Soviet Union 1944–1991
The first extant mention of Bershad appears in 1459. It was a private town of Poland, owned by the families of Zbaraski and Moszyński. Polish nobleman Piotr Stanisław Moszyński built a palace complex in Bershad. The only remaining parts of the complex are the park and the chapel of the Moszyński and Jurjewicz families.
In 1648, during the Khmelnytsky Uprising under the Cossacks, Maksym Kryvonis conquered Bershad and slew many of the Catholics and Jews there. Before World War II, the city had an important Jewish community.[2] Bershad was famous in the middle of the nineteenth century for its Jewish weavers of the tallit, a ritual shawl worn by Jews at prayer. By the end of the century, the demand decreased, and the industry declined, leading many weavers to emigrate to America. In 1900 the Jewish population of Bershad was 4,500, out of a total population of 7,000. The Jewish artisans numbered about 500. The community possessed synagogues and several houses of prayer. One synagogue survived World War II and was not closed during Soviet times. It is still active. Many Jews worldwide bear a "Bershidsky/Bershadsky" surname referring to the town.
During World War II, Romanian forces under the direction of the Nazi Germans transformed the Bershad area into a ghetto as part of the Romanian-occupied Transnistria Governorate. Many of the ghetto victims were Jews brought in from Bessarabia. Thousands of Jews were starved to death in the ghetto during the Holocaust, including the writer and poet Mordechai Goldenberg.[3][4]
Sports
[edit]Bershad is home to the football club FC Nyva Bershad.
Notable people
[edit]- Yury Kovalenko (1977–2014), a Ukrainian military leader, Hero of Ukraine
- Anatoliy Matviyenko (1953–2020), a Ukrainian politician
- Witold Pruszkowski (1846–1896), a Polish painter, was born in Bershad
- Roman Shvartsman (born 1936), a chairman of the Odessa regional Association of Jews – former prisoners of ghetto and Nazi concentration camps
- Nadezhda Ulanovskaya (1903–1986), a Soviet intelligence GRU officer
References
[edit]- ^ Cite error: The named reference
ua2022estimatewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "המכון הבין-לאומי לחקר השואה - יד ושם".
- ^ "History of Jews in Bukowina [Volume II, pages 73-74]".
- ^ Kessler, Arthur (2024). Spitzer, Leo (ed.). A Doctor's Memoir of the Romanian Holocaust: Survival in Lager Vapniarka and the Ghettos of Transnistria. Rochester studies in East and Central Europe. Translated by Robinson, Margaret. Rochester NY: University of Rochester Press. pp. 135–153. ISBN 978-1-64825-093-4.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
External links
[edit]- (in Ukrainian) Bershad RADA - Bershad Local Council
- (in Ukrainian) Bershad RDA Archived 2012-04-25 at the Wayback Machine - Bershad Raion State Administration
- (in Ukrainian) Bershad city and Bershad's district - portal of Bershad
- (in Ukrainian) portal of Bershad city - portal of Bershad city
- (in Russian) Bershad. Electronic Jewish encyclopedia
