Lake Stanley

Lake Stanley
Lake Stanley
	Glacial Lakes Chippewa, Stanley, Early Erie and Early Ontario. Low level lake stages during the end of the Wisconsin Glacial era in North America. Based on Larsen map, 1987.
	Lake Stanley
Location	North America
Group	Great Lakes
Coordinates	44°48′N 82°24′W / 44.8°N 82.4°W
Lake type	former lake
Etymology	George M. Stanley
Primary inflows	Lake Chippewa basin
Primary outflows	French River (Ontario)
Basin countries	Canada; United States
Max. length	241 mi (388 km)
Max. width	57 mi (92 km)
Residence time	1850 years in existence
Surface elevation	476 ft (145 m)
References	Lewis CFM, Cameron GDM, Anderson TW, Heil CW Jr, Gareau PL. 2012. Lake levels in the Erie Basin of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Journal of Paleolimnology 47:493-511.

Lake Stanley, also called the Stanley unconformity, is a postglacial freshwater lake that occupied part of what is now the basin of Lake Huron during a hydrologically significant period from 10,000 years Before Present (B.P.). The lake’s surface level was approximately 70 meters below the current lake’s water surface.^[2]

The lake, although geographically smaller than the current Lake Huron, was fed from a large Lake Chippewa watershed that included the basin of what is now Lake Michigan. During this period, the water from Lake Stanley drained through an outlet or outlets adjacent to what is now North Bay, Ontario.^[3]

Research

The lake’s now-submerged shoreline has enabled some research to be done into ecological conditions during this time period.^[2] Research, published in 2009, described placements of stones near a section of Lake Stanley shoreline that could be interpreted as hunting infrastructure; authors O’Shea and Mathews suggested that the stones, now underwater, could have been gathered and placed as “drive lanes” to force or entice migratory caribou into a human ambush.^[4]

Lake Stanley was, however, short-lived. Starting about 8,500 B.P., the geological conditions that had created Lake Stanley underwent a series of changes. North of a geological “tilt line,” the subsurface terrain of the Canadian Shield, no longer weighed down by glacial ice, rebounded and closed off the North Bay outflow. “Rising water in the Lake Huron basin inundated the Mackinac Straits after 8,150 yr B.P.”,^[3] ending the existence of Lake Stanley and later creating the present-day Lake Michigan-Lake Huron lake complex.

References

^ Holcombe TL, Taylor LA, Reid DF, Warren JS, Vincent PA, Herdendorf CE. 2003. Revised Lake Erie postglacial lake level history based on new detailed bathymetry. Journal of Great Lakes Research *29:681-704.
^ ^a ^b Lewis, C.F.M.; Heil Jr., C.W. (13 January 2007). "The Stanley unconformity in Lake Huron basin: evidence for a climate-driven closed lowstand about 7900 BP". Journal of Paleolimnology. 37: 435–452. doi:10.1007/s10933-006-9049-y. S2CID 129166066.
^ ^a ^b Larsen, Curtis E. (1987). "Geological History of Glacial Lake Algonquin and the Upper Great Lakes [U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 1801]" (PDF). pubs.usgs.gov. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved December 23, 2019. At the Mackinac Straits, where a fluvially eroded channel joins the lake basins (page 14)
^ O’Shea, John M.; Meadows, Guy A. (June 23, 2009). "Evidence for early hunters beneath the Great Lakes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (25): 10120–10123. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10610120O. doi:10.1073/pnas.0902785106. PMC 2700903. PMID 19506245.

[1] Holcombe TL, Taylor LA, Reid DF, Warren JS, Vincent PA, Herdendorf CE. 2003. Revised Lake Erie postglacial lake level history based on new detailed bathymetry. Journal of Great Lakes Research *29:681-704.

[Lewis-2] Lewis, C.F.M.; Heil Jr., C.W. (13 January 2007). "The Stanley unconformity in Lake Huron basin: evidence for a climate-driven closed lowstand about 7900 BP". Journal of Paleolimnology. 37: 435–452. doi:10.1007/s10933-006-9049-y. S2CID 129166066.

[Larsen-3] Larsen, Curtis E. (1987). "Geological History of Glacial Lake Algonquin and the Upper Great Lakes [U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 1801]" (PDF). pubs.usgs.gov. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved December 23, 2019. At the Mackinac Straits, where a fluvially eroded channel joins the lake basins (page 14)

[O'Shea-4] O’Shea, John M.; Meadows, Guy A. (June 23, 2009). "Evidence for early hunters beneath the Great Lakes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (25): 10120–10123. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10610120O. doi:10.1073/pnas.0902785106. PMC 2700903. PMID 19506245.

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