Shamkhal Sultan
Shamkhal Sultan, was an important Kumyk[1][2] noble of the second half of the 16th century in the Safavid Empire.
Biography
[edit]Family
[edit]Shamkhal Sultan, alongside his sister Sultan-Agha Khanum, were from a prominent Dagestan origin Kumyk Shamkhal family[3] from within the Safavid Empire. Sultan-Agha Khanum was married to king Tahmasp I, having one daughter known as Pari Khan Khanum, and a son known as Suleiman Mirza.
Career
[edit]Shamkhal Sultan appears prominently on the political scene during the same time as his niece, Pari Khan Khanum, who was born by his sister Sultan-Agha Khanum and king Tahmasp I. He participated actively in Pari Khan Khanum's political designs and acted for a time as her spokesman, and during their presence, the Safavid political sphere was dominated by ethnic Circassians, amongst the other factions that joined Shamkhal Sultan and his cousin. He was executed shortly afterward his niece's own assassination in 1578.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Floor, Willem (2010). "Who were the Shamkhal and the Usmi?". Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. 160 (2): 341–381. doi:10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.160.2.0341. ISSN 0341-0137.
- ^ Kołodziejczyk, Dariusz (2020-08-04), "Daghestan during the Long Ottoman-Safavid War (1578–1639): The Shamkhals' Relations with Ottoman Pashas", Tributaries and Peripheries of the Ottoman Empire, Brill, pp. 117–133, ISBN 978-90-04-43060-0, retrieved 2023-11-07
- ^ Floor, Willem (2010). "Who were the Shamkhal and the Usmi?". Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft. 160 (2): 341–381. doi:10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.160.2.0341. ISSN 0341-0137.
- ^ Savory, Roger (2007). Iran under the Safavids. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–288. ISBN 0-521-04251-8.
Sources
[edit]- Bierbrier, Morris (1997). "The Descendants of Theodora Comnena of Trebizond". The Genealogist. 11 (2): 235, 239–240.
- Beck, Lois (2003). Nashat, Guity (ed.). Women in Iran from the Rise of Islam to 1800. University of Illinois Press. p. 147. ISBN 0252071212.
- Savory, Roger (2007). Iran Under the Safavids. Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–71. ISBN 978-0521042512.
- Parsadust, Manuchehr (2009). "PARIḴĀN ḴĀNOM". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- Newman, Andrew J. (2008). Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire. I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–281. ISBN 9780857716613.
- Savory, Roger (2007). Iran under the Safavids. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–288. ISBN 978-0521042512.
- Roemer, H.R. (1986). "The Safavid period". The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Timurid and Safavid periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 189–351. ISBN 9780521200943.