2010 Australian federal election

Key dates

• Announcement of election: Saturday 17 July^[19]
• Prorogation of 42nd Parliament: 4.59 p.m., Monday 19 July AEST^[20]
• Dissolution of House of Representatives: 5 p.m., Monday 19 July AEST^[20]
• Issue of electoral writs: Monday 19 July^[21]
• Close of rolls (if not currently on roll): 8 p.m., Monday 19 July AEST^{[19][nb 1]}
• Close of rolls (if currently on roll and updating details): 8 p.m., Thursday 22 July AEST^{[19][nb 1]}
• Close of nominations: 12 noon, Thursday 29 July AEST^[19]
• Declaration of nominations: 12 noon, Friday 30 July AEST^[19]
• Polling day: Saturday 21 August^[19]
• Return of writs (latest date): Wednesday 27 October^[19]

House of Representatives

The Labor Party, led by Julia Gillard, and the Liberal Party, led by Tony Abbott, were the predominant parties to contest the election. The smaller National Party led by Warren Truss is in a coalition with the Liberal Party. Following the 2007 federal election, the 150-member Australian House of Representatives consisted of 83 Labor-held seats, 65 Coalition seats (55 Liberal and 10 National), and two seats held by independents. The Australian Greens won 8 per cent of the 2007 vote, and the Family First Party won 2 per cent, with the Greens winning 1 seat in the lower house.

The coalition total was reduced to 64 seats when Rob Oakeshott, former state Nationals turned independent MP, won the seat of Lyne at the September 2008 Lyne by-election, resulting from the resignation of former Howard minister and Nationals leader Mark Vaile. The April 2008 Gippsland by-election, resulting from the resignation of the former Howard minister and Nationals MP Peter McGauran, saw the Nationals' Darren Chester retain the seat, receiving a swing of 6%.^[22] The Liberals suffered a swing in the September 2008 Mayo by-election resulting from the resignation of former Howard minister and Liberal leader Alexander Downer, and came close to losing the seat to the Greens candidate. The Liberals retained seats at the Bradfield and Higgins by-elections in December 2009. The member for Ryan, Michael Johnson, was expelled from the Liberal National Party on 20 May 2010, reducing the Coalition to 63 seats.^[23]

Redistributions

Since the previous national election in 2007 there were a number of redistributions. These realignments of electorate boundaries are regularly undertaken by the Australian Electoral Commission and they maintain similar voter numbers in each electorate. They saw Labor's notional number of seats increase to 88 with the coalition's notional number decreased to 59, with independents in three. The swing required by the opposition to win majority government had decreased by approximately 0.1 percent.^[24]

The redistribution of electoral divisions for Western Australia made the Liberal held Swan notionally Labor, and vastly changed Kalgoorlie and O'Connor, with the former being safer for the Liberals, and the latter becoming more marginal. Kalgoorlie was also renamed Durack. The redistribution also damaged the WA Nationals' chances of a House of Representatives seat.^[25][26][27] Tasmania was also redistributed but, while there were some changes to boundaries, little changed in terms of seat margins.^[28][29]

New South Wales lost a seat to Queensland due to population changes for the second election in a row. The Labor Party suggested the abolition of the marginal Liberal seat of Macarthur, while the Liberal Party suggested that Liberal-held Hume and National-held Riverina be merged to create a new seat called "Bradman" in honour of Sir Donald Bradman. The National Party suggested the abolition of the Labor-held city seat of Banks.^[30] The draft New South Wales redistribution, published in August 2009, proposed that Reid be abolished and that Lowe be renamed "McMahon" in honour of former Prime Minister Sir William McMahon. In response to widespread criticism of the abolition of the name "Reid", the finalised redistribution, published in October 2009, instead had Lowe renamed "Reid" and Prospect replaced with McMahon. Boundary changes also resulted in the Liberal seats of Macarthur, Greenway and Gilmore becoming notionally Labor-held, with major changes to other seats, including Calare, Parkes and Macquarie.^[31]

In Queensland, the seat of Wright was created as a Liberal-held seat based on the Gold Coast hinterland. The redistribution saw the status of Blair change from marginal Labor to a safe Labor seat. The status of marginal Liberal seats Dickson and Herbert also changed to marginal Labor seats.^[32]

A redistribution for Victoria commenced in 2010, but was not finalised before the election was called.^[33]

Senate

In the 76-member Australian Senate, from July 2008 to June 2011, the Labor and Liberal parties hold 32 seats each, and the Liberals' coalition partner, the National Party (including one CLP), five seats. The balance of power rests with the crossbench, consisting of:

• 5 Australian Greens
• 1 Family First, Steve Fielding
• 1 Independent, Nick Xenophon

For a majority, the government requires an additional seven votes from non-Labor senators. If the Liberal Party chooses to vote with the Labor Party, support from the crossbench is not required.

Newspoll

The election-eve Newspoll of over 2000 voters reported Labor on a 50.2 percent two-party-preferred vote.^[35] A post-election Newspoll taken 27–29 August 2010 of 1134 voters revealed 47 percent wanted a Gillard Labor government, to 39 percent for an Abbott Coalition government, while 14 percent were uncommitted. There was no difference between male and female voters. Ages 18–34 and 34–49 were even stronger for Labor, while those above 50 bucked the trend preferring the Coalition 45 percent to 40 percent.^[36]

Poll of 28,000

A JWS Research "mega-poll" was conducted by robocall late in the campaign and published by Fairfax. It polled an Australian record of 22,000 voters in 54 marginal seats and a further 6,000 in safe seats. It revealed a national two-party-preferred vote for Labor of 51.6 percent. Losses in Queensland and New South Wales were offset by the gains of Dunkley, McEwen (both 57 percent for Labor), and Cowper and Boothby (both 54 percent for Labor), finishing with a total of 79 Labor, 68 coalition, 3 independent.^[37][38][39]

Two-party-preferred vote

The graph shows a timeline of the estimates by three main polling companies – Roy Morgan (green), Nielsen (blue), and Newspoll (red) – of the two-party-preferred vote for Labor from January 2008 to 20 July 2010. The pink dot on the left side represents the actual 2PP vote for Labor in the November 2007 election.

Primary vote

The graph shows a timeline of Newspoll's estimates of the primary vote for Labor (red), the Coalition (blue), the Greens (green), and other parties or independent candidates (magenta) from 2007 to 2010. The four dots on the left side represent the actual vote for each party in the November 2007 election.

Newspoll leader ratings

Australian newspapers

House of Representatives

More information Party, Votes ...

House of Representatives (IRV) — Turnout 93.21% (CV) — Informal 5.55%

Party			Votes	%	Swing	Seats	Change
		Liberal	3,777,383	30.46	+0.76	44	1
		Liberal National Party (QLD) [b]	1,130,525	9.12	+0.60	21	8
		National	419,286	3.43	−0.04	6	1
		Country Liberal (NT)	38,335	0.31	−0.01	1	1
	Coalition		5,365,529	43.32	+1.31	72	7
	Australian Labor Party		4,711,363	37.99	−5.40	72	11
	Australian Greens		1,458,998	11.76	+3.97	1	1
	Independents		312,496	2.52	+0.30	4 [c]	2
	National (WA) [a]		43,101	0.34	+0.20	1	1
	Others		148,537	1.19	–0.32
Total			12,402,363			150
Two-party-preferred vote
	Australian Labor Party		6,216,445	50.12	−2.58	72	11
	Liberal/National Coalition		6,185,918	49.88	+2.58	72	7
Invalid/blank votes			729,304	5.55	+1.60
Registered voters/turnout			14,086,869	93.22
Source: Commonwealth Election 2010

Close

Labor and the Coalition each won 72 seats in the 150-seat House of Representatives, a loss of eleven and a gain of seven respectively. Labor retained a majority of seats in a majority of states against the Coalition − New South Wales (26 to 20), Victoria (22 to 14), South Australia (6 to 5), and Tasmania (4 to 0), but fell sharply in Queensland (8 to 21) with a pre-existing minority in Western Australia (3 to 11). Labor won their largest two-party preferred vote in Victoria and Tasmania since official two-party records began in 1949, and in South Australia, their fourth-largest.^[51]

On the crossbench, one member of the Australian Greens, one member of the National Party of Western Australia and four independent members held the balance of power. After gaining the support of four crossbenchers Labor was able to form a minority government.^{[52][53][54][55][56]}

On the crossbenches:

• Adam Bandt won the first seat for the Greens at a general election in the seat of Melbourne. He had previously announced he would align with Labor in the event of a hung parliament.^[57] On 1 September the Greens declared their support for Labor on confidence and supply.^[58][59][60]
• Andrew Wilkie, a former Greens candidate and now independent, was elected as the Member for Denison. On 2 September 2010 he declared his support for Labor on confidence and supply.^[61]
• Tony Crook won the seat of O'Connor for the National Party of Western Australia, defeating Liberal Party incumbent Wilson Tuckey. There was dispute over affiliation, with some classing Crook as a member of the Coalition and including him in their Coalition totals. The WA National Party subsequently issued a statement saying in part, "The Nationals WA as an independent political party are not bound by the rules of a coalition agreement".^[62] Crook says, "In every news report and press report we see, my number is being allocated in with the Coalition and it shouldn't be".^[63] The National Party of Western Australia prior to and for more than 20 months subsequent to the election were in no federal Coalition agreement, Crook stated he was a crossbencher, and that he and the WA Nationals were open to negotiating with either side to form government.^[64][65][66] On 6 September Crook declared his support for the Coalition on confidence and supply, but would otherwise sit on the crossbenches.^[67] On 6 May 2012, it was announced that Crook would join the Nationals party room and be formally part of the Coalition.^[68]
• Bob Katter, Tony Windsor and Rob Oakeshott, all independents, were re-elected.^[5][69] Both Katter and Windsor were successful at previous elections, while Oakeshott was elected at the 2008 Lyne by-election. All are former members of the National Party, a minor party in the Coalition.^[70] However, all three said they would be open to negotiating with either side to form government. They said they would engage in discussion as a bloc but vote individually.^[71][72] On 7 September, Katter declared his support for the Coalition on confidence and supply.^[10] Later that day, Windsor and Oakeshott declared their support for Labor on confidence and supply.^[73][74]

A year after the election, The Age summarised the collective positions of the crossbenchers as one of "no regrets".^[75][76] On 24 November 2011, the Coalition's Peter Slipper replaced Labor's Harry Jenkins as Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives, increasing Labor's parliamentary majority from 75–74 to 76–73. On 21 January 2012 Andrew Wilkie withdrew his support for Labor, changing the majority to 75–73.^[77]

Senate

More information Party, Votes ...

Senate (STV GV) — Turnout 93.82% (CV) — Informal 3.75%

Party			Votes	%	Swing	Seats won	Total seats	Change
		Liberal/National joint ticket [d]	3,740,002	29.40	−1.28	8	17	2
		Liberal [e]	1,092,601	8.59	−0.18	9	16	1
		Country Liberal (NT)	39,268	0.31	−0.01	1	1
	Coalition total		4,871,871	38.30	–1.47	18	34	3
	Labor		4,469,734	35.13	–5.17	15	31	1
	Greens		1,667,315	13.11	+4.07	6	9	4
	Family First		267,493	2.10	+0.48	0	0	1
	Democratic Labor		134,987	1.06	+0.14	1	1	1
	Others		1,310,833	10.31	+5.02	0	1 [f]
Total			12,722,233			40	76
Invalid/blank votes				495,160	3.75	+1.20
Registered voters/turnout				14,086,869	93.83
Source: Commonwealth Election 2010

Close

The Senate has 76 seats. Forty seats were up for election; six in each of the six states and two in each of the two territories. The terms of the four senators from the territories commenced on election day, all other terms took effect from 1 July 2011.^[78][79] The Coalition holds 34 seats and Labor holds 31 seats, with the balance of power shifting solely to the Australian Greens with nine seats, after previously holding a shared balance of power with the Family First Party and independent Nick Xenophon. The Labor government required the support of at least eight non-Labor Senators to pass legislation.^{[17][55][56][80]}

Labor and the Coalition incurred swings against them in votes and seats. The Greens received a four percent swing and won a seat in each of the six states at the election, a first for an Australian minor party. John Madigan (Victoria) of the Democratic Labor Party won a seat, while Steve Fielding (Victoria) of the Family First Party lost his seat. Xenophon was not required to stand at this election but will be up for re-election at the next. Minor parties not winning a seat but receiving a notable swing include the Australian Sex Party (+2.0), the Liberal Democratic Party (+1.7) and the Shooters and Fishers Party (+1.4).^[17][80]