Tilquiapan Zapotec

Tilquiapan Zapotec
Tilquiapan Zapotec
San Miguel Tilquiápam
Region	Oaxaca in Mexico
Native speakers	5,000 (2007)
Language family	Oto-Manguean Zapotecan Zapotec Central Valley Tilquiapan–Yatzechi Tilquiapan Zapotec; ; ; ; ; ;
Writing system	Latin script
Language codes
ISO 639-3	zts
Glottolog	tilq1235

Tilquiapan Zapotec (Zapoteco de San Miguel Tilquiápam) is an Oto-Manguean language of the Zapotecan branch, spoken in southern Oaxaca, Mexico.

Quick Facts Region, Native speakers ...

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Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec is close enough to be considered a dialect, and Ocotlán Zapotec is also close. They were measured at 87% and 59% intelligibility, respectively, in recorded text testing.^[2]

Vowels

More information Front, Central ...

Vowel phonemes of Tilquiapan Zapotec^[3]
	Front	Central	Back
Close	i	ɨ	u
Mid	ɘ		o
Open	a

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Each vowel can also be glottalized, a phenomenon manifested as either creaky voice throughout the vowel or, more commonly, as a sequence of a vowel and a glottal stop optionally followed by an echo of the vowel.^[4]

Consonants

More information Bilabial, Dental/ Alveolar ...

Consonant phonemes of Tilquiapan Zapotec^[5]
		Bilabial		Dental/ Alveolar		Post- alveolar		Palatal	Velar
		Bilabial		Dental/ Alveolar		Post- alveolar		Palatal	plain		labialized
Nasal		m		nː n
Plosive		pː	b	tː	d	tːʃ	dʒ		kː	ɡ	kːʷ	ɡʷ
Fricative				sː	z	ʃː	ʒ
Approximant	central							j
Approximant	lateral			l͡d l

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As with other Zapotec languages, the primary distinction between consonant pairs like /t/ and /d/ is not of voicing but between fortis and lenis (measured in length^[6]), respectively, with voicing being a phonetic correlate.^[5] There are two exceptions to this in Tilquiapan:

The contrast between fortis /nː/ and lenis /n/
The contrast between fortis /ld/ and lenis /l/

Neither is voiceless, but /nˑ/ is pronounced a little longer and /ld/ replaces /l/ in certain causative verbs in ways similar to other fortis/lenis consonantal changes (e.g. [blaˀa] 'get loose' vs. [bldaˀa] 'let loose').^[5]

[1]
Tilquiapan Zapotec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
[2]
Egland, Cruz Ramos & Bartholomew (1978) ^{[dead link‍]}
[3]
Merrill (2008), p. 109
[4]
Merrill (2008), p. 110
[5]
Merrill (2008), p. 108
[6]
See Nellis & Hollenbach (1980)

Egland, Steven; Cruz Ramos, Saúl; Bartholomew, Doris (1978), La inteligibilidad interdialectal en México: resultados de algunos sondeos [Interdialectal intelligibility in Mexico: study results] (in Spanish), México: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, ISBN 9683100031
Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344
Nellis, Donald G.; Hollenbach, Barbara E. (1980), "Fortis versus lenis in Cajonos Zapotec phonology", International Journal of American Linguistics, 46 (2): 92–105, doi:10.1086/465639, S2CID 144452370

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[e18-1] [1]
Tilquiapan Zapotec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[2] [2]
Egland, Cruz Ramos & Bartholomew (1978) ^{[dead link‍]}

[FOOTNOTEMerrill2008109-3] [3]
Merrill (2008), p. 109

[FOOTNOTEMerrill2008110-4] [4]
Merrill (2008), p. 110

[FOOTNOTEMerrill2008108-5] [5]
Merrill (2008), p. 108

[6] [6]
See Nellis & Hollenbach (1980)

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Tilquiapan Zapotec

Vowels

Consonants

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Tilquiapan Zapotec

Vowels

Consonants

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Sounds

Notes

References