Aprilis
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Alternative forms
- aprīlis (alternative case form)
Etymology
Perhaps based on Etruscan 𐌖𐌓𐌐𐌀 (apru), from Ancient Greek Ἀφροδίτη (Aphrodítē, “Venus”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /aˈpriː.lis/, [äˈpriːlʲɪs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /aˈpri.lis/, [äˈpriːlis]
Adjective
Aprīlis (neuter Aprīle); third-declension two-termination adjective
- Of April.
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 25.1.12.4:
- Is et in contione senatus consultum recitavit et edixit ut quicumque libros vaticinos precationesve aut artem sacrificandi conscriptam haberet eos libros omnes litterasque ad se ante kalendas Apriles deferret neu quis in publico sacrove loco novo aut externo ritu sacrificaret.
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 29.14.14.2:
- Eae per manus, succedentes deinde aliae aliis, omni obuiam effusa ciuitate, turibulis ante ianuas positis qua praeferebatur atque accenso ture precantibus ut volens propitiaque urbem Romanam iniret, in aedem Victoriae quae est in Palatio pertulere deam pridie idus Apriles; isque dies festus fuit.
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 44.19.4.2:
- Et ne quid profectionem suam teneret, pridie idus Apriles Latinis esse constitutam diem.
- c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 10.124.2:
- Hoc gestum M. Servilio C. Cestio cos. a. d. V kal. Apriles.
- c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 17.189.4:
- Quidam ita determinant: veterem semel a vindemia ante brumam, cum alii ablaqueare et stercorare satis put(e)nt, iterum ab idibus Aprilibus, antequam concipiat, hoc est in VI idus Maias; dein prius quam florere incipiat et cum defloruerit et variante se uva.
- c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 18.169.6:
- Hoc fit Novembri mense incipiente, postea pauci runcant—botanismon vocant—, reliqua pars non nisi cum falce arva visit paulo ante kal. Apriles.
Usage notes
In Classical Latin, month names were regularly used as adjectives, generally modifying a case-form of mēnsis m sg (“month”) or of one of the nouns used in the Roman calendar to refer to specific days of the month from which other days were counted: Calendae f pl (“calends”), Nōnae f pl (“nones”), Īdūs f pl (“ides”). However, the masculine noun mēnsis could be omitted by ellipsis, so the masculine singular forms of month names eventually came to be used as proper nouns.[2]
The accusative plural adjective forms Aprīlīs, Septembrīs, Octōbrīs, Novembrīs, Decembrīs[3] are ambiguous in writing, being spelled identically to the genitive singular forms of the nouns; nevertheless, the use of ablative singular forms in -ī and comparison with the usage of other month names as adjectives supports the interpretation of -is as an accusative plural adjective ending in Classical Latin phrases such as "kalendas Septembris".[4]
Declension
Third-declension two-termination adjective.
- In medieval and New Latin, the ablative singular can also be found as Aprīle.
Proper noun
Aprīlis m sg (genitive Aprīlis); third declension
Declension
Third-declension noun (i-stem, ablative singular in -ī), singular only.
- In medieval and New Latin, the ablative singular can also be found as Aprīle.
Descendants
- Balkan Romance
- Dalmatian:
- Italo-Dalmatian
- Padanian:
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: abriri, albile, aprile, arbile
- Borrowings
See also
Roman calendar on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
References
- Karl Gottlob Zumpt (1853) Leonhard Schmitz, Charles Anthon, transl., A Grammar of the Latin Language, 3rd edition, pages 31, 85
- Gaeng, Paul A. (1968) An Inquiry into Local Variations in Vulgar Latin: As Reflected in the Vocalism of Christian Inscriptions, page 183
Further reading
- “Aprilis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “Aprilis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Aprilis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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