2018 ballot measures

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2018 U.S. state ballot measures
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A total of 167 statewide ballot measures were on 2018 ballots in 38 states. Of those, 12 were decided at pre-November elections, and 155 statewide measures were on ballots for the November election in 37 states.

Of the total, 116 statewide measures were approved, and 50 were defeated. The outcome of one measure—the Kentucky Marsy's Law Amendment—wasn't certified due to a court ruling. One of the approved measures in South Dakota was overturned by a court ruling in May 2019.

The average number of statewide measures on the ballot in even-numbered years between 2010 and 2016 was 173.

Click here to see election results for November 2018 statewide ballot measures.

Notable topics and trends in 2018

Click on the arrows (▼) below for details about each topic and a list of notable 2018 ballot measures

Elections policy: Voters in 16 states decided 21 measures concerning redistricting, voting requirements, ballot access, campaign finance, and ethics. Six measures in five states concerning changes to redistricting systems, and all six were approved.

Redistricting measures:

In 2018, voters in five states approved changes to their redistricting systems for state legislative districts, congressional districts, or both. Ohio, Colorado, Michigan, Missouri, and Utah featured measures, with Ohio's on the ballot in May and the rest on the ballot in November. In Michigan, Missouri, and Utah, the redistricting measures were put on the ballot as citizen initiatives. In Ohio and Colorado, the measures were referred to the ballot by state legislatures, compromising with the proponents of citizen initiative efforts.

Measure	Description	Status
Ohio Issue 1 (May 2018)	Changing the standards used and the vote requirements to pass congressional redistricting maps	a
Colorado Amendment Y	Creating a 12-member commission responsible for congressional redistricting	a
Colorado Amendment Z	Creating a 12-member commission responsible for state legislative redistricting	a
Michigan Proposal 2	Transfering congressional and state legislative redistricting authority to and independent commission	a
Utah Proposition 4	Creating a seven-member independent redistricting commission to recommend congressional and state legislature redistrictign maps and establishing certain redistricting criteria

Measures concerning voting requirements, election systems, and ballot access:

Measures concerning voting requirements, election systems, and ballot access were on the ballot in nine states in November. Topics include ranked-choice voting, voter identification requirements, term limits, automatic and same-day voter registration, the ability to vote after a felony conviction, the ability to run for office after a felony conviction, and ballot collection.

• Arkansas Issue 2, Voter ID Amendment (2018) a - Issue 2 was designed to require individuals to present a valid photo ID to cast non-provisional ballots in person or absentee. The Arkansas State Legislature referred the measure to the ballot, with Republicans and four of 30 Democrats voting to put Issue 2 on the ballot. It was approved.

• Florida Amendment 4, Voting Rights Restoration for Felons Initiative (2018) a - The committee Floridians for a Fair Democracy collected more than the required 766,200 signatures to get Amendment 4 placed on the ballot. The measure was designed to automatically restore the right to vote for people with prior felony convictions, except those convicted of murder or a felony sexual offense, upon completion of their sentences, including prison, parole, and probation. It was approved.

• Louisiana Amendment 1, Felons Disqualified to Run for Office for Five Years Amendment (2018) a - This measure was put on the ballot by the state legislature. Louisiana voters approved Amendment 9 in 1998 to prevent convicted felons from seeking or holding public office for 15 years following the completion of their sentences. Amendment 9 was struck down by the Louisiana Supreme Court in 2016. It was approved.

• Maine Question 1, Ranked-Choice Voting Delayed Enactment and Automatic Repeal Referendum (June 2018) a - Proponents of ranked-choice voting in Maine collected signatures to challenge a bill passed by the legislature to delay and, potentially, repeal the ranked-choice voting initiative approved by voters in 2016. The veto referendum petition results in Question 1 on the June ballot. Maine voters supported ranked-choice voting and rejected the legislature's bill to delay and, potentially, repeal it.

• Maryland Question 2, Election-Day Voter Registration Amendment (2018) a - Legislative Democrats voted to place the amendment the ballot. The measure was designed to authorize a process for registering qualified individuals to vote at a precinct polling place on election day. It was approved.

• Michigan Proposal 3, Voting Policies in State Constitution Initiative (2018) a - Promote the Vote collected more than 315,654 valid signatures to get the initiative placed on the ballot. Proposal 3 was designed to add several voting policies to the Michigan Constitution, including straight-ticket voting, automatic voter registration, no-excuse absentee voting, and same-day voter registration. It was approved.

• Montana LR-129, Ballot Collection Measure (2018) a - The Montana State Legislature voted to place the measure on the ballot, through the support of 80 of 91 Republicans and one of 59 Democrats. The measure was written to ban persons from collecting the election ballots of other people, with exceptions for certain individuals. It was approved.

• Nevada Question 5, Automatic Voter Registration via DMV Initiative (2018) a - The measure was designed to provide for the automatic voter registration of eligible citizens when receiving certain services from the Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). The Nevada Election Administration Committee, a project of iVote, collected more than the required 55,234 signatures to get Question 5 placed on the ballot. It was approved.

• North Carolina Voter ID Amendment (2018) a - This amendment was referred to the ballot by the state legislature along party lines with Republicans voting in favor of it and Democrats voting against it. It created a constitutional requirement that voters present a photo ID to vote in person. It was approved.

• North Dakota Measure 2, Citizen Requirement for Voting Amendment Initiative (2018) a - North Dakotans for Citizen Voting collected more than the required 26,904 valid signatures to qualify this initiative for the ballot. The measure was designed to clarify that only a U.S. citizen can vote in federal, state, and local elections in North Dakota. It was approved.

Arkansas Issue 3, a legislative term limits initiative, was certified for the ballot but was blocked by an Arkansas Supreme Court ruling. The measure would have imposed term limits of six years for members of the Arkansas House of Representatives and eight years for members of the Arkansas Senate. The ruling came too late to remove the measure from the ballot, but the supreme court ordered election officials to not count or certify votes for Issue 3.

Measures concerning campaign finance, political spending, and ethics:

Five states featured measures concerning campaign finance, political spending, and ethics: Colorado, Massachusetts, Missouri, North Dakota, and South Dakota. All of these measures were put on the ballot through citizen initiative petitions.

• Colorado Amendment 75, Campaign Contribution Limits Initiative (2018) d - Proponents collected more than the required 136,328 valid signatures and met the state's distribution requirement to qualify this initiative for the ballot. The measure would have established that if any candidate for state office directs (by loan or contribution) more than one million dollars in support of his or her own campaign, then every candidate for the same office in the same primary or general election may accept five times the aggregate amount of campaign contributions normally allowed. It was defeated.

• Massachusetts Question 2, Advisory Commission for Amendments to the U.S. Constitution Regarding Corporate Personhood and Political Spending Initiative (2018) a - This citizen initiative was designed to establish a 15-member citizens' commission to advocate for certain amendments to the United States Constitution regarding political spending and corporate personhood. It was approved.

• Missouri Amendment 1, Lobbying, Campaign Finance, and Redistricting Initiative (2018) a - Besides the redistricting provisions of Amendment 1 described above, Missouri Amendment one also made changes to the state's lobbying laws and campaign finance limits for state legislative candidates.

• North Dakota Measure 1, Ethics Commission, Foreign Political Contribution Ban, and Conflicts of Interest Initiative (2018) a - North Dakotans for Public Integrity collected more than the required 26,904 valid signatures to qualify this initiative for the ballot. Measure 1 established an ethics commission, ban foreign political contributions, and enact provisions related to lobbying and conflicts of interest. It was approved.

• South Dakota Constitutional Amendment W, State Campaign Finance and Lobbying Laws, Government Accountability Board, and Initiative Process Amendment (2018) d - The committee Represent South Dakota collected more than the required 27,741 signatures to get the initiative certified for the ballot. The measure was designed to revise campaign finance and lobbying laws, create a government accountability board, and enact new laws governing the initiative and referendum process. It was defeated.

• South Dakota Initiated Measure 24, Ban Out-of-State Contributions to Ballot Question Committees Initiative (2018) a - This citizen initiative banned out-of-state contributions to committees supporting or opposing ballot measures within South Dakota. Rep. Mark Mickelson (R-13), speaker of the South Dakota House of Representatives, sponsored the initiative. It was approved.

Marijuana: - seven measures in five states concerning legalization of medical or recreational marijuana

See also: Marijuana on the ballot

Voters in two states—North Dakota and Michigan—decided citizen initiatives to legalize recreational marijuana. In Oklahoma, State Question 788 legalizing medical marijuana was approved in June. Utah and Missouri voters also decided initiatives concerning medical marijuana in November 2018. In Missouri, there were three different medical marijuana measures all competing with one another.

A measure concerning the definition of industrial hemp was also on the ballot in Colorado.

Restrictions on taxes: - eight measures in six states concerning restrictions or limitations on taxes

See also: Taxes on the ballot

In 2018, voters in six states considered ballot measures to cap, limit, or restrict types of taxes. In Oregon and Washington, voters decided ballot initiatives to prohibit governments from enacting taxes on groceries. Oregan voters rejected the grocery tax ban. In Washington, the measure was ahead by 5 percentage points with 64 percent of precincts reporting.

In Arizona, an initiative to prohibit new taxes or increased tax rates on services was approved. Voters in California defeated an initiated measure to require voter approval for the state legislature to impose, increase, or extend fuel taxes or vehicle fees in the future. It would have also repealed a gas tax increase passed in 2017.

Legislatures in Florida and North Carolina referred constitutional amendments capping taxes to the ballot and both were approved. Voters in Florida and Oregon also considered ballot measures to require supermajorities of the state legislature to increase taxes. In Florida, the measure was approved, and, in Oregon, it was defeated.

An additional initiative qualified for the ballot in California but was withdrawn after proponents agreed to a compromise bill with legislators to keep the initiative off the ballot. The initiative would have required a two-thirds vote of the electorate on all local taxes, including soda taxes. The compromise legislation prohibited local soda taxes until 2031.

Measure	Origin	Description	Status
Arizona Proposition 126	Initiative	Prohibits the state and local governments from enacting new taxes or increasing tax rates on services	a
California Proposition 6	Initiative	Requires voter approval for the state legislature to impose, increase, or extend fuel taxes or vehicle fees in the future	d
Florida Amendment 2	Legislature	Makes permanent the cap of 10 percent on annual nonhomestead parcel assessment increases set to expire	a
Florida Amendment 5	Legislature	Requires a two-thirds vote of each chamber of the state legislature to enact new taxes or fees or increase existing ones	a
North Carolina Amendment	Legislature	Lowers the maximum allowable state income tax rate from 10 percent to 7 percent	a
Oregon Measure 103	Initiative	Prohibits state and local governments from enacting taxes on groceries	d
Oregon Measure 104	Initiative	Requires a three-fifths vote of each chamber of the state legislature to increase revenue, such as via increasing taxes and decreasing tax exemptions	d
Washington Initiative 1634	Initiative	Prohibits local governments from enacting taxes on groceries	a

Medicaid expansion and healthcare: - five measures in five states concerning Medicaid expansion or funding for Medicaid expansion and five other measures related to healthcare

In November 2018, voters in Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, and Utah decided ballot initiatives concerning Medicaid expansion and the funding of expanded Medicaid coverage. The Idaho and Nebraska initiatives were designed to provide for expanded Medicaid coverage to 138 percent of the federal poverty line under Obamacare, but did not concern funding mechanisms for the state's share in the costs. Both initiatives were approved. The Montana and Utah initiatives proposed a tobacco tax increase and a sales tax increase, respectively, to provide funding for expanded Medicaid coverage. The Utah initiative was approved. The initiative in Montana was defeated.

The Montana initiative, I-185, was also designed to eliminate the June 2019 automatic expiration date for the existing expanded coverage in Montana. The Utah initiative was designed to expand coverage to 138 percent of the federal poverty line. In January, voters in Oregon approved Measure 101, thereby upholding 2017 legislation to provide funding for the state's portion of costs for expanded Medicaid coverage through a tax on healthcare insurance and the revenue of certain hospitals.

The Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare, was enacted in March 2010. In 2010, 2011, and 2012 voters in nine states cast ballots on measures designed to oppose provisions of Obamacare. Except for an initiative in Ohio, the measures were referred to the ballot by state legislators. Between 2013 and 2016, no statewide ballots featured measures related to Obamacare. In 2017, voters in Maine approved a ballot measure to expand Medicaid to persons under the age of 65 and with incomes equal to or below 138 percent of the federal poverty line. The measure was the first citizen initiative to implement an optional provision of Obamacare.

2018 measures:

Measure	Description	Status
Idaho Proposition 2	Expand coverage to 138 percent of the federal poverty line
Montana I-185	Extend expanded coverage and increase tobacco taxes	d
Nebraska Initiative 427	Expand coverage to 138 percent of the federal poverty line	a
Utah Proposition 3	Expand to 138 percent of the federal poverty line and increase sales tax
Oregon Measure 101	Upheld health insurance tax to fund expanded coverage	a

The other 2018 healthcare-related measures on the ballot are listed below:

Healthcare measures on the ballot in 2018
State	Measures
Nevada	Nevada Question 4: Medical Equipment Sales Tax Exemption Amendment a
Massachusetts	Massachusetts Question 1, Nurse-Patient Assignment Limits Initiative d
California	California Proposition 4: Children's Hospital Bonds Initiative a
California	California Proposition 8: Limits on Dialysis Clinics' Revenue and Required Refunds Initiative d

Marsy's Law: - six states with Marsy's Law crime victim rights amendments on the ballot

Marsy's Law describes a set of constitutional protections for crime victims that have been proposed and adopted in some states. The model constitutional amendment released by the organization Marsy's Law for All, which closely resembles amendments proposed and passed in several states, includes the following key provisions:

• The right to be notified about and present at proceedings;
• The right to be heard at proceedings involving release, plea, sentencing, disposition, or parole of the accused;
• The right to have the safety of the victim and victim's family considered when making bail or release decisions;
• The right to be protected from the accused;
• The right to be notified about release or escape of the accused;
• The right to refuse an interview or deposition at the request of the accused;
• The right to receive restitution from the individual who committed the criminal offense.

2018 measures:

While five out of the six Marsy's Law measures that were approved before 2018 were citizen initiatives, all six of the measures on the ballot in 2018 were referred to the ballot by state legislators or, in the case of Florida, by the Florida Constitution Revision Commission (CRC).

In 2018, the following measures to enact Marsy's Laws appeared on the November ballot:

2018 Marsy's Law measures
State	Ballot measure	Status
Florida	Amendment 6	a
Georgia	Amendment 4	a
Kentucky	Marsy's Law Amendment	ot
Nevada	Question 1	a
North Carolina	Marsy's Law Amendment	a
Oklahoma	State Question 794	a

In South Dakota at the 2018 primary election on June 5, voters decided whether or not to approve alterations proposed by the legislature to the Marsy's Law initiative that they approved in 2016. The proposed alterations—found in Constitutional Amendment Y—were proposed following a compromise with Marsy's Law for All, which supported Amendment Y.

The $29.7 million contributed to the support campaigns for the six pre-2018 Marsy's Law measures was surpassed by contributions in support of one measure in 2018: Florida Amendment 6. As of September 2018, more than $30 million had been contributed to Marsy's Law for Florida from the Marsy's Law for All Foundation and Henry Nicholas. Nicholas also provided $645,000 to support Nevada Question 1 and $900,000 to support Oklahoma State Question 794.

In Florida, constitutional amendments require 60 percent supermajority approval at the ballot to be enacted. Florida Amendment 6 was a combination of three proposals. The other two proposals related to the state judiciary.

Energy: - four measures in three states concerning fossil fuel and renewable energy

In 2018, voters in Arizona, Nevada, and Washington decided ballot initiatives designed to reduce the use of fossil fuels and increase the use of renewable resources. In Arizona and Nevada, the environmental organization NextGen Climate Action was financing ballot initiatives, Arizona Proposition 127 and Nevada Question 6, to require electric utilities to acquire 50 percent of their power from renewable sources. Arizona Proposition 127 was defeated, and Nevada Question 6 was approved, which means it goes on to the 2020 ballot where it must be approved again. In Washington, electors rejected Initiative 1631, which would have enacted a fee on carbon emissions from power plants, refineries, and other specified emitters.

Voters in Nevada considered a ballot initiative, Question 3, to eliminate electricity monopolies and require a competitive energy market. Question 3 was rejected. Although Question 3 would not have directly affected the use of renewable resources in Nevada, supporters and opponents of the initiative campaigned on the issue of Question 3's effect on the use of renewable resources, contending that deregulation would either increase or decrease the use of renewable resources.

Below are the most notable energy-related measures of 2018. For a full list, click here.

Measure	Description	Status
Arizona Proposition 127	Requiring electric utilities in Arizona to acquire 50 percent of electricity from renewable resources by 2020	d
Nevada Question 3	Requiring “an open, competitive retail electric energy market” and prohibiting state-sanctioned electrical-generation monopolies	d
Nevada Question 6	Requiring electric utilities to acquire 50 percent of their electricity from renewable resources by 2030.	a
Washington Initiative 1631	Enacting a carbon emissions fee with revenue going to fund environmental programs and projects	d

Abortion: - three measures in three states concerning abortion access and abortion funding

The measures in Alabama and West Virginia were put on the ballot by state legislators. The Oregon measure was put on the ballot through a citizen initiative petition. All three measures were designed to move state law in a more conservative direction.

Measure	Description	Status
Alabama Amendment 2	Making it state policy to "recognize and support the sanctity of unborn life and the rights of unborn children, including the right to life" and establishing that nothing in the constitution provides a right to an abortion or requires funding of abortions	a
Oregon Measure 106	Prohibiting public funds from being spent on abortions in Oregon, except when determined to be medically necessary or required by federal law	d
West Virginia Amendment 1	Adding language to the West Virginia Constitution stating that "nothing in this Constitution secures or protects a right to abortion or requires the funding of abortion."	a

Minimum wage: - two minimum wage increase measures in two states

Measure	Description	Status
Arkansas Issue 5	Incrementally raising the minimum wage in Arkansas to $11 an hour by 2021	a
Missouri Proposition B	Incrementally raising the minimum wage in Missouri to $12 by 2023	a

Besides the two measures that were on the ballot, minimum wage increases were brought about partially through the initiative process in Michigan and Massachusetts as well. Proponents ran successful initiative petition drives in those states, but, in Michigan, the legislature approved the measure itself, precluding an election on it and also allowing the legislature to amend the initiative at a later date without a supermajority vote. In Massachusetts, a compromise was made between legislators and proponents of three different initiatives concerning minimum wage, paid sick leave, and a sales tax decrease.

Campaign contributions for 2018 measures

See also: Ballot measure campaign finance, 2018

Ballotpedia tracked $1.186 billion in contributions to the ballot measure campaigns supporting and opposing the 149 certified 2018 measures and $1.16 billion in expenditures by those campaigns. These figures included both cash contributions and expenditures as well as in-kind goods and services. Support campaigns raised about 51 percent of the campaign funds. The 69 citizen-initiated measures featured about 83 percent of the campaign finance activity.

Top measures

See also: Individual 2018 measure leaderboard

The five measures that featured the most in campaign contributions tracked by Ballotpedia were California Proposition 8, an initiative to limit the revenue of dialysis clinics and require refunds; Nevada Question 3, an initiative on it's second and final round at the ballot to require deregulation of energy markets and the elimination of energy monopolies; California Proposition 10, an initiative to allow local rent control; Arizona Proposition 127, an initiative to increase the state's renewable portfolio standards requirement; and California Proposition 6, an initiative to repeal fuel tax increases and vehicle fees that were enacted in 2017 and require voter approval for future gas taxes.

Three of the top 10 measures on November ballots featuring the most campaign contributions in support and opposition were in California, and two were in Florida. The following table illustrates the outcomes of the top ten measures:

Measure	Status	Support	Opposition
California Proposition 8: Limits on Dialysis Clinics' Revenue	d	$18,943,227.65	$111,482,980.16
Nevada Question 3: Energy Market	d	$33,432,598.21	$63,960,356.43
California Proposition 10: Local Rent Control	d	$25,295,590.67	$71,366,691.31
Arizona Proposition 127: Renewable Energy Standards	d	$	$
California Proposition 6: Voter Approval for Future Gas and Vehicle Taxes and 2017 Tax Repeal	d	$5,161,188.80	$46,719,587.54
Washington Initiative 1631: Carbon Emissions Fee	d	$16,398,381.52	$31,591,364.54
Florida Amendment 3: Voter Approval of Casino Gambling	a	$46,151,662.59	$1,769,842.00
Florida Amendment 6: Marsy's Law, Judicial Retirement Age, and Judicial Interpretation	a	$37,252,863.00	$0.00
Massachusetts Question 1: Nurse-Patient Assignment Limits	d	$12,044,919.81	$24,808,566.78
Colorado Proposition 112: Minimum Distance Requirements for New Oil, Gas, and Fracking Projects	d	$1,685,374.63	$31,873,580.51

Summaries of the top ten November measures with most contributions to the support and opposition campaigns are listed below:

Click on each link to see what the measure was designed to do, arguments and endorsements in support and opposition, a list of top donors, and more. California Proposition 8: Limits on Dialysis Clinics' Revenue and Requirement Refunds Initiative d - The support campaign raised $18.9 million—95 percent of which was from the labor organization SEIU-UHW West. The opposition campaign raised $111.5 million—98 percent of which came from dialysis companies DaVita, Fresenius Medical Care North America, and U.S. Renal Care. Nevada Question 3: Legislature to Minimize Regulations on the Energy Market and Eliminate Legal Energy Monopolies Initiative d - The support campaign raised $33.4 million, and the opposition raised $64.0 million. Las Vegas Sands Corporation and Switch were the two largest contributors to the support campaign. NV Energy was the largest contributor to the opposition campaign providing 99.9 percent of the funds. In Nevada, initiated constitutional amendments need to be approved in two even-numbered election years. On the ballot as Question 3 in 2016, this amendment was approved once. The totals reported here applied only to the committees active following January 2017. For Question 3 of 2016, a combined total of $4.35 million was raised between supporters and opponents. The support committee, Nevadans for Affordable, Clean Energy Choices, raised $3.44 million. The opposition committee, No Handouts to Billionaires Committee, received $910,000. California Proposition 10: Local Rent Control Initaitive d - This initiative would have allowed local governments to adopt laws and regulations to govern how much landlords can charge tenants for renting apartments and houses. The support campaign raised $25.3 million—with 91 percent of funds received from the AIDS Healthcare Foundation. The opposition campaign raised $71.4 million. The largest opposition contributions of $8.0 million, $6.6 million, and $5.8 million, respectively, were from (a) the California Association of Realtors Issues Mobilization PAC; (b) Essex Property Trust, Inc., and Affiliated Entities; and (c) Blackstone Property Partners, L.P.; Breit MF Holdings LLC; Blackstone Real Estate Partners (VI Through VIII), L.P.; and their Holdings. Arizona Proposition 127: Renewable Energy Standards Initiative d - This initiative would have required electric utilities in Arizona to acquire a certain percentage of electricity from renewable resources each year, with the percentage increasing annually from 12 percent in 2020 to 50 percent in 2030. The support campaign raised $24.1 million, and the opposition campaign raised $40.9 million. The largest donor to the support campaign was NextGen Climate Action, founded by Tom Steyer. NextGen Climate Action contributed 95 percent of support contributions. The largest donor to the opposition campaign was the Pinnacle West Capital Corporation, which provided $40 million. California Proposition 6: Voter Approval for Future Gas and Vehicle Taxes and 2017 Tax Repeal Initiative d - This initiative would have repealed fuel tax increases and vehicle fees that were enacted in 2017—including the Road Repair and Accountability Act of 2017 (RRAA)—and required voter approval (via ballot propositions) for the California State Legislature to impose, increase, or extend fuel taxes or vehicle fees in the future. The ballot measure committee Repeal the Gas Tax - Give Voters A Voice led the campaign in support of Proposition 6. The Repeal the Gas Tax and allied committees raised $5.1 million, including $467,143 from the California Republican Party; $300,000 from Kevin McCarthy's campaign committee; $250,000 from John Cox's campaign committee; and $250,000 from Protect Prop. 13, A Project of the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association. On July 3, 2018, The Coalition to Protect Local Transportation Improvements, which supported Proposition 69, reorganized as No on Prop 6. No on Prop 6 and allied committees raised $46.7 million. Around $1.2 million was spent on Proposition 69 and local ballot measures, leaving the opposing campaign with about $45.5 million for opposition to Proposition 6. The largest contributors to the opposition committees included the California Alliance for Jobs - Rebuild California Committee ($5.0 million), the Laborers Pacific Southwest Regional Organizing Coalition Issues PAC ($1.9 million), Southern California District Council of Laborers Issues PAC ($1.7 million), Members' Voice of the State Building and Construction Trades Council of California ($1.6 million), and International Union of Operating Engineers ($1.5 million). Washington Initiative 1631: Carbon Emissions Fee Measure d - This initiative was designed to establish a carbon fee applied to large sources of carbon emissions. The support committees Clean Air Clean Energy WA and Fuse Voters raised $16.4 million. The top donors to the support campaign were The Nature Conservancy, the League of Conservation Voters, and Bill and Melinda Gates. The opposition campaign was funded by two different committees: No on 1631 (Sponsored by Western States Petroleum Association) and I-1631 Sponsored by the Association of Washington Business. Together the two committees raised $31.6 million. The top donors in opposition to the measure were BP America, Phillips 66, and Andeavor. Florida Amendment 3: Voter Approval of Casino Gambling Initiative a - The support campaign raised $46.2 million. The support campaign received its largest contributions from the Seminole Tribe of Florida ($24.3 million) and Disney Worldwide Services, Inc. ($20.6 million). The opposition campaign raised $1.8 million. West Flagler Associates, LTD, contributed $1.5 to the opposition campaign. Florida Amendment 6: Marsy's Law, Judicial Retirement Age, and Judicial Interpretation of Laws and Rules a - This amendment was put on the ballot by the Florida Constitution Revision Commission and was designed to do three things: (1) add a Marsy's Law crime victim bill of rights to the constitution, (2) increase the judicial retirement age from 70 to 75 years of age, and (3) prohibit state courts from deferring to an administrative agency’s interpretation of a state statute or rule in lawsuits. The committee registered in support of the measure is Marsy's Law for Florida. The committee received a total of $46.2 million in contributions. Marsy's Law for All Foundation and Henry Nicholas, the founder of Marsy's Law for All, provided all of the committee's contributions. In Florida, a 60 percent supermajority is required for approval of a constitutional amendment. Massachusetts Question 1: Nurse-Patient Assignment Limits Initiative d - This initiative was designed to establish patient assignment limits for registered nurses working in hospitals. The support committee, the Committee to Ensure Safe Patient Care, raised $12.0 million. The Massachusetts Nurses Association provided 96 percent of the support contributions. The opposition committee, the Coalition to Protect Patient Safety, raised $24.9 million. The Massachusetts Health & Hospital Association provided 95 percent of the opposition contributions. Colorado Proposition 112: Minimum Distance Requirements for New Oil, Gas, and Fracking Projects d - This initiative would have mandated that new oil and gas development projects, including fracking, be a minimum distance of 2,500 feet from occupied buildings and other areas designated as vulnerable. Colorado Rising for Health and Safety and allied support committees raised $1.7 million. The top donor was the Food and Water Watch Action Fund, which provided $445,984.00 to the support campaign. Protecting Colorado's Environment, Economy, and Energy Independence—also known as Protect Colorado—was registered to oppose Proposition 112. The committee raised a net of $31.9 million, with the largest amounts from the Anadarko Petroleum Corp. ($6.9 million), Noble Energy Inc. ($6.2 million), and PDC Energy ($5.6 million). The Protect Colorado committee provided an additional $10.8 million in contributions to the Committee for Colorado's Shared Heritage, a committee which supported Amendment 74. Amendment 74 was designed to require property owners to be compensated for any reduction in property value caused by state laws or regulations.

A more detailed leaderboard featuring the top 10 measures in 2018 with the most reported campaign contributions so far is available here.

Top states

See also: State leaderboard

Types of measures

Of the 136 measures on the ballot in November, 64 were citizen-initiated measures, 62 were binding measures referred to the ballot by state legislatures, 7 were referred to the Florida ballot by the Florida Constitution Revision Commission (CRC), and the remaining 3 measures were advisory votes or automatically referred to the ballot.

Of the 64 citizen-initiated measures on the November ballot, 62 were ballot initiatives—which propose new laws—and two were veto referendums—which challenge laws recently passed by state legislatures.

The chart below breaks out the statewide ballot measures certified for 2018 ballots—including the 12 pre-November ballot measures—by type and compares these numbers to data from previous even-numbered years.

Type	2018	2016	2014	2012	2010	Average (2010-2020)
Initiated ballot measures	68	76	40	61	50	59
Initiated constitutional amendments	26	25	8	19	17	19
Initiated state statutes	37	46	27	29	29	34
Veto referendums	5	5	5	13	4	6
Referred ballot measures	99	86	118	125	134	112
Legislative constitutional amendment	66	69	91	98	106	86
Legislative state statute	9	2	5	8	8	6
Commission-referred measure	7	0	1	0	0	2
Automatically referred measure	1	1	1	3	4	2
Bond issues	14	11	15	14	15	14
Advisory question	2	3	5	2	1	3
Total:	167	162	158	186	184	171

Historical context

In 2018, 149 statewide ballot measures were certified to appear before voters. The total number of statewide measures peaked in 1998 at 274. The average number of measures that appeared on the ballot during even-numbered years from 2008 through 2016 was 172. The average from 1980 through 2016 was 192.

Although the trend over the previous two decades had been for fewer total statewide measures on the ballot, in 2016 and 2018, there were spikes in the number of measures put on the ballot through citizen initiative or veto referendum petitions rather than by state legislatures.

• In 2016, 69 citizen initiatives and five veto referendums were certified for the ballot. This was more citizen-initiated measures than since 2006.
• In 2018, 68 citizen-initiated measures were put on the ballot. There were also 16 other initiatives that were either enacted by state legislators or replaced by a compromise between legislators, different sets of initiative proponents, and other interests in the state. Moreover, several citizen-initiated measures were previously certified for the ballot but were removed or ruled invalid by court decisions.
  • Initiatives that were withdrawn, abandoned, or enacted without going on the ballot were in Alaska, California, Massachusetts, Michigan, Ohio, Oklahoma, and Utah.
• From 1980 through 2014, an average of 54 citizen initiatives appeared on the ballot during even-numbered years.
• From 2008 through 2014, this average decreased to 49.

See also: Ballotpedia's Tuesday Count for 2018

By date

January 23

• Oregon Measure 101, Healthcare Insurance Premiums Tax for Medicaid Referendum (January 2018) a

April 3

• Wisconsin Question 1, Elimination of State Treasurer Amendment (April 2018) d

May 8

• Ohio Issue 1, Congressional Redistricting Procedures Amendment (May 2018) a

June 5

• California Proposition 68, Parks, Environment, and Water Bond (June 2018) a
• California Proposition 69, Transportation Taxes and Fees Lockbox and Appropriations Limit Exemption Amendment (June 2018) a
• California Proposition 70, Vote Requirement to Use Cap-and-Trade Revenue Amendment (June 2018) d
• California Proposition 71, Effective Date of Ballot Measures Amendment (June 2018) a
• California Proposition 72, Rainwater Capture Systems Excluded from Property Tax Assessments Amendment (June 2018) a
• South Dakota Constitutional Amendment Y, Changes to Marsy's Law Crime Victim Rights Amendment (June 2018) a

June 12

• Maine Question 1, Ranked-Choice Voting Delayed Enactment and Automatic Repeal Referendum (June 2018) a

June 26

• Oklahoma State Question 788, Medical Marijuana Legalization Initiative (June 2018) a

August 7

• Missouri Proposition A, Right to Work Referendum (August 2018) d

November 6

• See 2018 Ballot Measure Scorecard

By state

Alabama

See also: Alabama 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Amendment 1	Religion	Display of Ten Commandments on state property	a
LRCA	Amendment 2	Abortion	States that the Alabama Constitution recognizes and supports the sanctity of unborn life and does not protect abortion	a
LRCA	Amendment 3	Education and Administration	University of Alabama Board of Trustees Membership	a
LRCA	Amendment 4	State legislatures	Changes legislatively vacancy procedure to allow seats to remain vacant if the remaining term is no more than a certain length	a

Alaska

See also: Alaska 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
IndISS	Ballot Measure 1	Environment	Creates salmon habitat protection standards and permit requirements	d

Arizona

See also: Arizona 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Proposition 125	Pension	Allow for adjustments to the Elected Officials’ Retirement Plan and Corrections Officer Retirement Plan	a
CICA	Proposition 126	Taxes	Prohibits the government from increasing taxes on services in the future	a
CICA	Proposition 127	Energy	Requires 50 percent of energy to come from renewable resources by 2030	d
VR	Proposition 305	Education	Upholds SB 1431, expanding Empowerment Scholarship Accounts program	d
LRSS	Proposition 306	Elections	Designates unlawful contributions from clean election accounts and removes commission exemption from rulemaking requirements	a

Arkansas

See also: Arkansas 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Issue 2	Elections	Requires a voter photo identification to vote	a
CICA	Issue 4	Gambling	Authorizes four new casinos in specific counties to specific licensees	a
CISS	Issue 5	Minimum wage	Increases the state's minimum wage to $11 per hour by 2021	a

California

See also: California 2018 ballot measures

June 5, 2018:

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LBM	Proposition 68	Bonds	Issues $4 billion in bonds for parks, environmental protection, and water infrastructure	a
LRCA	Proposition 69	Budget	Requires certain tax and fee revenue related to transportation be used for transportation purposes	a
LRCA	Proposition 70	Budget	Requires a one-time two-thirds vote to use revenue from the cap-and-trade program	d
LRCA	Proposition 71	Direct Democracy	Changes the date for when voter-approved ballot measures take effect	a
LRCA	Proposition 72	Taxes	Excludes rainwater capture systems from property tax assessments	a

November 6, 2018:

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LBM	Proposition 1	Bonds	Issues $4 billion in bonds for housing programs and veterans' home loans	a
LRSS	Proposition 2	Bonds	Authorizes state to use revenue from millionaire's tax for $2 billion in bonds for homelessness prevention housing	a
CISS	Proposition 3	Bonds	Issues $8.877 billion in bonds for water-related infrastructure and environmental projects	d
CISS	Proposition 4	Bonds	Issues $1.5 billion in bonds for children's hospitals	a
CICA/SS	Proposition 5	Taxes	Revises process for homebuyers who are age 55 or older or severely disabled to transfer their tax assessments	d
CICA	Proposition 6	Taxes	Repeals 2017's fuel tax and vehicle fee increases and requires public vote on future increases	d
LRSS	Proposition 7	Time	Authorizes legislature to provide for permanent daylight saving time if federal government allows	a
CISS	Proposition 8	Healthcare	Requires dialysis clinics to issue refunds for revenue above a certain amount	d
CISS	Proposition 10	Housing	Allows local governments to regulate rent on any type of housing	d
CISS	Proposition 11	Labor	Allow ambulance providers to require workers to remain on call during breaks paid	a
CISS	Proposition 12	Animals	Bans sale of meat from animals confined in spaces below specific sizes	a

Colorado

See also: Colorado 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Amendment A	Constitutional rights and Constitutional language	Repeals a constitutional exception on the ban of slavery that allowed for slavery and involuntary servitude as punishment for a crime	a
LRCA	Amendment V	Legislature	Reduces age qualification for legislative members from 25 to 21	d
LRCA	Amendment W	Elections and campaigns	Shortens language on the Colorado ballot regarding judicial retention by consolidating questions	d
LRCA	Amendment X	Marijuana	Changes the definition of industrial hemp from a constitutional definition to a statutory definition	a
LRCA	Amendment Y	Redistricting measures	Establishes an independent commission for congressional redistricting	a
LRCA	Amendment Z	Redistricting measures	Establishes an independent commission for state legislative redistricting	a
CICA/SS	Amendment 73	Taxes and Education	Establishes income tax brackets and raises taxes to fund education	d
CICA	Amendment 74	Property	Requires that property owners be compensated for any reduction in property value caused by state laws or regulations	d
CICA	Amendment 75	Elections and campaigns	Changes campaign finance contribution limits and requirements	d
CISS	Proposition 109	Bond issues and Transportation issues	Authorizes bonds for transportation projects without raising taxes	d
CISS	Proposition 110	Taxes, Bonds, and Transportation	Authorizes bonds for transportation projects and raises taxes to repay the debt	d
CISS	Proposition 111	Banking	Restricts the charges on payday loans to a yearly rate of 36 percent	a
CISS	Proposition 112	Fracking	Mandates minimum setbacks for new oil and gas development projects, including fracking	d

Connecticut

See also: Connecticut 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Amendment 1	Budget	Creates a lockbox for transportation funds	a
LRCA	Amendment 2	Legislature	Requirements to transfer of state property	a

Florida

See also: Florida 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Amendment 1	Taxes	Increases the amount of a home's value exempted from property tax	d
LRCA	Amendment 2	Taxes	Makes the cap on nonhomestead parcel assessment increases permanent	a
CICA	Amendment 3	Gambling	Requires voter approval of casino gambling	a
CICA	Amendment 4	Suffrage	Restores the right to vote for most people with prior felony convictions upon completion of their sentences	a
LRCA	Amendment 5	Legislature	Requires 2/3 vote of legislature to impose or increase tax or fee	a
CR	Amendment 6	Judiciary	Adds a Marsy's Law to state constitution, increases judicial retirement age to 75, and prohibits judges from deferring to administrative agencies in interpreting law	a
CR	Amendment 7	Education	Requires death benefits for first responders and military members, a supermajority vote for college fees, and adds state college system structure to constitution	a
CR	Amendment 9	Environment	Bans offshore oil and gas drilling and vaping in enclosed indoor workplaces	a
CR	Amendment 10	Admin of Gov't	Prohibits counties from abolishing certain local offices, changes start date of legislative sessions, and adds an executive office and executive department to constitution	a
CR	Amendment 11	Admin of Gov't	Repeals the following: (a) a prohibition against aliens owning property, (b) a requirement for a high-speed ground transportation system, and (c) a provision saying that changes to a criminal statute are not retroactive	a
CR	Amendment 12	Gov't Acc	Prohibits public officials from lobbying for compensation while in office and six years thereafter	a
CR	Amendment 13	Gambling	Prohibits pari-mutuel (a type of betting pool) operations from racing greyhounds or any other dogs for wagering, prohibits persons in Florida from wagering on the outcome of live dog races occurring in the state	a

Georgia

See also: Georgia 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Amendment 1	Budgets and Environment	Creates a land conservation trust fund with 0.75 percent of revenue from sales and use taxes on outdoor recreation equipment	a
LRCA	Amendment 2	State judiciary	Creates a business court and establishes procedures and rules for judicial selection, term length, and qualifications	a
LRCA	Amendment 3	Natural Resources	Revises method for determining market value of forest land and creates a timberland property class	a
LRCA	Amendment 4	Law Enforcement	Adds rights of crime victims to state constitution	a
LRCA	Amendment 5	Education	Allows a school district or multiple districts with a majority of students within a county to call for a county sales tax referendum	a
LRSS	Referendum A	Taxes	Provides for a municipal property tax exemption within certain cities	a
LRSS	Referendum B	Taxes and Housing	Applies existing tax exemption for non-profit housing for mentally disabled to business-financed property	a

Hawaii

See also: Hawaii 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
ConCon	Constitutional Convention	ConCon	Voters determine whether Hawaii will hold a constitutional convention	d

Idaho

See also: Idaho 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
CISS	Proposition 1	Gambling	Allows betting on historical horse races at video terminals in certain locations	d
CISS	Proposition 2	Healthcare	Expands Medicaid under the ACA

Indiana

See also: Indiana 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Public Question 1	Gov't Budgets	Requires the legislature to enact a balanced budget each fiscal year	a

Kentucky

See also: Kentucky 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Marsy's Law Amendment	Law	Provides for constitutional rights of crime victims	ot

Louisiana

See also: Louisiana 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Amendment 1	Elections	Prohibits felons from running for office for five years	a
LRCA	Amendment 2	Trials	Requires a unanimous jury verdict for felony trials	a
LRCA	Amendment 3	Local Gov't	Allows political subdivisions to exchange public equipment and personnel	a
LRCA	Amendment 4	Taxes	Ends the dedication of revenue from the Transportation Trust Fund to state police	a
LRCA	Amendment 5	Property	Allows special assessments for certain homes in trusts	a
LRCA	Amendment 6	Taxes	Provides for a phase-in of certain property tax increases due to reappraisal	a

Maine

See also: Maine 2018 ballot measures

June 12:

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
VR	Question 1	Elections	Repeals ranked-choice voting for primaries and congressional elections by overturning a bill to delay and potentially repeal it	a

November 6:

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
IndISS	Question 1	Taxes	Creates a 3.8 percent payroll tax and non-wage income tax to fund a home care program	d
BI	Question 2	Bonds	Issues $30 million in bonds for wastewater infrastructure	a
BI	Question 3	Bonds	$106 million in bonds for transportation infrastructure	a
BI	Question 4	Bonds	$49 million in bonds for the University of Maine System	a
BI	Question 5	Bonds	$15 million in bonds for the state's seven community colleges	a

Maryland

See also: Maryland 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Question 1	Gambling and Education	Dedicating certain gambling revenue to education	a
LRCA	Question 2	Elections	Authorizes the legislature to enact laws allowing for same-day voter registration	a

Massachusetts

See also: Massachusetts 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
IndISS	Question 1	Healthcare	Sets limits on the number of patients a nurse can be assigned to	d
IndISS	Question 2	Campaign finance and Definition of a corporation	Creates citizens commission to advocate for changes to the U.S. Constitution regarding political spending and corporate personhood	a
VR	Question 3	LGBT issues	Concerns a law prohibiting discrimination based on gender identity	a

Michigan

See also: Michigan 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
IndISS	Proposal 1	Marijuana	Legalizes marijuana for recreational use	a
CICA	Proposal 2	Redistricting	Creates an independent citizens redistricting commission	a
CICA	Proposal 3	Elections	Creates state constitutional rights to certain voting policies	a

Missouri

See also: Missouri 2018 ballot measures

August 7, 2018:

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
VR	Proposition A	Unions	Approval upholds Senate Bill 19, a right to work law; defeat rejects the law.	d

November 6, 2018:

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
CICA	Amendment 1	Elections	Addresses lobbying, campaign finance, and redistricting procedures	a
CICA	Amendment 2	Marijuana	Legalizes marijuana for medical purposes	a
CICA	Amendment 3	Marijuana	Legalizes marijuana for medical purposes	d
LRCA	Amendment 4	Gambling	Changes requirement to manage bingo games and advertising at bingo games	a
CISS	Proposition B	Minimum Wage	Increases the minimum wage to $12	a
CISS	Proposition C	Marijuana	Legalizes marijuana for medical purposes	d
LRSS	Proposition D	Taxes	Increases gas tax, provides tax exemption for Olympic prizes, and creates fund for projects to improve roads and alleviate bottleneck traffic	d

Montana

See also: Montana 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRSS	LR-128	Taxes	Continues a six-mill property tax to fund the Montana University System for 10 years	a
LRSS	LR-129	Elections	Bans all but certain individuals from collecting another individual's ballot	a
CISS	I-185	Taxes and Tobacco	Extends Medicaid expansion, increases tobacco taxes to fund health programs	d
CISS	I-186	Natural resources	Restricts new hard rock mine permits, including water quality requirements for restoration plans	d

Nebraska

See also: Nebraska 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
CISS	Initiative 427	Healthcare	Expands Medicaid under the ACA	a

Nevada

See also: Nevada 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Question 1	Trials	Expands the rights of crime victims	a
LRSS	Question 2	Taxes	Exempts feminine hygiene products from sales tax	a
CICA	Question 3	Energy	Regulations on the energy market	d
CICA	Question 4	Taxes	Sales tax exemption for medical equipment	a
IndISS	Question 5	Elections	Automatic voter registration with the Department of Motor Vehicles	a
CICA	Question 6	Energy	Requires 50 percent of energy to come from renewable resources by 2030	a

New Hampshire

See also: New Hampshire 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Question 1	Constitutional rights	Provides that a taxpayer can bring legal action against government over funds	a
LRCA	Question 2	Trials	Provides a right to live free from governmental interference in private or personal information	a

New Jersey

See also: New Jersey 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
BI	Public Question 1	Bonds	Issues $500 million in bonds for school projects	a

New Mexico

See also: New Mexico 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment 1	Judiciary	Empowers the legislature to pass laws determining the judicial appeal process for certain courts	a
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment 2	Gov't Acc	Creates an independent state ethics commission	a
BI	Bond Question A	Bonds	Issues $10.77 million in bonds for senior citizen facilities	a
BI	Bond Question B	Bonds	Issues $12.876 million in bonds for libraries	a
BI	Bond Question C	Bonds	Issues $6.137 million in bonds for school buses	a
BI	Bond Question D	Bonds	Issues $128.405 million for higher education, special schools, and tribal schools	a

North Carolina

See also: North Carolina 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment	Hunting	Creates a constitutional right to hunt and fish	a
LRCA	Marsy's Law Amendment	Law Enforcement	Expands the constitutional rights of crime victims	a
LRCA	Income Tax Cap Amendment	Taxes	Changes cap on income tax from 10 percent to 7 percent	a ot
LRCA	Voter ID Amendment	Elections	Requires a photo ID to vote in person	a
LRCA	Legislative Appointments to Elections Board and Commissions Amendment	Legislature	Makes the legislature responsible for appointments to election board	d
LRCA	Judicial Selection for Midterm Vacancies Amendment	Judiciary	Creates a process, involving a commission, legislature, and governor to appoint to vacant state judicial seats	d

North Dakota

See also: North Dakota 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
CICA	Measure 1	Elections and Gov. accountability	Establishes an ethics commission, bans foreign political contributions, and enacts provisions related to lobbying and conflicts of interest	a
CICA	Measure 2	Suffrage	Prohibit the state or local governments from allowing non-citizens to vote	a
CISS	Measure 3	Marijuana	Removes marijuana and other products from list of controlled substances and provides for automatic expungement of convictions from legalized controlled substances	d
CISS	Measure 4	Civil service and Parks	Requires free access to state parks and personalized license plates for volunteer emergency responders	a

Ohio

See also: Ohio 2018 ballot measures

May 8, 2018:

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Issue 1	Redistricting	Creates procedures for congressional redistricting	a

November 6, 2018:

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
CICA	Issue 1	Trials	Makes drug possession and use offenses misdemeanors and allocates savings to programs	d

Oklahoma

See also: Oklahoma 2018 ballot measures

June 26, 2018:

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
CISS	State Question 788	Marijuana	Legalizes medical marijauna	a

November 6, 2018:

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
CICA	State Question 793	Business	Allows optometrists and opticians to operate in retail	d
LRCA	State Question 794	Law Enforcement	Expands the constitutional rights of crime victims	a
LRCA	State Question 798	Elections	Provides for a joint ticket for governor and lt. governor	d
LRCA	State Question 800	Budgets	Creates a fund for the investment of 5% of oil and gas development tax revenue	d
LRCA	State Question 801	Taxes and Budgets	Allows certain property taxes to fund school operations	d

Oregon

See also: Oregon 2018 ballot measures

January 23, 2018:

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Outcome
VR	Measure 101	Taxes	Approves tax on certain insurance premiums for Medicaid funding	a

November 6, 2018:

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Measure 102	Housing	Removes restriction that affordable housing projects funded by city and county bonds must be government owned	a
CICA	Measure 103	Taxes	Bans taxes on groceries	d
CICA	Measure 104	Budget	Defines raising revenue for the three-fifths vote requirement for bills raising revenue	d
CISS	Measure 105	Immigration	Repeals law forbidding state resources from being used to apprehend persons violating federal immigration laws	d
CICA	Measure 106	Abortion	Prohibits public funds from being spent on abortions	d

Rhode Island

See also: Rhode Island 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
BI	Question 1	Bonds	Issues $250 million for school buildings	a
BI	Question 2	Bonds	Issues $70 million for higher education facilities	a
BI	Question 3	Bonds	Issues $47.3 million for environment, recreation, and water infrastructure	a

South Carolina

See also: South Carolina 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Amendment 1	Executive Official	Makes the Superintendent of Education an appointed position	d

South Dakota

See also: South Dakota 2018 ballot measures

June 5, 2018:

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment Y	Law enforcement	Changes 2016 Marsy's Law crime victim rights amendment	a

November 6, 2018:

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
CISS	Initiated Measure 24	Direct Democracy	Bans out-of-state contributions to ballot question committees	a/ot
CISS	Initiated Measure 25	Taxes and Tobacco	Increases the tobacco tax	d
CICA	Constitutional Amendment W	Elections and campaigns	Revises campaign finance and lobbying laws, creates an accountability board, and prohibits legislative changes to initiatives without voter approval	d
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment X	Direct demcracy	55 percent supermajority requirement for constitutional amendments	d
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment Z	Direct democracy	Single-subject rule for constitutional amendments	a

Utah

See also: Utah 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment A	Taxes	Changes the time of service required to qualify for the tax exemption	a
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment B	Taxes	Allows tax exemption for property leased by a government entity	d
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment C	State legislatures	Allows legislature to convene a special session with restrictions	a
AQ	Nonbinding Opinion Question 1	Taxes	10-Cent Gas Tax Increase for Education and Local Roads	d
CISS	Proposition 2	Marijuana	Legalizes the medical use of marijuana
CISS	Proposition 3	Healthcare	Expands Medicaid under the ACA
CISS	Proposition 4	Redistricting	Creates an independent redistricting commission

Virginia

See also: Virginia 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Question 1	Taxes	Authorizes local property tax exemptions for flood abatement, mitigation, or resiliency	a
LRCA	Question 2	Taxes	Removes a restriction on a tax exemption for the surviving spouse of a disabled veteran	a

Washington

See also: Washington 2018 ballot measures

Type	Number	Subject	Description	Result
ITL	Initiative 940	Law Enforcement	Requires specific trainings for law enforcement and changes the standards for use of deadly force	a
ITP	Initiative 1631	Taxes and Environment	Establishes a carbon fee and funds environmental programs	d
ITP	Initiative 1634	Food and agriculture and Taxes	Prohibits local governments from enacting taxes on groceries	a
ITP	Initiative 1639	Firearms	Implements changes to gun ownership and purchase requirements	a
AQ	Advisory Vote 19	Taxes and Energy	Advises legislature to either repeal or maintain Senate Bill 6269 which expanded the oil spill response tax to apply to pipelines	d

West Virginia

See also: West Virginia 2018 ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Amendment 1	Abortion	States that there is no right to abortion or abortion funding in the state constitution	a
LRCA	Amendment 2	State judiciary and budget	Gives the legislature authority of budgeting for state judiciary with restrictions	a

Wisconsin

See also: Wisconsin 2018 ballot measures

April 3, 2018:

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Question 1	State Exec	Eliminate the position of state treasurer	d

Local ballot measures

See also: Local ballot measure elections in 2018

Click here to see Ballotpedia's 2018 local ballot measure coverage.

See also

• 2018 ballot measure polls
• Calendar
• Ballot measure petition deadlines and requirements, 2018
• 2018 ballot measure endorsements
• How to find campaign finance information about ballot measure campaigns
• Local ballot measure elections in 2018