GNAS1

GNAS1
Identifikatori
Aliasi	GNAS
Vanjski ID-jevi	OMIM: 139320 MGI: 95777 HomoloGene: 55534 GeneCards: GNAS
Lokacija gena (čovjek)
Hrom.	Hromosom 20 (čovjek)
Kraj	58,911,192 bp
Lokacija gena (miš)
Hrom.	Hromosom 2 (miš)
Kraj	174,188,537 bp
Obrazac RNK ekspresije
	; ; ; ;
	Više referentnih podataka o ekspresiji
Ontologija gena
Molekularna funkcija	• molekularna funkcija; • nucleotide binding; • G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding; • GTP binding; • signal transducer activity; • vezivanje iona metala; • GO:0001948, GO:0016582 vezivanje za proteine; • GO:0006184 GTPase activity; • guanyl nucleotide binding; • adenylate cyclase activator activity; • insulin-like growth factor receptor binding; • mu-type opioid receptor binding; • corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 binding; • beta-2 adrenergic receptor binding; • ionotropic glutamate receptor binding; • D1 dopamine receptor binding; • G protein-coupled receptor binding;
Ćelijska komponenta	• citoplazma; • perinuklearno područje citoplazme; • extracellular region; • transport vesicle; • GO:0016023 citoplazmatska vezikula; • jedro; • citosol; • trans-Golgi network membrane; • membrana; • ćelijska membrana; • heterotrimeric G-protein complex; • intrinsic component of membrane; • Egzosom; • ruffle; • projekcija ćelije; • dendrit; • apical plasma membrane;
Biološki proces	• female pregnancy; • negative regulation of multicellular organism growth; • response to parathyroid hormone; • protein secretion; • positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis; • hair follicle placode formation; • cellular response to catecholamine stimulus; • adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway; • adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; • kognitivna funkcija; • regulation of insulin secretion; • cellular response to glucagon stimulus; • intracellular transport; • positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling; • activation of adenylate cyclase activity; • cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus; • adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway; • sensory perception of smell; • GO:0032320, GO:0032321, GO:0032855, GO:0043089, GO:0032854 positive regulation of GTPase activity; • developmental growth; • renal water homeostasis; • bone development; • platelet aggregation; • GO:0072468 Transdukcija signala; • G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; • regulation of signal transduction; • skeletal system development; • genetic imprinting; • multicellular organism growth; • positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation; • endochondral ossification; • regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion; • post-embryonic development; • post-embryonic body morphogenesis; • Metilacija DNK; • cartilage development; • positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation; • tissue homeostasis; • sensory perception of chemical stimulus; • embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis; • energy reserve metabolic process; • skin development; • embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis; • adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; • GO:0048554 positive regulation of catalytic activity;
	Izvori:Amigo / QuickGO
Ortolozi
	2778
	14683
	ENSG00000087460
	ENSMUSG00000027523
	O95467; P63092; P84996; Q5JWF2
	P63094; Q6R0H7; Q9Z0F1; Q6R0H6
NM_000516; NM_001077488; NM_001077489; NM_001077490; NM_001309840;
	NM_001309842; NM_001309861; NM_001309883; NM_016592; NM_080425; NM_080426
NM_001077507; NM_001077510; NM_010309; NM_010310; NM_019690;
	NM_022000; NM_201616; NM_201617; NM_201618; NM_001310083; NM_001310085; NM_001364030
NP_000507; NP_001070956; NP_001070957; NP_001070958; NP_001296769;
	NP_001296771; NP_001296790; NP_001296812; NP_057676; NP_536350; NP_536351; NP_000507.1; NP_001070956.1; NP_001070957.1; NP_001070958.1; NP_001296769.1; NP_536350.2; NP_536351.1; NP_001070958.1; NP_001296812.1; NP_001296812.1; NP_536350.2
NP_001070975; NP_001070978; NP_001297012; NP_001297014; NP_034439;
	NP_062664; NP_068840; NP_963910; NP_963911; NP_963912; NP_001350959; NP_001070975.1; NP_001297014.1; NP_034439.2; NP_963911.1; NP_062664.2; NP_068840.2; NP_001070975.1; NP_001297014.1; NP_963911.1; NP_963912.1
	Wikipodaci
Pogledaj/uredi – čovjek	Pogledaj/uredi – miš

Podjedinica G_s alfa (G_αs, G_sα) jest podjedinica heterotrimernog G-proteina G_s koji stimulira cAMP-ovisni put, aktiviranjem adenilil-ciklaza. G_sα jest GTPaza koja djeluje kao ćelijski signalni protein.

G_sα je osnovni član jedne od četiri porodice heterotrimernih G-proteina, definiranih pomoću alfa podjedinice koje sadrže: porodica G_αs, porodica G_αi/G_αo, porodica G_αq i porodica G_α12/G_α13.^[5] Porodica Gs ima samo dva člana: drugi član je G_olf, nazvan zbog svog prevladavajućeg ispoljavanja u mirisnom sistemu. Kod ljudi, G_s α kodiran GNAS kompleksnim lokusom, dok je G_olf α kodiran genom GNAL.

Funkcija

Opća funkcija G_s je aktiviranje unutarćelijskih signalnih puteva, kao odgovor na aktivaciju površine ćelije G-protein spregnutog receptora. GPCR funkcioniraju kao dio trokomponentnog sistema receptora-pretvarača-efektora.^[6]^[7] Pretvarač u ovom sistemu je heterotrimerni G-protein, sastavljen od tri podjedinice: proteina Gα, kao što je G_sα i kompleksa dva čvrsto povezana proteina zvana Gβ i Gγ u Gβγ kompleksa.^[6]^[7] Kada ga receptor ne stimulira, Gα je vezan za GDP i za Gβγ, kako bi se stvorio neaktivni trimer G-proteina.^[6]^[7] Kada receptor veže aktivirajući ligand izvan ćelije (kao što su hormon ili neurotransmiter), aktivirani receptor djeluje kao faktor izmjene nukleotidnog guanina da pospješi oslobađanje BDP-a i GTP vezanjem za Gα, što pokreće disocijaciju GTP-vezanog Gα iz Gβγ.^[6]^[7] Konkretno, aktivirani G_s α vezani za GTP vežu se za adeninlil-ciklazu da bi proizveli drugi glasnik, cAMP, koji zauzvrat aktivira cAMP-ovisnu protein kinazu (naziva se i proteinska kinaza A ili PKA).^[6]^[7] Ćelijski efekti G_s α koji djeluju pomoću PKA, opisani su ovdje. Iako svaki G_sα vezan za GTP može aktivirati samo jedan enzim adenilil-ciklaze, pojačava se signal, jer jedan receptor može aktivirati više kopija G_s, dok taj receptor ostaje vezan do aktiviranja njegovog agonista i svaki enzim G_sa-vezana adenilil-ciklaza može generirati značajan cAMP za aktiviranje mnogih kopija PKA.^[8]

Receptori

G-protein spregnuti receptori koji se spajaju sa proteinima porodice G_s uključuju:

Receptor 5-HT tip 5-HT₄ i 5-HT₇
ACTH receptor aka MC2R
Adenozinski receptor tipovi A_2a i A_2b
Argininski vazopresin receptor 2
β-adrenergički receptori, tipovi β₁, β₂ i β₃
Kalcitoninski receptor
Peptidni receptor povezan sa genom kalcitonina
Kanabinoidni receptor 2^[9]
Receptor kortikotropin-otpuštajućeg hormona
Dopaminski receptori porodica D₁-olikih proteina (D₁ i D₅), pretežno preko G_olf u strijatumu
FSH-receptor
Želučani inhibitorni polipeptidni receptor
Glukagonski receptor
Receptor hormona otpuštanja hormona rasta
Histaminski H₂ receptor
Luteinizirajući hormon / horiogonadotropinski receptor
Melanokortinski receptori: MC1R, MC2R (poznat kao ACTH receptor), MC3R, MC4R, MC5R
Olfaktorni receptori, preko G_olf u olfaktornom neuronu
Receptor paratiroidnog hormona 1
Prostaglandinski receptor tipovi D₂ i I₂
Sekretinski receptor
Tirotropinski receptor
Trag amin-povezanog receptora 1

Također pogledajte

Reference

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000087460 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027523 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Ellis C, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery GPCR Questionnaire Participants (juli 2004). "The state of GPCR research in 2004". Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 3 (7): 575, 577–626. doi:10.1038/nrd1458. PMID 15272499.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Gilman AG (1987). "G proteins: transducers of receptor-generated signals". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 56: 615–649. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.003151. PMID 3113327. S2CID 33992382.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Rodbell M (1995). "Nobel Lecture: Signal transduction: Evolution of an idea". Bioscience Reports. 15 (3): 117–133. doi:10.1007/bf01207453. PMID 7579038. S2CID 11025853.
^ Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia AS, White LE, ured. (2007). Neuroscience (4th izd.). New York: W. H. Freeman. str. 155. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.
^ Saroz, Yurii; Kho, Dan T.; Glass, Michelle; Graham, Euan Scott; Grimsey, Natasha Lillia (19. 10. 2019). "Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB 2 ) Signals via G-alpha-s and Induces IL-6 and IL-10 Cytokine Secretion in Human Primary Leukocytes". ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science (jezik: engleski). 2 (6): 414–428. doi:10.1021/acsptsci.9b00049. ISSN 2575-9108.

Vanjski linkovi

G(s)alpha na US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
GNAS protein, human na US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
P63092

Šablon:Unutarćelijski signalni peptidi i proteini Šablon:Anhidridne kisele hidrolaze

Portal Biologija

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000087460 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027523 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid15272499-5] Ellis C, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery GPCR Questionnaire Participants (juli 2004). "The state of GPCR research in 2004". Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 3 (7): 575, 577–626. doi:10.1038/nrd1458. PMID 15272499.

[pmid3113327-6] Gilman AG (1987). "G proteins: transducers of receptor-generated signals". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 56: 615–649. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.003151. PMID 3113327. S2CID 33992382.

[pmid7579038-7] Rodbell M (1995). "Nobel Lecture: Signal transduction: Evolution of an idea". Bioscience Reports. 15 (3): 117–133. doi:10.1007/bf01207453. PMID 7579038. S2CID 11025853.

[neuro155-8] Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia AS, White LE, ured. (2007). Neuroscience (4th izd.). New York: W. H. Freeman. str. 155. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.

[9] Saroz, Yurii; Kho, Dan T.; Glass, Michelle; Graham, Euan Scott; Grimsey, Natasha Lillia (19. 10. 2019). "Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB 2 ) Signals via G-alpha-s and Induces IL-6 and IL-10 Cytokine Secretion in Human Primary Leukocytes". ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science (jezik: engleski). 2 (6): 414–428. doi:10.1021/acsptsci.9b00049. ISSN 2575-9108.

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p r u Enzimi
Teme	Aktivno mjesto Alosterna regulacija Difuzijski limitirani enzim EC broj Enzimska kataliza Inhibicija enzimskih reakcija Kinetika enzima Koenzim Kooperativnost Lineweaver–Burkov dijagram Michaelis–Mentenova kinetika Mjesto vezanja Spisak enzima
Tipovi	EC1 Oksidoreduktaze/spisak EC2 Transferaze/spisak EC3 Hidrolaze/spisak EC4 Lijaze/spisak EC5 Izomeraze/spisak EC6 Ligaze/spisak