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{{Infobox political party
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[[Delwedd:Flag of Hamas.svg|200px|bawd|Baner Hamas]]
|country = Palestine
|name_english = Hamas
|name_native = ''{{lang|ar|<big>حركة المقاومة الاسلامية</big>}}''
|colorcode = {{Hamas/meta/color}}
|party_logo = [[File:Flag of Hamas.svg|230px]]
|leader1_title = Arweinydd
|leader1_name = [[Khaled Mashal]]<ref name="Conflict">{{cite news|title=Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya (Hamas)|publisher=Transnational and non state armed groups. Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research Harvard University|year=2008|accessdate=February 7, 2009|url=http://www.armed-groups.org/6/section.aspx/ViewGroup?id=57}}</ref><ref name="politburo">{{cite news |url=http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=210134|title=''Mash'al reelected leader of Hamas politburo''|publisher=Ma'an news agency|date=27 Ebrill 2009}}</ref>
|leader2_title = Dirprwy Arweinydd
|leader2_name = [[Mousa Mohammed Abu Marzook|Mousa Abu Marzouq]]<ref name="Conflict"/><ref name="politburo"/>
|foundation = {{Start date|1987}}<ref name="WSJ">{{cite news|last=Higgins|first=Andrew|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/NA_WSJ_PUB:SB123275572295011847.html|title=''How Israel Helped to Spawn Hamas''|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=24 Ionawr 2009|accessdate=24 Awst 2010}}</ref>
|founder = [[Sheikh Ahmed Yassin]], [[Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi]] & [[Mahmoud Zahar]]
|ideology = [[Palestinian self-determination]]<br>[[Sunni]] [[Islamism]],<ref name="islamism">
* [http://merln.ndu.edu/archive/icg/Islamism2Mar05.pdf "Understanding Islamism"], Cris is Group Middle East/North Africa Report N°37, March 2, 2005
* "The New Hamas: Between Resistance and Participation". ''Middle East Report''. Graham Usher, August 21, 2005
* {{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/homepageCrisis/idUSL23611943._CH_.2400|title=Hamas leader condemns Islamist charity blacklist|date=August 23, 2007|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=January 28, 2009}}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article2641289.ece|title=Islamist leader hints at Hamas pull-out from Gaza|last=Hider|first=James|date=October 12, 2007|work=The Times|accessdate=January 28, 2009|location=London}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/8968/#p5|title=Council on Foreign Relations|publisher=Council on Foreign Relations|accessdate=May 27, 2010}}
</ref><br>[[Islamic fundamentalism]],<ref name="fundamentalism">
* ''Islamic fundamentalism in the West Bank and Gaza: Muslim Brotherhood and Islamic Jihad'', by Ziyād Abū 'Amr, Indiana University Press, 1994, pp. 66–72
* ''Anti-Semitic Motifs in the Ideology of Hizballah and Hamas'', Esther Webman, Project for the Study of Anti-Semitism, 1994. ISBN 978-965-222-592-4
</ref> [[Palestinian nationalism]], [[Palestinianism]]
|religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
|predecessor = Palestinian [[Muslim Brotherhood]]
|headquarters =
*[[Gaza City|Gaza]], [[Palestinian territories]]
*[[Doha]], [[Qatar]] (residence of Hamas chairman)
|international = [[Muslim Brotherhood]]
|seats1_title = Cyngor Cyfreithiol Palesteina
|seats1 = {{Infobox political party/seats|74|132|hex={{Hamas/meta/color}}}}
|website = {{URL|1=hamasinfo.net|2=hamasinfo.net}}
⚫
|flag = [[File:Flag of Hamas.svg|200px]]
}}
Mudiad [[Palesteiniaid]] [[Islam]]aidd [[Sunni]] yw '''Hamas''' (llythrennol: "Brwdfrydedd"). Mae'r enw'n tarddu o'r blaen-lythrennau حركة المقاومة الاسلامية, sef '''Ḥarakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya''' "Y Mudiad Gwrthsafiad Islamaidd"). Gan y blaid hon mae mwyafrif y seddau ar gyngor [[Awdurdod Cenedlaethol Palesteina]],<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4650788.stm "Hamas sweeps to election victory", BBC News.]</ref> ac sydd felly'n llywodraethu'r [[Llain Gaza]]. Fe'u hetholwyd yn Ionawr 2006. Mae [[Israel]], [[yr Unol Daleithiau]]<ref name=SD1>[http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/65462.pdf "Country reports on terrorism 2005"], [[United States Department of State]]. Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism. US Dept. of State Publication 11324. Ebrill 2006. tud 196</ref> Canada,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/prg/ns/le/cle-eng.aspx |title=Currently listed entities |publisher=Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness |date=November 22, 2012 |accessdate= }}</ref> [[yr Undeb Ewropeaidd]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3100518.stm |title=EU blacklists Hamas political wing |publisher=BBC News |date=Medi 11, 2003 |accessdate= }}</ref> a [[Japan]] yn disgrifio Hamas fel [[mudiad terfysgol]],<ref name="intp">[http://www.intifada-palestine.com/2010/07/if-hamas-is-a-terrorist-organization-what-does-that-make-israel/ If HAMAS is a Terrorist Organization, What Does That Make Israel?] Intifada: The Voice of Palestine. 11 Gorffennaf 2010</ref> ond mae [[Rwsia]], [[Twrci]]<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20110126175319/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10236884 Gaza flotilla: Turkey threat to Israel ties over raid] BBC News. 4 Mehefin, 2010</ref> y gwledydd [[Arab]]aidd, [[Iran]] ac eraill yn gwrthod gwneud hynny.<ref>[http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2007/06/how-to-confront-russias-anti-american-foreign-policy/ How to Confront Russia's Anti-American Foreign Policy] The Heritage Foundation. June 27, 2007</ref>. Mae [[Awstralia]] <ref>[http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/agd/www/nationalsecurity.nsf/AllDocs/95FB057CA3DECF30CA256FAB001F7FBD?OpenDocument Gwefan Llywodraeth Awstralia]</ref> a'r [[DU]] <ref>[http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/security/terrorism-and-the-law/terrorism-act/proscribed-groups Gwefan y Llywodraeth Brydeinig]</ref> yn nodi mai dim ond adain filwrol Hamas, sy'n fudiad terfysgol.
Mudiad [[Palesteiniaid]] [[Islam]]aidd [[Sunni]] yw '''Hamas''' (llythrennol: "Brwdfrydedd"). Mae'r enw'n tarddu o'r blaen-lythrennau حركة المقاومة الاسلامية, sef '''Ḥarakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya''' "Y Mudiad Gwrthsafiad Islamaidd"). Gan y blaid hon mae mwyafrif y seddau ar gyngor [[Awdurdod Cenedlaethol Palesteina]],<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4650788.stm "Hamas sweeps to election victory", BBC News.]</ref> ac sydd felly'n llywodraethu'r [[Llain Gaza]]. Fe'u hetholwyd yn Ionawr 2006. Mae [[Israel]], [[yr Unol Daleithiau]]<ref name=SD1>[http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/65462.pdf "Country reports on terrorism 2005"], [[United States Department of State]]. Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism. US Dept. of State Publication 11324. Ebrill 2006. tud 196</ref> Canada,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/prg/ns/le/cle-eng.aspx |title=Currently listed entities |publisher=Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness |date=November 22, 2012 |accessdate= }}</ref> [[yr Undeb Ewropeaidd]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3100518.stm |title=EU blacklists Hamas political wing |publisher=BBC News |date=Medi 11, 2003 |accessdate= }}</ref> a [[Japan]] yn disgrifio Hamas fel [[mudiad terfysgol]],<ref name="intp">[http://www.intifada-palestine.com/2010/07/if-hamas-is-a-terrorist-organization-what-does-that-make-israel/ If HAMAS is a Terrorist Organization, What Does That Make Israel?] Intifada: The Voice of Palestine. 11 Gorffennaf 2010</ref> ond mae [[Rwsia]], [[Twrci]]<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20110126175319/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10236884 Gaza flotilla: Turkey threat to Israel ties over raid] BBC News. 4 Mehefin, 2010</ref> y gwledydd [[Arab]]aidd, [[Iran]] ac eraill yn gwrthod gwneud hynny.<ref>[http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2007/06/how-to-confront-russias-anti-american-foreign-policy/ How to Confront Russia's Anti-American Foreign Policy] The Heritage Foundation. June 27, 2007</ref>. Mae [[Awstralia]] <ref>[http://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/agd/www/nationalsecurity.nsf/AllDocs/95FB057CA3DECF30CA256FAB001F7FBD?OpenDocument Gwefan Llywodraeth Awstralia]</ref> a'r [[DU]] <ref>[http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/security/terrorism-and-the-law/terrorism-act/proscribed-groups Gwefan y Llywodraeth Brydeinig]</ref> yn nodi mai dim ond adain filwrol Hamas, sy'n fudiad terfysgol.
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[[Delwedd:Bethlehem-hamasrally.JPG|250px|bawd|chwith|Rali gan Hamas ym [[Bethlehem|Methlehem]], 2006]]


Sefydlwyd Hamas yn 1987 gan [[Ahmed Yassin]] a [[Mohammad Taha]] ar gychwyn yr [[Intifada Cyntaf]] ar y [[Lan Orllewinol]]. Mae Hamas yn tarddu o'r anfodlonrwydd ag arweinyddiaeth y [[PLO]] yn y cyfnod hwnnw. Tyfodd o'r mudiad [[Mujama]], plaid wleidyddol a gefnogwyd gan Israel ar y dechrau fel gwrthbwys i'r PLO. Daeth Hamas i rym yn Ionawr 2006 gan ennill mwyafrif y gynrycholiaeth ar [[Awdurdod Cenedlaethol Palesteina]] a threchu'r PLO a [[Fatah]].
Sefydlwyd Hamas yn 1987 gan [[Ahmed Yassin]] a [[Mohammad Taha]] ar gychwyn yr [[Intifada Cyntaf]] ar y [[Lan Orllewinol]]. Mae Hamas yn tarddu o'r anfodlonrwydd ag arweinyddiaeth y [[PLO]] yn y cyfnod hwnnw. Tyfodd o'r mudiad [[Mujama]], plaid wleidyddol a gefnogwyd gan Israel ar y dechrau fel gwrthbwys i'r PLO. Daeth Hamas i rym yn Ionawr 2006 gan ennill mwyafrif y gynrycholiaeth ar [[Awdurdod Cenedlaethol Palesteina]] a threchu'r PLO a [[Fatah]].
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==Cyfeiriadau==
==Cyfeiriadau==
{{cyfeiriadau|2}}
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[[Delwedd:Bethlehem-hamasrally.JPG|250px|bawd|Rali gan Hamas ym [[Bethlehem|Methlehem]], 2006]]
<references/>


==Dolenni allanol==
==Dolenni allanol==

Fersiwn yn ôl 16:41, 18 Gorffennaf 2014

Hamas
حركة المقاومة الاسلامية
SefydlyddSheikh Ahmed Yassin, Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi & Mahmoud Zahar
ArweinyddKhaled Mashal[1][2]
Dirprwy ArweinyddMousa Abu Marzouq[1][2]
Sefydlwyd1987 (1987)[3]
Rhagflaenwyd ganPalestinian Muslim Brotherhood
Pencadlys
Rhestr o idiolegauPalestinian self-determination
Sunni Islamism,[4]
Islamic fundamentalism,[5] Palestinian nationalism, Palestinianism
CrefyddSunni Islam
Partner rhyngwladolMuslim Brotherhood
Cyngor Cyfreithiol Palesteina
74 / 132
Gwefan
hamasinfo.net
Baner y blaid

Mudiad Palesteiniaid Islamaidd Sunni yw Hamas (llythrennol: "Brwdfrydedd"). Mae'r enw'n tarddu o'r blaen-lythrennau حركة المقاومة الاسلامية, sef Ḥarakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya "Y Mudiad Gwrthsafiad Islamaidd"). Gan y blaid hon mae mwyafrif y seddau ar gyngor Awdurdod Cenedlaethol Palesteina,[6] ac sydd felly'n llywodraethu'r Llain Gaza. Fe'u hetholwyd yn Ionawr 2006. Mae Israel, yr Unol Daleithiau[7] Canada,[8] yr Undeb Ewropeaidd,[9] a Japan yn disgrifio Hamas fel mudiad terfysgol,[10] ond mae Rwsia, Twrci[11] y gwledydd Arabaidd, Iran ac eraill yn gwrthod gwneud hynny.[12]. Mae Awstralia [13] a'r DU [14] yn nodi mai dim ond adain filwrol Hamas, sy'n fudiad terfysgol.

Rali gan Hamas ym Methlehem, 2006

Sefydlwyd Hamas yn 1987 gan Ahmed Yassin a Mohammad Taha ar gychwyn yr Intifada Cyntaf ar y Lan Orllewinol. Mae Hamas yn tarddu o'r anfodlonrwydd ag arweinyddiaeth y PLO yn y cyfnod hwnnw. Tyfodd o'r mudiad Mujama, plaid wleidyddol a gefnogwyd gan Israel ar y dechrau fel gwrthbwys i'r PLO. Daeth Hamas i rym yn Ionawr 2006 gan ennill mwyafrif y gynrycholiaeth ar Awdurdod Cenedlaethol Palesteina a threchu'r PLO a Fatah.

Mae'r mudiad yn enwog am hunan-fomio (neu yn Saesneg: suicide bombing).[15] ar Israel. Mae hefyd yn gwneud gwaith cymdeithasol pwysig gan sefydlu a rhedeg ysbytai, llyfrgelloedd ac ysgolion [16] drwy'r Lan Orllewinol a Llain Gaza, lle mae'n rheoli. Caiff y bai gan Israel am saethu rocedi atynt, ac er mwyn dileu pwer Hamas y lansiwyd Ymosodiad Israel ar Lain Gaza 2008–2009‎ ar y 27 Rhagfyr, 2008.

Mae Siarter Hamas[17] yn galw am ddatgymalu Gwladwriaeth Israel, gan sefydlu gwladwriaeth Islamaidd newydd ar y Tiriogaethau Palesteinaidd[18]

Mae gan y mudiad ei sianel deledu ei hun, Al-Aqsa TV, sy'n darlledu o ddinas Gaza.

Cyfeiriadau

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya (Hamas)". Transnational and non state armed groups. Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research Harvard University. 2008. Cyrchwyd February 7, 2009.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Mash'al reelected leader of Hamas politburo". Ma'an news agency. 27 Ebrill 2009.
  3. ↑ Higgins, Andrew (24 Ionawr 2009). "How Israel Helped to Spawn Hamas". The Wall Street Journal. Cyrchwyd 24 Awst 2010.
  4. ↑
  5. ↑
    • Islamic fundamentalism in the West Bank and Gaza: Muslim Brotherhood and Islamic Jihad, by Ziyād Abū 'Amr, Indiana University Press, 1994, pp. 66–72
    • Anti-Semitic Motifs in the Ideology of Hizballah and Hamas, Esther Webman, Project for the Study of Anti-Semitism, 1994. ISBN 978-965-222-592-4
  6. ↑ "Hamas sweeps to election victory", BBC News.
  7. ↑ "Country reports on terrorism 2005", United States Department of State. Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism. US Dept. of State Publication 11324. Ebrill 2006. tud 196
  8. ↑ "Currently listed entities". Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness. November 22, 2012.
  9. ↑ "EU blacklists Hamas political wing". BBC News. Medi 11, 2003.
  10. ↑ If HAMAS is a Terrorist Organization, What Does That Make Israel? Intifada: The Voice of Palestine. 11 Gorffennaf 2010
  11. ↑ Gaza flotilla: Turkey threat to Israel ties over raid BBC News. 4 Mehefin, 2010
  12. ↑ How to Confront Russia's Anti-American Foreign Policy The Heritage Foundation. June 27, 2007
  13. ↑ Gwefan Llywodraeth Awstralia
  14. ↑ Gwefan y Llywodraeth Brydeinig
  15. ↑ (James L. Gelvin, The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War, Gwasg Prifysgol Caergrawnt, 2005, t. 221 ISBN 0521852897)
  16. ↑ "Palestinian election raises varying opinions within U". The Minnesota Daily. January 31, 2006
  17. ↑ Siarter Hamas
  18. ↑ Israeli Official Says Hamas Has Made Abbas Irrelevant. The New York Times, February 27, 2006.

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