Jump to content

COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam
Number of administered second doses (by percentage of total population):
  20-40%
  41-60%
  61-80%
  81-90%
  91-100%
DateMarch 8, 2021 (2021-03-08) – present
Location Vietnam
CauseCOVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam
TargetImmunization against COVID-19
Budget25.2 trillion VND ($1.1 billion USD)[1][2]
Organised byVietnam's Ministry of Health
Participants90,497,670[3] people with at least one dose administered of COVID-19 vaccine.
85,961,570[3] people have been fully vaccinated.
Outcome90.7876[3] percent of the Vietnamese population has received at least one dose.
86.23695[3] percent of the Vietnamese population is fully vaccinated.
Number of people who received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine in Vietnam
Daily COVID-19 vaccine doses administered in Vietnam (Rolling 7-day average)
Part of a series on the
COVID-19 pandemic
Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom.
Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom.
Timeline
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Locations
By country and territory
By conveyance
International response
National responses
Medical response
Vaccines
Current vaccines
Variants
Variants of concern
Other variants
Economic impact and recession
By country
By sport
Impacts
Long COVID
Society
Politics
virus icon COVID-19 portal

The COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam is an ongoing immunization campaign against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in response to the ongoing pandemic in the country. Following the approval of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine on 30 January 2021, vaccinations commenced on 8 March 2021, and will continue throughout the year with the goal of vaccinating 80% of the population by June 2022.[4] The Sputnik V was later approved for use on 23 March 2021.[5] The Sinopharm BIBP vaccine was approved for emergency use on 4 June 2021,[6] while Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, Moderna COVID-19 vaccine and Janssen COVID-19 vaccine were approved on 12 June 2021,[7] 29 June 2021,[8][9] and 15 July 2021,[10][11] respectively. Vietnam approved Abdala vaccine from Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology on 18 September 2021,[12] and Covaxin from Bharat Biotech on 10 November 2021.[13][14]

This is the country's largest-ever immunization campaign, aiming to administer over 150 million doses.[15] As of 6 April 2022, Vietnam has administered 207,235,119 vaccine doses across the country.[16]

History

[edit]
The handover ceremony of COVID-19 vaccine for Vietnam from COVAX Facility in 2021.

In August 2020, the Vietnamese government announced that they had signed up for 50 to 150 million doses of Sputnik V vaccine from Russia. The Russians will also donate a number of machines, biological products and equipment to Vietnam for COVID-19 prevention, including their vaccine. In the meantime, Vietnamese researchers will still continue developing the country's own vaccine.[17][18] In early June, Minister of Health Nguyen Thanh Long confirmed that Russia had agreed to provide Vietnam with 20 million doses of Sputnik V in 2021. Vabiotech will also start packaging Sputnik V vaccine in Vietnam from July, with a monthly capacity of five million doses.[19] On 21 July 2021, it was announced that a batch of Sputnik V had been produced for the first time in Vietnam by Vabiotech.[20][21][22] Before that, on 12 July 2021, the Government allowed T&T Group to negotiate with the Direct Investment Fund of the Russian Federation (RDIF) for 40 million additional doses of Sputnik V vaccine, using its own fund; not from the government budget or Vietnam's vaccine fund.[23][24] On August 4, 2021, Vimedimex signed an import contract with an UAE-based company called Royal Strategics Partners, for 10 million doses of COVID-19 Janssen vaccine; 5 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine Pfizer; 10 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine Sputnik V. Currently, the parties are completing legal documents to submit to the Ministry of Health for an import license.[25][26][27][28]

In February 2021, the Ministry of Health suggested the government to approve COVID-19 vaccines from AstraZeneca, Gamaleya, and Moderna for domestic inoculation to prevent and control the ongoing pandemic in the country.[29] National Deployment and Vaccination plan (NDVP) was signed off by Deputy Minister of Health on 9 February 2021. Vietnam will receive the feedback of the plan from NDVP review committee as one of the required steps to receive COVID-19 vaccines through COVAX Facility – a global mechanism for developing, manufacturing, supplying and procuring COVID-19 vaccines for all country, especially for low and middle-income economies.[30] Through COVAX, it is confirmed that Vietnam will receive 38.9 million doses of COVID vaccine in 2021.[31] The first batch of vaccines sourced via Covax mechanism, containing 811,200 doses, arrived in Hanoi's Noi Bai International Airport on 1 April 2021.[32] On 6 July, it was confirmed that the United States would send Vietnam two million doses of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine via Covax mechanism.[33] 10 days later, on 16 July, the US embassy in Hanoi informed the Ministry of Health that the country will support Vietnam with 3 million additional doses of Moderna vaccine.[34] On 25 July, the Ministry of Health said that Vietnam had received 3,000,060 doses of Moderna vaccine donated to COVAX by the US Government. 1,499,960 doses were delivered to Ho Chi Minh City on July 24 and 1,500,100 doses arrived in Hanoi on 25 July.[35][36] On 25 August 2021, during a meeting in Hanoi, US Vice President Kamala Harris announced the donation of 1 million Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine doses to Vietnam, which would begin arriving within the next 24 hours.[37][38][39] The United States sent Vietnam 1.5 million doses of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine via Covax mechanism on 2 October 2021,[40][41][42] 608,400 doses on 7 October and 397,800 doses on 8 October.[43] On 24 and 25 October 2021, more than 2.6 million doses of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine donated to COVAX by the US Government arrived in Vietnam.[44][45]

AstraZeneca has also pledged to provide Vietnam with around 30 million doses via VNVC.[46][47][48] Besides the deal with AstraZeneca, Vietnam is also stepping up negotiations with other manufacturers.[49] In May 2021, Vietnam struck a deal to buy 31 million vaccine doses made by Pfizer and BioNTech by the end of the year, and also registered to purchase up to 10 million additional doses through COVAX under the cost-sharing scheme.[50][51][52] On 14 July 2021, Pfizer committed to supplying Vietnam with 20 million doses of vaccine for children aged 12–18 years in the fourth quarter of 2021. In total, by the end of 2021, Pfizer will have provided 47 million doses of vaccine to Vietnam.[53] Vietnam is also negotiating with India to buy 15 million doses of Covaxin.[54][55]

In late June, Vietnam also received 500,000 doses of the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine, although the country had not ordered a single dose of this vaccine at that time.[56][57] In July, The Ministry of Health also allowed a company in Ho Chi Minh City, Sapharco, to import 5 million doses of the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine. This is the second company in Vietnam allowed to import the COVID-19 vaccine, after VNVC.[58] The Sinopharm BIBP vaccine will be administered to Chinese nationals in Vietnam, those wishing to go to, study or work in China and those living in border areas with China.[56] On late July and early August 2021, Ho Chi Minh City received 2 million of the 5 million doses of the vero cell Sinopharm BIBP vaccine purchased by Sapharco.[59][60] On 23 August, Ministry of Defence of Vietnam also received 200,000 doses of the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine donated by Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China.[61] 1 million doses of the Sinopharm - Hayat vaccine purchased by Vimedimex arrived at Noi Bai Airport on September 29, 2021.[62]

In 2021, Japan has also donated 4.08 million doses of AstraZeneca vaccine to Vietnam, with the first batch arriving on June.[63][64] On 14 July 2021, the Government of Romania announced the donation of 100,000 AstraZeneca vaccine doses to Vietnam, and considered sending more in the near future.[65][66] On 19 July, Government of Romania decided to increase the number of vaccines sent to Vietnam to 300,000 doses. This donation arrived in Vietnam on 25 August 2021.[67][68]

Australia also committed to provide 40 million AUD in aid[69][70] and 5.2 million doses vaccine for Vietnam.[71] 403,000 doses of the COVID-19 vaccine part of this commitment arrived on 26 August,[72][73][74] while another 300,000 doses arrived on 6 October.[71] On 26 July, the Czech Republic also announced the donation of 250,000 doses of vaccine to Vietnam, and 2 days later, the UK on July 28 also announced that the country would send 415,000 doses of vaccine to Vietnam.[75] Vietnam received 415,000 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine from the UK on 3 August 2021.[76] On August 11, the Hungarian Government decided to donate 100,000 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine to the Vietnam.[77][78] On 12 August 2021, French President Emmanuel Macron announced the donation of 670,000 doses of vaccine to Vietnam through the COVAX mechanism.[79] In late August 2021, the Polish government also decided to donate more than 501,000 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine to Vietnam,[80] which arrived at Nội Bài International Airport on 21 August.[81] On 25 August 2021, it was announced that the Italian government decided to donate 801,600 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine to Vietnam through the COVAX mechanism and China would donate an additional 2 million doses of vaccine to Vietnam.[82] On 3 September, it was announced that the German Government had decided to donate about 2.5 million doses of AstraZeneca vaccine to Vietnam.[83] 852,480 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine donated by Germany through the COVAX mechanism arrived in Vietnam on 16 September,[84] while another batch of 2.6 million doses of AstraZeneca vaccine arrived on 26 September.[85]

In September 2021, in total, Italy donated more than 2.8 million doses of AstraZeneca to Vietnam, making Vietnam one of the largest Italian vaccine priority partners globally.[86][87][88] Belgium and Slovakia also donated 200,000 doses of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine to Vietnam.[89] Serbia also decided to send Vietnam 20,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccine.[90] On 12 October 2021, South Korea also decided to donate 1.1 million doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine to Vietnam.[91][92][93] On 14 October 2021, 560,000 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine and 12.5 tons of medical supplies from Hungary, Croatia and Slovakia arrived in Vietnam.[94] On 15 October, the Ministry of Health received nearly 2 million doses of AstraZeneca vaccine, 890,000 doses from Poland; 1.1 million doses from South Korea and more than 2 million doses donated by Italy.[95] On 29 October, the Prime Minister of Kuwait decided to donate 500,000 doses of COVID-19 vaccine to Vietnam.[96]

Cuba also made pledges to supply Vietnam with 10 million doses of Abdala COVID-19 vaccine to Vietnam by the end of 2021.[97] On 25 September, 1.05 million doses of Abdala vaccine and many medical equipment arrived in Vietnam after a visit of President Nguyen Xuan Phuc to Cuba.[98]

In July 2021, the Ministry of Health allowed mixing first and second doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines should there be limited vaccine supply and the vaccinated person agrees.[99]

In late July 2021, Đồng Tháp Province allowed a local company to buy 200,000 doses of Nanocovax vaccine.[100]

On 7 May 2021, Vietnam recorded first death after administered AstraZeneca vaccine. She was a 35-year-old medical staff in An Giang Province.[101][102]

On 8 September 2021, Vietnam allowed those who received a first dose of Moderna's vaccine to get a different shot when they get their second dose due to the lack of vaccine supply.[103][104]

On 14 October 2021, the Ministry of Health authorized the use of COVID-19 vaccine for children aged 12 to 17.[105][106][107]

On December 10, the city of Ho Chi Minh initiated a campaign to administer third doses of AstraZeneca and Pfizer vaccinations to adults over 50, those with weakened immune systems, and frontline workers. The city plans to vaccinate all adults above the age of 18 with the third dosage in 2022.[108]

Vaccines on order

[edit]

As of 9 November 2023, a total of 230,910,514 doses have arrived in Vietnam.[16] The government began to procure doses of COVID-19 vaccines from various sources:[109]

Vaccine Origin Progress Doses ordered Doses available Approval Deployment Notes
Oxford–AstraZeneca United Kingdom, Sweden phase III clinical trials[110] 55 million[111] 65,223,076[16][note 1] 30 January 2021[112] 8 March 2021[113] Including additional doses donated by COVAX, and other countries.[114][115][76]
Sputnik V Russia phase III clinical trials 30 million[116][19][117] 1,608,998[16] 23 March 2021[118] March 2021[119] Including doses donated by Russia.[119] Including 100,000 Sputnik Light doses.[16] Produce in Vietnam by Vabiotech Pharmaceutical.
Sinopharm BIBP China phase III clinical trials 33 million[58][120] 52,261,200[16][note 2] 4 June 2021[121][57] 10 July 2021[122] Including additional doses donated by China.[57][56][123][124]
UAE 30 million[125] 10 September 2021[126] 1 October 2021[127] Under the name Hayat-Vax.
Pfizer–BioNTech Germany, United States phase III clinical trials 51 million[53] 92,590,080[16][note 3] 12 June 2021[128] 17 July 2021[129][130][131] The first batch was delivered in July 2021.[132]
Including additional doses donated by the United States through COVAX.[133]
Moderna United States phase III clinical trials 5 million[31][134] 14,077,160[16] 29 June 2021[8][9] 17 July 2021[129][130][131] Including additional doses donated by COVAX.[33]
Janssen Belgium, Netherlands, United States phase III clinical trials 10 million[25] None 15 July 2021[10][11] Pending
Abdala Cuba phase III clinical trials 10 million[97] 5,150,000[16] 18 September 2021[12] October 2021[135]
Covaxin India phase III clinical trials Unknown None 10 November 2021[13][14] Pending
Nanocovax Vietnam phase III clinical trials[1] 200,000[100] Pending[136] Pending
ARCT-154 United States, Vietnam phase I-III clinical trials
Covivac Vietnam phase II clinical trials[137] Unknown
Vabiotech Vietnam phase I clinical trials[138] Unknown
  • Even when the Chinese announced it would provide priority access to CoronaVac and the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine,[139] Vietnam is the last ASEAN nation to publicly state if it will use this due to anti-China sentiment among the public.[140] It is also one of the last to approve a Chinese vaccine.[141]
  • For locally produced COVID-19 vaccines, the MOH expects to have the first batch ready for use at the end of the third quarter of 2021. These vaccines can be put into the country's vaccination campaign in 2022 to ensure supply source and health security, overcome the difficulties when purchasing foreign vaccines.[142] The two locally produced vaccines, Nanocovax and COVIVAC, were put on trial on January to March 2021, respectively.[143][144] On 21 July 2021, the first test batch of Russia's Sputnik V vaccine has been produced in Vietnam, according to Russia's sovereign wealth fund RDIF and Vietnamese pharmaceutical company Vabiotech. The first validation samples taken from the batch were shipped to Gamaleya Center in Russia for quality control checks.[20][145] On 24 September, the vaccine began to be mass-produced when it was determined that it met the quality standards.[146]

Local production

[edit]
Vaccine Production Capacity Manufacturer Notes
Nanocovax 8–12 million doses a month[136] Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC Able to increase capacity to 30–50 million doses a month[136]
Covivac 6–30 million doses a year[147] Institute of Vaccines and Medical Biologicals
Sputnik V 5 million doses a month[146] Vaccine and Biological Production Company No. 1 (Vabiotech)[20][145]
ARCT-154 200 million doses a year[148] Vinbiocare[149]

Vaccines in trial stage

[edit]
For broader coverage of this topic, see COVID-19 vaccine, Nanocovax, and Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine.
COVID‑19 candidate vaccines
Vaccine candidates,
developers, and sponsors 		Type (technology) Current phase (participants)
design 		Completed phase (participants) Ref
VBC-COV19-154 COVID-19 vaccine
Arcturus Therapeutics, Vinbiocare 		mRNA Phase III (21,000)
Phase I/II/III (21,000): Randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled.
Aug–Dec 2021, Vietnam 		Preclinical [150][151][152][153][154][155][156]
Nanocovax
Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC 		Subunit (SARS‑CoV‑2 recombinant spike protein with aluminum adjuvant) Phase III (13,000)
Jun–Sep 2021, Vietnam 		Phase I–II (620)
Phase I (60): Open label, dose escalation.
Phase II (560): Randomization, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled.
Dec 2020 – Jun 2021, Vietnam 		[157][158][159][160][161]
Covivac
Institute of Vaccines and Medical Biologicals 		Viral vector Postponed Phase I–II (495)
Phase I (120): Open label, dose escalation.
Phase II (375): Randomized, observer-blind.
Mar 2021 – Dec 2021, Vietnam 		[162][163][164]
Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine
Vaccine and Biological Production Company No. 1 (Vabiotech) 		Subunit Preclinical
Awaited for the conduct on Phase I trial 		? [138]
  • A spokesman from the Covivac vaccine development team stated on November 30, 2021, that they are currently unable to locate a location with several thousand people who have not been inoculated against COVID-19 and are eligible to participate in clinical trials. As a result, the development team opted to halt the phase three experiment indefinitely.[165]

Rollout plan

[edit]
A medical staff prepares to inject the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine for journalist at the Ho Chi Minh City Pasteur Institute.

VNVC – the company in charge of importing and storing vaccines in Vietnam, announced that it is ready to deploy staff and facilities that can store up to 170 million doses of vaccines. The facilities include 49 provincial vaccine warehouses, 2 cold-condition warehouses, and 3 deep-freeze warehouses designed for storing vaccines at temperatures ranging from -40 to -86°C. In February 2021, VNVC's service capacity was reported to reach up to 100,000 customers per day, with the capability to scale up to accommodate the distribution of up to 4 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines per month.[166]

According to Deputy Minister of Health Tran Van Thuan, for the majority of the population to be protected, Vietnam needs to diversify its vaccine supply. This diversification includes using locally manufactured vaccines and the maximizing resources from businesses and local government budgets, in addition to the national government's budget, to support the vaccination program. The budget for vaccinating 20% of the population is estimated at 6.739 trillion VND ($293.67 million USD), with more than 90% of this cost covered by the COVAX Facility. The Vietnamese government will contribute 24 billion VND, complemented by municipal and provincial governments and private sources.[167]

On 24 June 2021, the Ministry of Health established a Steering Committee for the nationwide COVID-19 vaccination campaign. The committee consists of five subcommittees:

  • Subcommittee on Receiving, Transporting, and Preserving Vaccines
  • Subcommittee on Immunization
  • Subcommittee on Safety of Vaccination
  • Subcommittee on Quality Supervision of Vaccines
  • Subcommittee on Information Technology Application in Vaccination Management and Communication

along with a permanent office for the Steering Committee.[168] The National Steering Committee for the COVID-19 vaccination campaign is headed by the Minister of Health. The command center of the vaccination campaign is located at the Ministry of Defence, led by a Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the People's Army.[169] It is expected that the campaign will utilize eight vaccine storage warehouses, with one warehouse in each military district and another at the High Command of Capital Hanoi. Upon arrival at the airport, vaccines will be immediately transferred to the military warehouse, from where they will be transported by military vehicles to 19,000 vaccination points nationwide.[170][171]

Progress to date

[edit]
Vaccination (as of 31 October 2023)
Doses administered[172] 266,532,582
Total population[173] 97,580,000
1st dose 2nd dose 3rd and more doses
90,277,452 85,967,824 90,287,306
Vietnam vaccinations (cumulative)
  First dose   Second and third dose
Vietnam total administered doses per half-month
  First dose   Second and third dose



Dose supplied by vaccine product, as of 9 November 2023[16]

  AstraZeneca (28.83%)
  Sinopharm (23.56%)
  Pfizer and Moderna (44.56%)
  Abdala (2.32%)
  Sputnik V and Sputnik Light (0.73%)

Dose supplied by source, as of 9 November 2023[16]

  Government procurement (47.94%)
  COVAX (25.62%)
  Foreign government aid (14.33%)
  Private enterprise (12.11%)

In mid-March 2021, Vietnam received 2,000 doses of Sputnik V vaccine donated by the Government of the Russian Federation and used it for nearly 900 people. On 1 August 2021, Vietnam received another 10,000 doses of Sputnik V vaccine donated by the Government of the Russian Federation.[119] 740,000 doses of Sputnik V vaccine, provided by the Russian Direct Investment Fund, arrived at Noi Bai airport, Hanoi, on the afternoon of September 29.[174][175]

The first batch of vaccines sourced via COVAX mechanism, containing 811,200 doses, arrived in Hanoi's Noi Bai International Airport on 1 April 2021.[32] Vietnam received the second shipment of vaccines sourced via Covax, containing nearly 1,682,400 AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine doses on 16 May.[176][177][178] On 2 August 2021, COVAX delivered additional batch containing 1.18 million doses of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine shipped from Laboratorio Univesal Farma, manufacturing facility in Spain, to Vietnam.[179][180] On 10 August 2021, Viet Nam received 494,400 doses of COVID-19 vaccine AstraZeneca from the COVAX Facility.[181][182]

117,600 doses of AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine via VNVC contract arrived at Tan Son Nhat international airport in Ho Chi Minh City on 24 February.[183] Another batch of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines containing 288,100 doses arrived at Tan Son Nhat Airport on 25 May.[176] This is the second batch under a contract for 30 million the Ministry of Health and the VNVC have struck with the company.[184] The third batch containing 580,000 AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines under the VNVC contract arrived at Tan Son Nhat airport, on the morning of 9 July,[185] while another batch with 921,400 doses arrived on 15 July.[186] On 23 July, 1,228,500 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine arrived at Tan Son Nhat International Airport, the largest shipment so far under the contract between Vietnam Vaccine Joint Stock Company (VNVC) and AstraZeneca.[187][188] On 29 July, another 659,900 doses of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine arrived at Tan Son Nhat airport.[189][190] On 6, 13 and 19 August 2021, 592,100, 1,113,400 and 1,209,400 doses of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine under VNVC contract arrived at Tan Son Nhat airport.[191][192][193] Another batch containing 1,442,300 doses of COVID-19 vaccine AstraZeneca, under VNVC contract, arrived at Ho Chi Minh City on 26 August.[194] From 30 August to 1 September, Vietnam received 2,016,460 doses of COVID-19 vaccine AstraZeneca under VNVC contract.[195]

On 16 June 2021, Vietnam also received 966,320 doses of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine donated by Japan.[115][196][197] On 25 June, it is announced that Japan will donate another 1 million doses of AstraZeneca vaccine to Vietnam.[198][199] The first batch of this donation (400,000 doses) arrived at Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport on 2 July,[200] while the second batch arrived on 9 July.[201] On 16 July, Japan sent another 996,740 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine to Vietnam.[202][203] On 3 August 2021, Vietnam received 415,000 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine donated by the UK Government.[76] On late August, Vietnam also received 501,600 doses and 300,000 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine donated by Poland and Romania.[81][67][68] On 26 August 2021, Vietnam received 404,000 doses[72][73] of COVID-19 vaccine part of Australia's commitment to provide 1.5 million doses of AstraZeneca vaccine for Vietnam through UNICEF.[204]

On July 10, Vietnam received 2,000,040 doses of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine donated to the COVAX Facility by the United States Government.

On 7 July 2021, the first batch of Pfizer's vaccines, containing 97,110 doses, arrived at Nội Bài International Airport.[132][205] It was later confirmed that Vietnam received 746,460 doses of Pfizer's vaccines that day.[202] A day earlier, on 6 July, it is also confirmed that the United States would send Vietnam two million doses of Moderna COVID-19 vaccine via Covax mechanism.[206][33][207] This batch of vaccines arrived in Vietnam on 10 July.[208][209] Another batch containing 3,000,060 doses of Moderna vaccine donated to COVAX by the US Government arrived in Hanoi on 24 and 25 July.[35][36] On 11 August 2021 and 26 August 2021, Vietnam received 217,620 and 770,000 doses of Pfizer's vaccines purchased by the government.[202][210][211] On 25–27 August 2021, Vietnam received 1,065,870 doses of Pfizer vaccine donated by the US government.[212] Vietnam received 250,800 doses of AstraZeneca and Moderna COVID-19 vaccine donated by the Czech Republic on 30 August.[213][214]

Vietnam's COVID-19 vaccination programme began on 8 March 2021, administering the AstraZeneca vaccine to medical workers in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City and Hải Dương province.[215] As of 12 March 2022, a total of 200,179,247 administered vaccination doses have been reported.[16][216]

In Ho Chi Minh City, many people have injected the first dose or have completed the second dose for more than a month but have not been updated by the authorities to the vaccination confirmation app. The rigid way of some vaccination points is to rely only on the vaccination certificate on the app caused many people to miss the opportunity to get the second dose on time.[217]

By locality

[edit]
Locality[note 4] Population[218] Doses distributed[219] Doses administered[219] Doses administered per 100 people
Bắc Giang province 1,803,950 3,706,530 4,026,604 223.21
Bắc Kạn province 313,905 580,140 556,216 177.19
Cao Bằng province 530,341 993,120 923,137 174.06
Hà Giang province 854,679 1,722,760 1,439,333 168.41
Lạng Sơn province 781,655 1,741,530 1,541,562 197.22
Phú Thọ province 1,463,726 2,463,940 2,852,797 194.9
Quảng Ninh province 1,320,324 3,275,758 3,064,841 232.13
Thái Nguyên province 1,286,751 2,412,650 2,370,688 184.24
Tuyên Quang province 784,811 1,425,200 1,384,593 176.42
Lào Cai province 730,420 1,514,820 1,426,269 195.27
Yên Bái province 821,030 1,632,480 1,626,425 198.1
Điện Biên province 598,856 1,145,460 1,044,733 174.45
Hòa Bình province 854,131 1,646,630 1,586,085 185.7
Lai Châu province 460,196 782,870 788,203 171.28
Sơn La province 1,248,415 1,828,320 1,859,143 148.92
Bắc Ninh province 1,368,840 3,072,490 3,169,873 231.57
Hà Nam province 852,800 1,839,760 1,802,645 211.38
Hải Dương province 1,892,254 3,284,650 3,394,616 179.4
Hưng Yên province 1,252,731 2,458,262 2,393,761 191.08
Nam Định province 1,780,393 3,200,140 3,058,872 171.81
Ninh Bình province 982,487 1,747,960 2,031,105 206.73
Thái Bình province 1,860,447 3,150,960 3,235,036 173.88
Vĩnh Phúc province 1,151,154 2,292,030 2,378,445 206.61
Hà Nội 8,053,663 17,732,612 17,601,648 218.55
Hải Phòng 2,028,514 4,454,300 4,540,095 223.81
Hà Tĩnh province 1,288,866 2,270,650 2,121,051 164.57
Nghệ An province 3,327,791 5,498,900 6,241,110 187.55
Quảng Bình province 895,430 1,520,330 1,407,007 157.13
Quảng Trị province 632,375 1,306,372 1,201,431 189.99
Thanh Hóa province 3,640,128 7,685,680 6,058,145 166.43
Thừa Thiên-Huế province 1,128,620 2,428,436 2,246,567 199.05
Đắk Lắk province 1,869,322 3,400,550 3,405,571 182.18
Đắk Nông province 622,168 1,287,080 1,236,828 198.79
Gia Lai province 1,513,847 2,734,912 2,607,763 172.26
Kon Tum province 540,438 1,020,100 923,997 170.97
Lâm Đồng province 1,296,906 2,968,224 2,942,855 226.91
Bình Định province 1,486,918 2,949,670 2,940,648 197.77
Bình Thuận province 1,230,808 2,720,780 2,453,808 199.37
Khánh Hòa province 1,231,107 2,755,850 2,943,641 239.11
Ninh Thuận province 590,467 1,233,610 1,221,287 206.83
Phú Yên province 872,964 1,732,454 1,687,865 193.35
Quảng Nam province 1,495,812 3,204,860 2,926,361 195.64
Quảng Ngãi province 1,231,697 2,755,364 2,237,145 181.63
Đà Nẵng 1,134,310 2,495,582 2,631,204 231.97
Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu province 1,148,313 2,756,640 2,665,872 232.16
Bình Dương province 2,426,561 6,222,150 5,792,367 238.71
Bình Phước province 994,679 2,212,180 2,029,846 204.07
Đồng Nai province 3,097,107 6,663,800 6,278,791 202.73
Tây Ninh province 1,169,165 2,581,560 2,568,673 219.7
Ho Chi Minh City 8,993,082 20,321,778 20,162,558 224.2
An Giang province 1,908,352 4,054,292 3,961,149 207.57
Bạc Liêu province 907,236 1,609,230 1,661,733 183.16
Bến Tre province 1,288,463 2,994,032 2,904,036 225.39
Cà Mau province 1,194,476 2,457,310 2,382,037 199.42
Đồng Tháp province 1,599,504 3,617,852 3,346,514 209.22
Hậu Giang province 733,017 1,529,630 1,509,954 205.99
Kiên Giang province 1,723,067 3,601,150 3,030,096 175.85
Long An province 1,688,547 4,333,358 4,382,424 259.54
Sóc Trăng province 1,199,653 2,581,060 2,703,917 225.39
Tiền Giang province 1,764,185 3,725,890 3,788,828 214.76
Trà Vinh province 1,009,168 2,098,550 2,031,051 201.26
Vĩnh Long province 1,022,791 2,337,120 2,314,156 226.26
Cần Thơ 1,235,171 2,765,418 2,681,102 217.06

Adverse event following immunization

[edit]

Of the 69 medical staff at Gia Lai Field Hospital who administered AstraZeneca vaccine on 9 March 2021, eight had mild side effects and one female nurse had severe side effects. Five minutes after injection, this nurse (with a history of bronchial asthma) experienced symptoms of perioral numbness, vomiting, dizziness, chest tightness and difficulty breathing.[220] As of 17 March 2021, in 20,000 people were injected, 4,078 cases had common reactions like muscle pain, headaches, diarrhoea, fever or hives, five with anaphylaxis grade II and one grade III case, all of these case are in stable conditions. The health ministry has asked local health authorities which face serious post-injection reactions to set up a professional council to evaluate the causes.[221][222] There has not been a single case of severe blood clots reported in some European nations.[222]

On 7 May 2021, Vietnam recorded the first death of a person vaccinated with the AstraZeneca vaccine. She was a 35-year-old medical staff in An Giang Province. This female health worker was vaccinated with AstraZeneca vaccine in the morning of 6 May at the vaccination site in Tan Chau Regional General Hospital. Before the injection, she was screened and explained about post-injection reactions.[102][223] After the injection, she had anaphylactic shock reaction. According to the conclusion of the An Giang Department of Health, the cause of death is anaphylaxis on the basis of non-steroidal allergy (anti-inflammatory painkiller).[101]

On 21 June 2021, Vietnam recorded the second death of a person vaccinated with the AstraZeneca vaccine. He was a 26-year-old teacher in Hanoi. He was vaccinated at the medical center in Dong Anh District on 20 June, after having health checkup and being given eligibility for vaccination. He died at 23:15 on 21 June, 39 hours after getting vaccinated against COVID-19. The cause of death is not known. 100 people besides this man who got vaccinated at that center that day were all stable.[224][225]

As of 5 September 2021, there were 825,305 mild adverse event following immunizations (AEFIs) (3.7%) and 51 serious AEFIs (7 fatal).[202]

On 5 November 2021, Hanoi Department of Health gave information about the incident of injecting Pfizer vaccine for 18 children aged 2 to 6 months in Quoc Oai district. After injection, some children have fever, redness, swelling at the injection site and not recorded any cases of anaphylaxis.[226]

On 23 November 2021, there were at least 72 workers, aged 25–30 at a shoe company showing side effects after injecting Vero Cell COVID-19 vaccine, in which 5 people had anaphylactic shock. By 25 November, four workers had died.[227] Thanh Hoa authorities stopped injecting the remaining 43,000 doses of Vero Cell in storage and investigated the cause of this incident.[228]

Public opinion and vaccine effectiveness

[edit]

A poll conducted from October to December 2020 found that Vietnam had one of the highest vaccine acceptance rate in the world. 98% of people surveyed responded they would definitely or probably get vaccinated when a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available.[229]

A survey conducted in mid-October 2021 at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Ho Chi Minh City (where severe COVID-19 patients are treated) showed that 45% of the 349 patients had mild symptoms, while the rest had severe symptoms.

When comparing mild and severe symptoms in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients, 74% of the unvaccinated group had severe symptoms. 40% of those in the vaccinated group (who received one or two doses) had severe symptoms. 49% of those who received one dose experienced severe symptoms, while only 12% of those who received the second dose did. There was one case that required invasive mechanical ventilation and five cases that required an oxygen mask in the group that received the second doses. In the group that received only one injection, invasive mechanical ventilation was required in ten cases. In the unvaccinated group, there were 51 cases that required mechanical ventilation and three cases that required ECMO.[230]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ See Background and Progress to date for more information
  2. ^ See #History and #Progress to date for more information
  3. ^ See #History and #Progress to date for more information
  4. ^ Excluding Ministry of Public Security and Ministry of Defense

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Tomoya Onishi (June 4, 2021). "Vietnam launches $1.1bn COVID vaccine fund: 5 things to know". Nikkei Asia.
  2. ^ "Cần hơn 25.000 tỷ đồng để mua vaccine COVID-19". VnExpress. May 20, 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d Mathieu, Edouard; Ritchie, Hannah; Rodés-Guirao, Lucas; Appel, Cameron; Giattino, Charlie; Hasell, Joe; Macdonald, Bobbie; Dattani, Saloni; Beltekian, Diana; Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban; Roser, Max (2020–2024). "Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)". Our World in Data. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
  4. ^ TOMOYA ONISHI (March 28, 2021). "Vietnam travel bubble with Japan loses fizz as execs shun tight rules". Nikkei Asia.
  5. ^ "Vietnam approves Russia's Sputnik V vaccine". France 24. March 23, 2021.
  6. ^ "Vietnam approves Sinopharm Covid vaccine for emergency use". VnExpress. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  7. ^ Le, Nga (June 12, 2021). "Vietnam approves Pfizer Covid vaccine for emergency use". VnExpress.
  8. ^ a b "Bộ Y tế phê duyệt có điều kiện vaccine COVID-19 Moderna". Vietnam Television. June 29, 2021.
  9. ^ a b "Bộ Y tế phê duyệt có điều kiện vaccine COVID-19 Moderna". Vietnam Government Portal. June 29, 2021.
  10. ^ a b "Việt Nam phê duyệt khẩn cấp vaccine COVID-19 của Johnson & Johnson". Lao Động. July 15, 2021.
  11. ^ a b "Bộ Y tế phê duyệt vaccine phòng COVID-19 Janssen của Johnson & Johnson". Vietnam+. July 15, 2021.
  12. ^ a b "Việt Nam phê duyệt khẩn cấp vaccine của Cuba". VnExpress. September 18, 2021.
  13. ^ a b "Ministry approves Indian Covaxin COVID-19 vaccine". VietnamPlus. Vietnam News Agency. November 10, 2021.
  14. ^ a b "Việt Nam phê duyệt khẩn cấp vắc xin Covaxin của Ấn Độ". Vietnamnet. November 10, 2021.
  15. ^ "Chiến dịch tiêm chủng lớn nhất trong lịch sử với sự tham gia của y tế, quân đội, công an và các bộ, ngành". Ministry of Health (Vietnam). June 15, 2021.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Báo cáo 477/BC-BYT 2022 tình hình và kết quả triển khai phòng, chống Covid-19 ngày 06/4". Vietnam Ministry of Health. April 7, 2022.
  17. ^ Lan Anh; Bảo Anh (August 14, 2020). "Việt Nam đặt mua 50 - 150 triệu liều vắc xin ngừa COVID-19 của Nga". Tuổi Trẻ.
  18. ^ Nguyen, Phuong (August 14, 2020). "Vietnam to buy Russian COVID-19 vaccine". Reuters. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020.
  19. ^ a b Lê Nga (June 2, 2021). "Vietnam to receive 20 million Russian-made vaccine doses". VnExpress.
  20. ^ a b c "First batch of the Sputnik V vaccine produced in Vietnam". Russian Direct Investment Fund. July 21, 2021.
  21. ^ "Vietnam Makes Test Batch Of Russia's Sputnik V Jab". Barron's. AFP - Agence France Presse. July 21, 2021.
  22. ^ "Vietnam produces first batch of Russian COVID-19 vaccine". Reuters. July 21, 2021.
  23. ^ "Chính phủ đồng ý đàm phán, mua 40 triệu liều vaccine Sputnik V". VnExpress. July 12, 2021.
  24. ^ "Vietnam seeking 40 million more doses of Sputnik V vaccine". Reuters. July 12, 2021.
  25. ^ a b "Vimedimex chính thức trở thành đối tác chiến lược của Group 42 nhập khẩu vaccine COVID-19". Vietnam Television. August 8, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
  26. ^ "Минздрав Вьетнама рассмотрит запрос местной компании на импорт вакцины "Спутник V"". TASS. August 8, 2021.
  27. ^ "Thủ tướng giao Bộ Y tế có văn bản hỗ trợ Vimedimex mua vắc-xin Sputnik V". Người Lao Động. August 7, 2021.
  28. ^ Vuong, Q.-H.; Le, T.-T.; La, V.-P.; Nguyen, H.-T.-T.; Ho, M.-T.; Khuc, V.-Q.; Nguyen, M.-H. (2022). "Covid-19 vaccines production and societal immunization under the serendipity-mindsponge-3D knowledge management theory and conceptual framework". Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. 9 (1): 22. doi:10.1057/s41599-022-01034-6. S2CID 246040145.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  29. ^ "Đề xuất Bộ Y tế phê duyệt thêm 2 vaccine COVID-19 của Mỹ và Nga" (in Vietnamese). Ministry of Health (Vietnam). February 25, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  30. ^ "Vietnam included in Covax vaccine compensation program". VnExpress. February 23, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
  31. ^ a b "Toàn cảnh đàm phán và các hợp đồng cung cấp vaccine ngừa COVID-19 cho Việt Nam trong năm 2021" (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Television. June 2, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  32. ^ a b "811.000 liều vắc xin AstraZeneca về tới Việt Nam". Tuổi Trẻ. April 1, 2021. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
  33. ^ a b c "Mỹ hỗ trợ Việt Nam 2 triệu liều vaccine COVID-19". Ministry of Health (Vietnam). July 7, 2021.
  34. ^ "Mỹ hỗ trợ Việt Nam thêm 3 triệu liều vaccine Moderna". VnExpress. July 17, 2021.
  35. ^ a b "Việt Nam tiếp nhận thêm 3 triệu liều vaccine Moderna do Mỹ hỗ trợ". Lao Động. July 25, 2021.
  36. ^ a b "Việt Nam tiếp nhận thêm 3 triệu liều vaccine Moderna do Hoa Kỳ hỗ trợ". Vietnam+. July 25, 2021.
  37. ^ "U.S. to donate 1 mln Pfizer COVID-19 vaccines to Vietnam - Harris". Reuters. August 25, 2021.
  38. ^ @ajjaffe (August 25, 2021). "VP Harris is now speaking at the top of a bilateral meeting with Vietnamese Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh. She announced the US would be sending an additional 1 million coronavirus vaccine doses to Vietnam, which will begin arriving within the next 24 hours" (Tweet). Retrieved August 25, 2021 – via Twitter.
  39. ^ "Harris Urges More China Pressure in Meeting With Vietnam Leader". Bloomberg. August 25, 2021.
  40. ^ "Mỹ tặng thêm gần 1,5 triệu liều vaccine Pfizer cho Việt Nam". Lao Động. October 2, 2021.
  41. ^ "Mỹ tặng thêm cho Việt Nam gần 1,5 triệu liều vaccine Pfizer". Vietnam Television. October 3, 2021.
  42. ^ "Mỹ tặng thêm Việt Nam gần 1,5 triệu liều vaccine Pfizer". VnExpress. October 2, 2021.
  43. ^ "Gần 400.000 liều vắc xin Pfizer do Mỹ tặng về đến Hà Nội". Vietnamnet. October 8, 2021.
  44. ^ Ngọc Mai (October 25, 2021). "Việt Nam tiếp nhận thêm hơn 2,6 triệu liều vắc xin Pfizer do Mỹ tặng". Thanh Niên.
  45. ^ "Việt Nam tiếp nhận hơn 2,6 triệu liều vaccine Pfizer do Mỹ trao tặng". Voice of Vietnam. October 25, 2021.
  46. ^ "Việt Nam announces COVID-19 vaccine delivery dates, warns of scams". Việt Nam News. March 11, 2021.
  47. ^ "Nóng: Bộ Y tế thông tin lịch trình cung ứng 60 triệu liều vắc xin phòng COVID-19 tại Việt Nam" (in Vietnamese). Sức khỏe & Đời sống. March 10, 2021.
  48. ^ "Vaccination and surging confidence foster economic growth". Nhân Dân. March 10, 2021.
  49. ^ "Vietnam engages in negotiations to extend vaccine coverage". VOV. March 11, 2021.
  50. ^ "Vietnam to get 31 million Pfizer vaccine doses this year". VnExpress. May 15, 2021.
  51. ^ Nguyen, Phuong (May 14, 2021). "Vietnam seeks 31 mln doses of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in 2021". Reuters.
  52. ^ Xuan Quynh Nguyen; Mai Ngoc Chau (May 14, 2021). "Vietnam to Get 31 Million Pfizer-BioNTech Vaccine Doses in 2021". Bloomberg News.
  53. ^ a b "Chính phủ sẽ mua thêm gần 20 triệu liều vaccine Pfizer". VnExpress. August 15, 2021.
  54. ^ "Việt Nam đã có cam kết và ký hợp đồng khoảng 105 triệu liều vaccine COVID-19". Vietnam Television. July 14, 2021.
  55. ^ "Việt Nam đã đảm bảo được 105 triệu liều vaccine". VnExpress. July 13, 2021.
  56. ^ a b c "500.000 liều vaccine Covid-19 Sinopharm về Việt Nam". VnExpress. June 20, 2021. Retrieved June 20, 2021.
  57. ^ a b c "Bộ Y tế phê duyệt có điều kiện vắc xin ngừa COVID-19 của Trung Quốc". Tuổi Trẻ. June 4, 2021.
  58. ^ a b "Một công ty được nhập 5 triệu liều vaccine Sinopharm". VnExpress. July 9, 2021.
  59. ^ "Một triệu liều vaccine Sinopharm về TP HCM". VnExpress. July 31, 2021.
  60. ^ "Thêm một triệu liều vaccine Sinopharm về đến TP.HCM". VTC. August 14, 2021. Retrieved August 14, 2021.
  61. ^ "Bộ Quốc phòng Trung Quốc trao tặng Bộ Quốc phòng Việt Nam 200.000 liều vaccine". Quân đội Nhân dân. August 23, 2021.
  62. ^ "1 triệu liều vaccine Hayat-Vax sản xuất tại UAE đã về đến Hà Nội". VTV. September 29, 2021.
  63. ^ "Vietnam receives 500,000 more COVID-19 vaccine doses from Japan". Vietnamnet. October 23, 2021.
  64. ^ "Việt Nam tiếp nhận 400.000 liều vaccine COVID-19 AstraZeneca Nhật Bản tặng". Lao Động. September 25, 2021.
  65. ^ "Romania tặng Việt Nam 100.000 liều vaccine AstraZeneca". Vietnam Television. July 14, 2021.
  66. ^ "Chủ tịch nước Nguyễn Xuân Phúc điện đàm với Tổng thống Romania". VietNamPlus. July 14, 2021.
  67. ^ a b "Tiếp nhận 300.000 liều vắc xin Romania tặng Việt Nam". Vietnamnet. August 25, 2021.
  68. ^ a b "Romania tặng 300.000 liều vắc xin AstraZeneca cho Việt Nam". Tuổi Trẻ. August 25, 2021.
  69. ^ "Australia sẽ hỗ trợ 1,5 triệu liều vaccine AstraZeneca cho Việt Nam". Vietnam+. July 14, 2021.
  70. ^ "Australia hỗ trợ Việt Nam 1,5 triệu liều vaccine Covid-19". VnExpress. July 13, 2021.
  71. ^ a b "Australia cam kết hỗ trợ Việt Nam thêm 3,7 triệu liều vaccine". Ministry of Health. October 7, 2021.
  72. ^ a b "Ngày 27/8, tiếp nhận hơn 600.000 liều vaccine COVID-19 do Mỹ, Úc hỗ trợ". Ministry of Health. August 27, 2021.
  73. ^ a b @MarisePayne (August 26, 2021). "Australia & Vietnam are strong, strategic partners with a shared interest in maintaining a stable Indo-Pacific. Today, 400,000+ #COVID19 doses arrived as Vietnam responds to a surge in cases. By working together, we can help save lives & promote regional economic recovery" (Tweet). Retrieved August 27, 2021 – via Twitter.
  74. ^ "Ngoại trưởng Úc: Hơn 400.000 liều vắc xin COVID-19 đã về đến Việt Nam". Tuổi Trẻ. August 26, 2021.
  75. ^ "Anh và Czech viện trợ vaccine cho Việt Nam". VnExpress. July 29, 2021. Retrieved August 3, 2021.
  76. ^ a b c "Anh tặng Việt Nam 415.000 liều vaccine AstraZeneca". VnExpress. August 3, 2021. Retrieved August 3, 2021.
  77. ^ "Hungary tặng Việt Nam 100.000 liều vaccine và 100.000 bộ xét nghiệm nhanh Covid-19". VOV. August 12, 2021.
  78. ^ "Hungary, Pháp tặng Việt Nam vaccine và bộ xét nghiệm nhanh COVID-19". Lao Động. August 12, 2021.
  79. ^ "Pháp tuyên bố chia sẻ 670.000 liều vaccine cho Việt Nam". VnExpress. August 12, 2021.
  80. ^ Viết Tuân (August 17, 2020). "Ba Lan tặng Việt Nam hơn 500.000 liều vaccine". VnExpress. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  81. ^ a b "Tiếp nhận hơn 500.000 liều vaccine Covid-19 từ Ba Lan". VnExpress. August 23, 2021.
  82. ^ "Ý tài trợ hơn 800.000 liều vắc xin AstraZeneca cho Việt Nam, về đầu tháng 9". Thanh Niên. August 25, 2021.
  83. ^ "Đức viện trợ 2,5 triệu liều vắc xin AstraZeneca cho Việt Nam". Thanh Niên. September 4, 2021.
  84. ^ "Đức hỗ trợ Việt Nam hơn 850.000 liều vaccine". VnExpress. September 16, 2021.
  85. ^ "Đức trao thêm 2,6 triệu liều vaccine cho Việt Nam". VnExpress. September 27, 2021.
  86. ^ @EUDelegationVN (September 28, 2021). "Italy gives further 1,225,440 vaccine doses for Vietnam, making its total aid at more than 2.8 million doses. Also, 2.6mio vaccine doses donated by Germany arrived on Sun, making Germany's total aid at 3.45mio doses. #TeamEurope continues to stand with Vietnam in the fight against Covid" (Tweet). Retrieved October 4, 2021 – via Twitter.
  87. ^ "Ý viện trợ thêm 1,2 triệu liều vắc xin cho Việt Nam". Tuổi Trẻ. September 28, 2021.
  88. ^ "I-ta-li-a viện trợ bổ sung 796.000 liều vắc-xin COVID-19 cho Việt Nam". Báo điện tử Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam. September 21, 2021.
  89. ^ "Có thêm 200.000 liều vaccine COVID-19 AstraZeneca về Việt Nam". Lao Động. September 12, 2021.
  90. ^ "Công văn 10206/BGTVT-HTQT 2021 tham gia ý kiến về Thỏa thuận viện trợ vắc-xin của Croatia và Serbia". Ministry of Transport (Vietnam). September 29, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021 – via LuatVietnam.
  91. ^ "S.Korea to donate 1.1 mln doses of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine to Vietnam, 470,000 doses to Thailand". Reuters. October 12, 2021.
  92. ^ "Korea to donate AstraZeneca vaccine to Vietnam, Thailand". The Korea Times. October 12, 2021.
  93. ^ Kim, Eun-jung (October 12, 2021). "S. Korea to donate AstraZeneca vaccine to Vietnam, Thailand". Yonhap News Agency. Seoul.
  94. ^ "Vận chuyển an toàn 560.000 liều vaccine và vật tư y tế từ Hungary, Croatia và Slovakia về Việt Nam". Sức khỏe và Đời sống. October 14, 2021.
  95. ^ "Tiếp nhận gần 4 triệu liều vaccine hỗ trợ". VnExpress. October 15, 2021.
  96. ^ "Kuwait hỗ trợ Việt Nam 500.000 liều vaccine phòng COVID-19". Voice of Vietnam. October 29, 2021.
  97. ^ a b "Chủ tịch nước Cuba khẳng định cung cấp 10 triệu liều vaccine COVID-19 Abdala cho Việt Nam". Vietnam Television. August 24, 2021.
  98. ^ "Hơn 1 triệu liều vắc xin Abdala đã về tới Việt Nam theo chuyên cơ Chủ tịch nước". Thanh Niên. September 26, 2021.
  99. ^ "Bộ Y tế phân bổ vaccine Pfizer, cho phép tiêm trộn với AstraZeneca". VnExpress. July 13, 2021.
  100. ^ a b "Đồng Tháp chấp thuận cho công ty xuất khẩu cá tra làm đầu mối mua 200.000 liều vắc xin Nanocovax". Tuổi Trẻ. July 28, 2021.
  101. ^ a b "Người đầu tiên tử vong sau tiêm vaccine Covid-19". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). May 7, 2021.
  102. ^ a b "Vietnam reports first death in patient who received AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine". Reuters. May 7, 2021.
  103. ^ "Moderna and Pfizer vaccines are allowed to be mixed" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. September 8, 2021. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
  104. ^ "Công văn 7548/BYT-DP 2021 về tiêm mũi 2 cho đối tượng đã tiêm mũi 1 vắc xin Moderna phòng COVID-19". Ministry of Health (Vietnam). September 10, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021 – via LuatVietnam.
  105. ^ "Cho phép tiêm vaccine Covid-19 trẻ em". VnExpress. October 14, 2021.
  106. ^ "Bộ Y tế: Tiêm vaccine COVID-19 cho trẻ em từ 16 -17 tuổi trước và hạ dần độ tuổi". Sức khỏe và Đời sống. October 14, 2021.
  107. ^ "Công văn 8688/BYT-DP 2021 tiêm vắc xin phòng COVID-19 cho trẻ em từ 12 - 17 tuổi". Ministry of Health. October 14, 2021 – via LuatVietnam.
  108. ^ "Người Sài Gòn đi tiêm vaccine mũi 3" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. December 10, 2021. Retrieved December 10, 2021.
  109. ^ "Bộ trưởng Y tế: 'Việt Nam không thiếu vaccine Covid-19'" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. February 24, 2021. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
  110. ^ "Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker". New York Times. March 25, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  111. ^ Anh Ngọc (November 2, 2021). "VNVC mua thêm 25 triệu liều vaccine AstraZeneca". VnExpress.
  112. ^ James Pearson; Khanh Vu (January 30, 2021). "Vietnam approves AstraZeneca vaccine, cuts short Communist Party congress". Reuters. Archived from the original on February 13, 2021.
  113. ^ "Coronavirus Vaccine Tracker". Nikkei Asia. March 8, 2021. Archived from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  114. ^ Viết Tuân (April 27, 2021). "Covax cung ứng thêm gần 9 triệu liều vaccine cho Việt Nam". VnExpress.
  115. ^ a b "Nhật Bản hỗ trợ Việt Nam 1 triệu liều vaccine phòng chống COVID-19". Vietnam Government Portal. June 15, 2021.
  116. ^ Lan Anh (June 2, 2021). "Việt Nam mua 20 triệu liều vắc xin Sputnik V của Nga". Tuổi Trẻ.
  117. ^ Khanh Vu (June 2, 2021). "Vietnam to buy 20 mln doses of Sputnik V vaccine this year". Reuters.
  118. ^ "Vietnam says approves Russia's Sputnik V vaccine for use". Reuters. March 23, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  119. ^ a b c "6 loại vaccine phòng COVID-19 đã được cấp phép tại Việt Nam". Ministry of Health (Vietnam). August 2, 2021.
  120. ^ "Chính phủ đồng ý mua 20 triệu liều vaccine phòng COVID-19 Vero Cell". Vietnan Ministry of Health. September 23, 2021.
  121. ^ "Thêm 8 triệu liều Sinopharm được phân bổ cho 25 tỉnh thành". VnExpress. September 19, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2021.
  122. ^ "Quảng Ninh tổ chức tiêm vắc xin phòng Covid-19 đợt 5". Quảng Ninh điện tử. July 10, 2021.
  123. ^ "Quảng Tây (Trung Quốc) viện trợ Việt Nam 800 ngàn liều vắc-xin". Người Lao Động. September 15, 2021.
  124. ^ "Trung Quốc viện trợ Việt Nam thêm ba triệu liều vaccine". Vnexpress. September 10, 2021.
  125. ^ "Bộ Y tế cho phép một công ty nhập khẩu 30 triệu liều vaccine Hayat-Vax". Lao Động. September 20, 2021.
  126. ^ "8 loại vắc-xin phòng COVID-19 đã được cấp phép tại Việt Nam". Ho Chi Minh CDC. September 19, 2021.
  127. ^ "Một triệu liều vaccine từ UAE chuẩn bị tiêm sau kiểm định". VnExpress. October 2, 2021.
  128. ^ "Việt Nam phê duyệt vaccine Covid-19 Pfizer". VnExpress. June 12, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
  129. ^ a b "Ưu tiên hơn 300 liều vắc xin phòng COVID-19 cho Đoàn chi viện miền Nam chống dịch". Thái Nguyên TV. July 17, 2021.
  130. ^ a b "Hà Nam bắt đầu triển khai tiêm vắc xin phòng Covid-19 đợt 4". Báo Hà Nam. July 18, 2021. Archived from the original on July 18, 2021. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
  131. ^ a b "Bắc Ninh thực hiện tiêm phòng Covid - 19 cho người trên 65 tuổi". Bắc Ninh TV. July 17, 2021.
  132. ^ a b "Hơn 97.000 liều vaccine của Pfizer/BioNtech đầu tiên đã về Việt Nam". VietNamPlus. July 7, 2021.
  133. ^ "Thêm 397.800 liều vắc xin Pfizer do Mỹ tặng đã về tới Việt Nam". Tuổi trẻ. October 8, 2021.
  134. ^ "Bộ Y tế đàm phán mua vaccine Covid-19 Johnson & Johnson". VnExpress. June 4, 2021.
  135. ^ "Bộ Y tế: Vaccine phòng COVID-19 Abdala tiêm 3 liều cho người từ 19- 65 tuổi". Vietnam Ministry of Health. October 23, 2021.
  136. ^ a b c "Nanogen xin cấp phép khẩn cấp vaccine Covid-19 Nanocovax". VnExpress. June 22, 2021.
  137. ^ "Vietnam kicks off trials for second homegrown vaccine candidate". Nikkei Asia. March 19, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  138. ^ a b "Dự kiến cuối quý 3-2021, Việt Nam sẽ có vaccine phòng Covid-19 đầu tiên". Nhân Dân. March 22, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  139. ^ "China promises Mekong neighbours access to Chinese Covid-19 vaccine". South China Morning Post. August 24, 2020. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
  140. ^ "Vietnam begins Covid-19 vaccination drive without China-made shots". SCMP. March 7, 2021. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
  141. ^ Ritchie, Hannah; Mathieu, Edouard; Rodés-Guirao, Lucas; Appel, Cameron; Giattino, Charlie; Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban; Hasell, Joe; MacDonald, Bobbie; Beltekian, Diana; Roser, Max (March 5, 2020). "Source information country by country". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  142. ^ "Lùi thời gian vaccine Covid-19 Covax về Việt Nam" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. March 23, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2021.
  143. ^ VIR, Vietnam Investment Review- (February 28, 2021). "First Vietnamese COVID-19 vaccine Nano Covax enters second phase of human trials". Vietnam Investment Review - VIR. Archived from the original on March 18, 2021. Retrieved April 1, 2021.
  144. ^ "6 tình nguyện viên tiêm thử nghiệm vaccine COVIVAC phòng COVID-19 của Việt Nam - Tin nổi bật - Cổng thông tin Bộ y tế".
  145. ^ a b "Việt Nam sản xuất lô vaccine Sputnik V đầu tiên". VTV. July 21, 2021.
  146. ^ a b "Việt Nam bắt đầu đóng ống vaccine Sputnik V". VnExpress. September 24, 2021.
  147. ^ "Human trials of second homegrown COVID-19 vaccine begin". Vietnam News. January 22, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  148. ^ "Sắp thử nghiệm vaccine Covid-19 thứ ba của Việt Nam". VnExpress. August 2, 2021. Retrieved August 3, 2021.
  149. ^ "Arcturus Announces Approval of a Clinical Trial Application to Advance ARCT-154, a Next Generation STARR™ mRNA Vaccine Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant and Other Variants of Concern". Businesswire. August 2, 2021. Retrieved August 3, 2021.
  150. ^ "Vingroup collaborates with Arcturus Therapeutics to establish a manufacturing facility in Vietnam for Arcturus' mRNA Covid-19 vaccine". Yahoo! Finance. August 2, 2021.
  151. ^ "Arcturus Allows Vietnam's Vingroup to Make Covid Vaccines". Bloomberg. August 2, 2021.
  152. ^ "Arcturus Therapeutics lines up Phase 1/2/3 trial for next-generation mRNA COVID-19 vaccine". Biopharma Reporter. August 2, 2021.
  153. ^ "Arcturus to start clinical trial of COVID-19 vaccine in Vietnam". Reuters. August 2, 2021.
  154. ^ "Vingroup nhận chuyển giao độc quyền công nghệ sản xuất vắc xin mRNA phòng COVID-19". Tuổi Trẻ. August 2, 2021.
  155. ^ "Arcturus Therapeutics Collaborates with Vingroup to Establish Manufacturing Facility in Vietnam for Arcturus' Investigational mRNA Vaccines for COVID-19". Business Wire. August 2, 2021.
  156. ^ "Sắp thử nghiệm vaccine Covid-19 thứ ba của Việt Nam". VnExpress. August 2, 2021.
  157. ^ "VN starts injection of homegrown COVID-19 vaccine in first-stage human trial". Viet Nam News. December 17, 2020.
  158. ^ "Draft landscape and tracker of COVID-19 candidate vaccines". WHO. February 26, 2021.
  159. ^ "How much does first Made-in Vietnam COVID-19 vaccine cost?". Voice of Vietnam. December 11, 2020.
  160. ^ "Local Nanocovax vaccine's phase 3 trial to begin next week". VietNamNet.
  161. ^ Le C, Thu A (February 26, 2021). "Vietnam enters second phase of Covid-19 vaccine trials". VnExpress.
  162. ^ "A Phase 1/2 Safety and Immunogenicity Trial of COVID-19 Vaccine COVIVAC". clinicaltrials.gov. United States National Library of Medicine. April 2021. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
  163. ^ "Vaccine COVID-19 Covivac cho kết quả tốt, dự kiến tháng 8 thử nghiệm giai đoạn 2". VTC. August 3, 2021. Retrieved July 19, 2021.
  164. ^ "Vaccine COVID-19 "made in Vietnam" COVIVAC thử nghiệm giai đoạn 2". VTV. August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
  165. ^ "Ngừng thử nghiệm giai đoạn ba vaccine Covivac" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. November 30, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.
  166. ^ "Việt Nam chuẩn bị đủ kho siêu lạnh để nhập vaccine Covid-19". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). February 22, 2021. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
  167. ^ "VN's health ministry details COVID-19 vaccine rollout plan, lists priority groups to receive the shots". Vietnam News. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
  168. ^ Nga, Lê (June 24, 2021). "Lập Ban chỉ đạo Chiến dịch tiêm chủng vaccine Covid-19 toàn quốc". VnExpress (in Vietnamese).
  169. ^ Thu, Võ (June 15, 2021). "Bộ trưởng Bộ Y tế: Huy động tổng lực cho chiến dịch tiêm vaccine COVID-19 lớn nhất trong lịch sử". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese).
  170. ^ "Chiến lược tiêm vaccine COVID-19: Sẽ có tới 500.000 liều tiêm/ngày". Vietnam MOH (in Vietnamese). June 24, 2021.
  171. ^ "8 triệu liều vaccine Covid-19 về Việt Nam trong tháng 7". VnExpress (in Vietnamese). July 2, 2021.
  172. ^ "Ngày 31/10: Ca COVID-19 mới tiếp tục tăng". Sức khỏe Đời sống. October 31, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  173. ^ "Dân số và tổng điều tra dân số Việt Nam 2020". VTV.
  174. ^ "740.000 liều vaccine Sputnik V về Việt Nam". VnExpress. September 29, 2021.
  175. ^ "COVID-19 in Viet Nam Situation Report 60". WHO. September 23, 2021. Retrieved September 22, 2021.
  176. ^ a b "Lịch trình hơn 120 triệu liều vắc xin COVID-19 sẽ về Việt Nam". Tuổi Trẻ. June 3, 2021.
  177. ^ "Nearly 1.7 million doses of AstraZeneca vaccine arrive in Vietnam". VietnamPlus. May 16, 2021.
  178. ^ "Vietnam's daily COVID-19 cases hit new record with 187 infections". Reuters. May 16, 2021.
  179. ^ "COVAX hỗ trợ thêm 1,18 triệu liều vắc-xin COVID-19 cho Việt Nam". UNICEF. August 2, 2021.
  180. ^ "Thêm 1,18 triệu liều vaccine COVID-19 do COVAX hỗ trợ về Việt Nam". Vietnam+. August 2, 2021.
  181. ^ "Việt Nam nhận thêm gần 500.000 liều vắc xin AstraZeneca". Công luận. August 10, 2021.
  182. ^ "Tiếp nhận hơn 494.000 liều vaccine phòng COVID-19 từ COVAX". Vietnam+. August 10, 2021.
  183. ^ "Việt Nam có 117.600 liều vắc xin đầu tiên: Ưu tiên trước cho lực lượng tuyến đầu". Tuổi Trẻ. February 25, 2021.
  184. ^ Thư Anh (May 25, 2021). "288.000 liều vaccine AstraZeneca về đến Việt Nam trong đêm". VnExpress.
  185. ^ "Thêm 580.000 liều vaccine AstraZeneca về Việt Nam". VnExpress. July 9, 2021.
  186. ^ "Thêm gần một triệu liều vaccine AstraZeneca về Việt Nam". VnExpress. July 15, 2021.
  187. ^ "Lô vaccine AstraZeneca lớn nhất về đến Việt Nam". Ministry of Health (Vietnam). July 23, 2021.
  188. ^ "Thêm hơn 1,2 triệu liều vaccine COVID-19 của AstraZeneca đã về đến Việt Nam". Lao Động. July 23, 2021.
  189. ^ "Thêm gần 660.000 liều vắc xin Covid-19 của AstraZeneca về đến Việt Nam". Thanh Niên. July 29, 2021.
  190. ^ "Thêm gần 660.000 liều vaccine COVID-19 của AstraZeneca về đến TP.HCM". VOV. July 29, 2021.
  191. ^ "Gần 600.000 liều vaccine AstraZeneca về TP HCM". VnExpress. August 6, 2021.
  192. ^ "Thêm hơn 1,1 triệu liều vaccine AstraZeneca về Việt Nam". VnExpress. August 13, 2021.
  193. ^ "Thêm hơn 1,2 triệu liều vaccine AstraZeneca về TP HCM". VnExpress. August 19, 2021.
  194. ^ "Thêm hơn 1,4 triệu liều vaccine AstraZeneca về Việt Nam". VnExpress. August 27, 2021.
  195. ^ "Hơn 2 triệu liều vaccine AstraZeneca về Việt Nam trong 3 ngày". VnExpress. September 1, 2021.
  196. ^ "Japan to ship 1 mln COVID-19 vaccines to Vietnam on Wednesday". Reuters. June 15, 2021.
  197. ^ "Gần một triệu liều vaccine Covid-19 từ Nhật về Việt Nam". VnExpress. June 17, 2021.
  198. ^ Le, Nga (June 25, 2021). "Japan to give Vietnam another 1 mln doses of vaccine". VnExpress.
  199. ^ "Japan to give 6 mln doses of vaccines to Taiwan, 5 SE Asia nations". Reuters. Tokyo. June 25, 2021.
  200. ^ "400.000 liều vaccine Nhật Bản viện trợ cho Việt Nam đã về tới TP.HCM". VietnamPlus. July 2, 2021.
  201. ^ "Thêm 600.000 liều vắc xin Covid-19 Nhật Bản tài trợ về đến TP.HCM". Thanh Niên. July 9, 2021.
  202. ^ a b c d WHO (September 8, 2021). Viet Nam Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report #58 (Report).
  203. ^ "Có thêm vắc xin phòng dịch Covid-19 từ Nhật Bản về Việt Nam". Hanoimoi. July 16, 2021.
  204. ^ @MarisePayne (July 14, 2021). "Australia's partnership with Vietnam will support its vaccine rollout with 1.5 million AZ #COVID19 vaccine doses in 2021. This complements Australia's $40m package for doses for Vietnam procured through UNICEF, vaccine delivery support & technical advice" (Tweet). Retrieved August 27, 2021 – via Twitter.
  205. ^ "Hơn 97.000 liều vắc xin phòng COVID-19 của Pfizer/BioNtech đầu tiên đã về Việt Nam". Ministry of Health (Vietnam). July 7, 2021.
  206. ^ "US sends Vietnam 2 million Covid vaccine doses". VnExpress. July 6, 2021.
  207. ^ "Mỹ đã chuyển 2 triệu liều vaccine Moderna cho Việt Nam". Lao Động. July 6, 2021.
  208. ^ "Hơn 2 triệu liều vắc-xin Moderna về đến Việt Nam". Người Lao Động. July 10, 2021.
  209. ^ "2 triệu liều vắc xin Moderna Mỹ gửi đã về tới Việt Nam". Thanh Niên. July 10, 2021.
  210. ^ "Thêm 217.600 liều vắc xin Pfizer về Việt Nam". Tiền Phong. August 12, 2021.
  211. ^ "Bản tin COVID-19 sáng 27-8: Thêm 263.000 liều vắc xin Pfizer về Việt Nam". Tuổi Trẻ. August 27, 2021.
  212. ^ "Hơn một triệu liều vaccine Pfizer Mỹ viện trợ về Việt Nam". VnExpress. August 26, 2021.
  213. ^ "Việt Nam tiếp nhận hơn 250.000 liều vaccine phòng COVID-19 do Chính phủ Cộng hòa Séc trao tặng". Vietnam Television. August 30, 2021.
  214. ^ "Việt Nam tiếp nhận hơn 250.800 nghìn liều vaccine phòng COVID-19 do Chính phủ Cộng hòa Séc trao tặng". Ministry of Health. August 30, 2021.
  215. ^ "Người Việt Nam đầu tiên tiêm vaccine COVID-19: Không có gì phải lo sợ!" (in Vietnamese). VTV. March 8, 2021. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
  216. ^ "Ngày 3/12: Có 13.670 ca COVID-19 tại 59 tỉnh, thành phố; Hà Nội cao kỷ lục với 791 ca mắc". Sức khỏe & Đời sống/Ministry of Health. December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  217. ^ "Many problems when implementing vaccination for people" (in Vietnamese). VTV. September 8, 2021. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
  218. ^ General Statistics Office of Vietnam (2019). "Completed Results of the 2019 Viet Nam Population and Housing Census" (PDF). Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam). ISBN 978-604-75-1532-5.
  219. ^ a b "Báo cáo 302/BC-BYT 2022 tình hình dịch và kết quả triển khai công tác phòng, chống Covid-19 ngày 05/3". Vietnam Ministry of Health. March 5, 2022.
  220. ^ "9 người ở Gia Lai bị phản ứng phụ sau tiêm vaccine Covid-19". VnExpress.
  221. ^ "Việt Nam sẽ tiếp tục tiêm phòng COVID-19 bằng vaccine AstraZeneca". VTV. March 17, 2021.
  222. ^ a b "Vietnam continues AstraZeneca rollout despite blood clot concern". VnExpress. March 12, 2021.
  223. ^ "After lull, cases spread in Vietnam's cities, provinces". Associated Press. May 8, 2021.
  224. ^ "Hà Nội thông báo về trường hợp tử vong sau tiêm vắc xin phòng COVID-19". Sức khỏe & Đời sống. June 22, 2021.
  225. ^ Le, Nga (June 22, 2022). "Hanoi man dies 39 hours after getting Covid-19 vaccine". VnExpress.
  226. ^ "HSở Y tế Hà Nội thông tin chính thức về sự cố tiêm nhầm vaccine cho 18 trẻ từ 2 - 6 tháng tuổi ở Quốc Oai". Sức khỏe & Đời sống. November 5, 2021.
  227. ^ "Người thứ 4 tử vong sau tiêm vaccine ở Thanh Hoá" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  228. ^ "Dừng tiêm lô vaccine Vero Cell sau khi ba người tử vong" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  229. ^ Wouters, Olivier J; Shadlen, Kenneth C; Salcher-Konrad, Maximilian; Pollard, Andrew J; Larson, Heidi J; Teerawattananon, Yot; Jit, Mark (February 12, 2021). "Challenges in ensuring global access to COVID-19 vaccines: production, affordability, allocation, and deployment". Health Policy. 397 (10278): 1023–1034. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00306-8. PMC 7906643. PMID 33587887.
  230. ^ "86% ca nhiễm tại TPHCM đã tiêm vaccine" (in Vietnamese). VnExpress. November 4, 2021. Retrieved November 5, 2021.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_vaccination_in_Vietnam&oldid=1251466513"