View source for system

{{also|System|systém}}
==English==
{{was wotd|2019|May|9}}

===Etymology===
{{multiple images
|direction = vertical
|image1 = Ceres solarsystem.jpg
|caption1 = The [[solar system]] ''(sense 1.6)''
|image2 = Grand staff.svg
|caption2 = [[musical notation|Musical notation]] indicating a system ''(sense 1.3)'', which consists of a [[treble staff]] ''(top)'' and a [[bass staff]] linked by a [[brace#Noun|brace]] ''(left)''
|image3 = Blausen 0316 DigestiveSystem.png
|caption3 = The human [[digestive system]] ''(sense 1.4)''
}}

{{root|en|ine-pro|*sem-|*steh₂-}}
Partly {{bor+|en|frm|sisteme|nocap=1}}, {{m|frm|systeme}}, partly directly from its {{glossary|etymon}} {{bor|en|LL.|systēma||harmony; musical scale; set of celestial objects; set of troops; system}}, from {{der|en|grc|σύστημα||musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members}}, from {{m|grc|σῠνίστημῐ||to combine, organize}} + {{m|grc|-μᾰ|pos=resultative suffix}}. {{lang|grc|σῠνίστημῐ}} is from {{m|grc|σῠν-|t=with, together}} + {{m|grc|ἵστημι||to stand}}, from {{der|en|ine-pro|*steh₂-||to stand (up)}}.<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=n|id=196665|date=June 2015|nodot=yes}}; {{R:Lexico}}</ref>

Cognate with {{cog|nl|systeem}}, modern {{cog|fr|système}}, {{cog|de|System}}, {{cog|it|sistema}}, {{cog|pt|sistema}}, {{cog|es|sistema}}. {{doublet|en|systema}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{enPR|sĭsʹtəm}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈsɪstəm/}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-system.ogg|a=GA}}
* {{audio|en|en-au-system.ogg|a=AU}}
* {{rhymes|en|ɪstəm|s=2}}
* {{hyphenation|en|sys|tem}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun}}

# A [[group]] or [[set]] of [[related]] [[thing]]s that [[operate]] together as a [[complex]] [[whole#Noun|whole]]. {{defdate|from early 17th c.}}
#: {{synonyms|en|arrangement|complex|composition|organization|set up|structure}}
#* {{RQ:Landon Lady Anne Granard|page=112|volume=I|passage=Every age has its characteristic, and our present one is not behind its predecessors in that respect; it is the age of '''systems''', every '''system''' enforced by a treatise. The politician who opposes the corn-laws and advocates free trade, does so on a '''system''', which, as soon as it begins to work, will set the civilized world to rights.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:James Alexander Hamilton (music writer)|J[ames] A[lexander] Hamilton]]|chapter=Stave|title=A New Musical Grammar, in Three Parts: viz. Notation; Harmony and Counterpoint; Rhythm or Melody|edition=4th|location=London|publisher=Published only by [[w:Robert Cocks & Co.|Robert Cocks and Co.]]{{nb...|publishers to the Queen, 6, New Burlington Street.}}; sold also by Messrs. Simpkin, Marshall, and Co.{{nb...|Stationers’ Court.}}|year=[1848]|section=part I (Notation)|page=23|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=HiVDAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA23|oclc=163067787|passage=The bass and treble clefs combined, include all the sounds belonging to our musical '''system''', as they appear on a 6½-octave pianoforte, extending from C C C in the bass to F in altissimo.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Charles T. Ambrose|title=Alzheimer’s Disease: The Great Morbidity of the 21st Century|url=http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/feature/2013/3/alzheimerrsquos-disease-the-great-morbidity-of-the-21st-century|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424010003/http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/feature/2013/3/alzheimerrsquos-disease-the-great-morbidity-of-the-21st-century|archivedate=24 April 2013|magazine=w:American Scientist|month=May–June|year=2013|volume=101|issue=3|page=200|passage=Similar studies of rats have employed four different intracranial resorbable, slow sustained release '''systems'''—surgical foam, a thermal gel depot, a microcapsule or biodegradable polymer beads.}}
## {{lb|en|computing}} A [[set#Noun|set]] of [[hardware]] and [[software]] [[operate|operating]] in a [[computer]].
##* {{quote-web|en|title=UN Study: China, US, Japan Lead World AI Development|url=https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/un-study-china-us-japan-lead-world-ai-development/4769094.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207184548/https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/un-study-china-us-japan-lead-world-ai-development/4769094.html|archivedate=7 February 2019|work=w:Voice of America|date=3 February 2019|passage=WIPO [the {{w|World Intellectual Property Organization}}] reported that China had 17 of the top 20 academic organizations filing for [[artificial intelligence|AI]]-related patents. It noted China was especially strong in the fast-growing area of "deep learning." This is a machine learning method that includes speech and facial recognition '''systems'''.}}
## {{lb|en|mathematics}} A set of [[equation]]s involving the same [[variable#Noun|variables]], which are to be [[solve]]d [[simultaneously]].
##* {{quote-book|en|author=Ken Levasseur; Al Doerr|chapter=More Matrix Algebra|title=Applied Discrete Structures – Part 2: Algebraic Structures: Version 3.3|location=[Morrisville, N.C.]|publisher=w:Lulu.com|year=2017|section=section 12.1.1 (Solutions)|page=59|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=3TajAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA59|isbn=978-1-105-61898-7|passage=The method of solving '''systems''' of equations by matrices that we will look at is based on procedures involving equations that we are familiar with from previous mathematics courses. The main idea is to reduce a given '''system''' of equations to another simpler system that has the same solutions.}}
## {{lb|en|music}} A set of [[staff#Noun|staves]] [[link#Verb|linked]] by a [[brace#Noun|brace]] that [[indicate]] [[instrument]]s or [[sound]]s that are to be [[play#Verb|played]] simultaneously.
##* {{quote-book|en|author=Meinhard Müller|chapter=Music Representations|title=Fundamentals of Music Processing: Audio, Analysis, Algorithms, Applications|location=Cham, Switzerland; Heidelberg|publisher=[[w:Springer Science+Business Media|Springer International Publishing]]|year=2015|section=section 1.1.2 (Western Music Notation)|page=8|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=HCI_CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-21945-5|isbn=978-3-319-21944-8|passage=To notate music that is played on a piano or is played by different musicians on various instruments, one often uses several staves to notate the various musical voices. A single vertical line drawn to the left of multiple staves creates a ''staff '''system''''', which indicates that the music on all staves is to be played simultaneously. A bracket is an additional vertically aligned symbol joining staves. This symbol shows groupings of instruments that function as a unit, such as the string section of an orchestra{{nb...}}.}}
## {{lb|en|physiology}} A set of [[body]] [[organ]]s having a particular [[function#Noun|function]].
##: {{ux|en|the digestive '''system'''&emsp; the nervous '''system'''}}
##* {{quote-book|en|author=Terence J. Dawson|chapter=Living in the Environment&nbsp;– Feeding|title=Kangaroos: Biology of the Largest Marsupials|location=Ithaca, N.Y.|publisher=Comstock Publishing Associates, {{w|Cornell University Press}}|year=1995|year_published=1998|page=102|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=KNxIlprcmTYC&pg=PA102|isbn=978-0-8014-8262-5|passage=Animals have evolved a variety of digestive '''systems''' to utilise fibre. The kangaroos have evolved a digestive '''system''' that has much in common with those found in ruminant mammals from other continents, but there are also unique features.}}
## {{senseid|en|set of headmates}} {{lb|en|multiplicity}} A set of [[alter#Noun|alters]] of a person, or the {{l|en|multiple||an [[individual#Noun|individual]] with [[multiple personality|multiple personalities]]}} who [[contain]]s them.
##: {{syn|en|multiple}}
##* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Stephen E. Braude|chapter=|title=First Person Plural: Multiple Personality and the Philosophy of Mind|edition=revised|location=Lanham, Md.; London|publisher=[[w:Rowman & Littlefield|Rowman & Littlefield Publishers]]|year=1995|page=56|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=DzkjTO1OkYMC&pg=PA56|isbn=978-0-8476-7996-6|passage=But that alter often turns out to be relatively recent and fairly peripheral in the multiple's total '''system''' of alters.}}
##* {{quote-book|en|chapter=A New Therapist|editors=Patricia Frankish; w:Valerie Sinason|title=Holistic Therapy for People with Dissociative Identity Disorder|location=London|publisher=Karnac Books|year=2017|page=79|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=VmYoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA79|isbn=978-1-78220-563-0|passage=Rosie's courage allowed her to engage with me quickly and soon provided reassurance to others in the '''system''' that I was safe and non-abusive. Soon after, a number of other alters made themselves known to me. {{...}} I was initially very worried that I would offend the '''system''' by missing when switches occurred, or even misidentify who was present with me.}}
##* {{seemoreCites|en}}
## {{lb|en|astronomy}} A system in which two or more objects are bound to each other by [[gravity]].
##: {{ux|en|There are eight planets in the solar '''system'''.}}
##* {{quote-video game|en|developer=w:BioWare|title=w:Mass Effect 3|genre=[[science fiction|Science Fiction]]|location=Redwood City|publisher=Electronic Arts|year=2012|system=PC|scene=Yukawa, Euler system|oclc=962368035|text=Yukawa is a small rock planet with a thin atmosphere of carbon dioxide. After a labor dispute with companies shipping metallic asteroids to the nearby Arcturus '''system''', Yukawa's iron core and blanket of hematite were briefly mined to aid in the construction of Arcturus Station.}}
## {{lb|en|philosophy}} A [[comprehensive]] and [[logically]] organized set of [[proposition]]s or philosophical [[belief]]s.
##* {{quote-book|en|year=2019|author=David McIlwain|title=Michael Oakeshott and Leo Strauss: The Politics of Renaissance and Enlightenment|isbn=9783030133801|page=131, note 5|pageurl=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6iONDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA131|text=In the footnote attached to this statement {{w|Stanley Rosen|Rosen}} refers to the “hypnotic” quality of {{w|Alexandre Kojève|Kojève}}’s '''system'''.}}
## {{lb|en|derogatory}} ''Preceded by the word'' '''{{l|en|the}}''': the [[mainstream]] [[culture]], [[control#Verb|controlled]] by the [[elite#Noun|elites]] or [[government]] of a [[state#Noun|state]], or a [[combination]] of them, seen as [[oppressive]] to the [[individual]].
##* {{quote-book|1=en|year=1919|author=Vance Marshall|title=Jail From Within|page=20|text=Some had already been incarcerated for several months awaiting trial, and some were being returned to their cells at Long Bay to wait several months longer ere they would have an` opportunity of disproving the allegations against them. Such mockery of justice is allowed by the all-powerful "'''system'''".}}
##* {{quote-song|en|author=[[w:Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]]; w:Stephen Bray; w:Patrick Leonard|artist=Madonna|title=Where's the Party|album=[[w:True Blue (Madonna album)|True Blue]]|year=1986|passage=Don't want to grow old too fast / Don't want to let the '''system''' get me down / I've got to find a way to make the good times last / And if you'll show me how, I'm ready now}}
## {{lb|en|RPG}} A set of [[rule]]s for a [[tabletop]] [[roleplaying game]].
# A [[method]] or [[way]] of [[organize#Noun|organizing]] or [[plan#Verb|planning]].
#: {{ux|en|Followers should have a '''system''' to follow that works in their interests, not against them.}}
#* {{RQ:Fielding Tom Jones|volume=IV|book=VIII|chapter=In which Fortune Seems to have been in a Better Humour with ''Jones'' than We have hitherto Seen Her|page=253|passage=But ſo Matters fell out, and ſo I muſt relate them; and if any Reader is ſhocked at their appearing unnatural, I cannot help it. I must remind ſuch Persons, that I am not writing a '''Syſtem''', but a Hiſtory, and I am not obliged to reconcile every Matter to the received Notions concerning Truth and Nature.}}
#* {{RQ:Birmingham Gossamer|chapter=I|pages=13–14|pageref=13|passage=As a political '''system''' democracy seems to me extraordinarily foolish, but I would not go out of my way to protest against it. My servant is, so far as I am concerned, welcome to as many votes as he can get. I would very gladly make mine over to him if I could.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=[[w:John Jost|John T[homas] Jost]]|title=Social Justice: Is It in Our Nature (and Our Future)?|url=http://www.americanscientist.org/bookshelf/pub/social-justice-is-it-in-our-nature-and-our-future|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621102658/http://www.americanscientist.org:80/bookshelf/pub/social-justice-is-it-in-our-nature-and-our-future|archivedate=21 June 2017|magazine=w:American Scientist|month=March–April|year=2012|volume=100|issue=2|page=162|passage=He draws eclectically on studies of baboons, descriptive anthropological accounts of hunter-gatherer societies and, in a few cases, the fossil record. With this biological framework in place, [[w:Peter Corning|[Peter] Corning]] endeavors to show that the capitalist '''system''' as currently practiced in the United States and elsewhere is manifestly unfair.}}

====Usage notes====
In attributive use, especially relating to computer systems, the plural is more common than the singular; one normally speaks of a ''systems engineer'' and not a ''system engineer''.

====Hyponyms====
{{col4|en
|absolute system
|Abt system
|apothecaries' system
|Ardois system
|alarm system
|aqueferous system
|automatic leveling system
|Bayer system
|belief system|Chappe system|design system|Edelcrantz system|rapid response system|reaction control system|Smith system|Speenhamland system
|Bethesda system
|Bertillon system
|binary system
|biological system
|block system
|brigade system
|Bessey system
|Caland system
|cardiovascular system
|Chautauqua system
|circulatory system|clipper system
|closed system
|climate system
|color coordinate system
|complex adaptive system
|complex system
|computer system
|conceptual system
|coordinate system
|contract system
|Copernican system|clock system|electrical system|fire alarm system|intercom system|lay system|lightning protection system|plumbing system|range safety system|sprinkler system
|Cronquist system
|Crofton system
|crystalsistem
|cultural system
|cyber-physical system
|decimal system
|dynamical system
|economic system
|ecosystem
|embedded system
|ethical system
|exhaust system
|expert system| reward system
|filing system
|fire system
|fly system
|formal system
|Ganz system
|Ghent system
|global positioning system
|Havesian system
|hire system
|honor system
|hyperbolic navigation system
|Hennebique system
|information system
|inverse system
|imperial system
|inquisitorial system
|isolated system
|issue tracking system
|intelligent transportation system
|legal system
|legacy stsem
|linear system
|logical system
|management system
|metric system
|moral system
|multi-agent system
|nervous system
|nominal type system
|open system
|operating system
|padrino system
|Palladius system
|physical system
|piece system
|platoon system
|political system
|prototype-based system
|Ptolemaic system
|proof system
|purchase system
|Pythagorean system
|Reed-Kellogg system
|ring system
|sealed system
|security system
|sensory system
|staff system
|social system
|sociotechnical system
|Solar System
|space power system
|Swiss system
|Schillinger system
|Steiner system
|Simon system
|squeaky wheel system
|subsystem
|taxonomic system
|travel system
|type system
|value system
|warden system
|Westminster system
|writing system
|ZW system
|XY system
|XX-XY system
|ZZ-ZW system
|X0 system|automated driving system|bulletin-board system|reputation system|time-delay measuring system| mountain system|patronage system|spoils system}}

====Derived terms====
{{col3|en
|agrosystem|system bus|system time
|agrisystem
|biosystem
|chronosystem
|cistem
|cryosystem
|cryptosystem
|cyclosystem
|deposystem
|diasystem
|ecosystem
|eigensystem
|exosystem
|geosystem
|heterosystem
|hydrosystem
|immunosystem
|infosystem
|intrasystem|system-on-chip
|metasystem
|microsystem
|macrosystem
|mesosystem
|multisystem
|nonsystem
|neurosystem
|pathosystem
|photosystem
|polysystem
|sys
|solsystem
|subsystem
|servosystem
|shitstem
|systemization
|supersystem
|systemness
|systemwise
|systemless
|systematic
|systemic
|systemin
|systemical
|systempunkt
|[[systematisation]], [[systematization]]
|[[systematise]], [[systematize]]
|[[system-wide]], [[systemwide]]
|tribosystem
|gaming the system
|out of one's system
|sociotechnical system theory
|system dynamics
|system pull
|systems art
|systems biology
|systems categories
|systems ecology
|systems engineering
|systems of measurement
|systems science
|systems theory
|absolute system|absorption system|Abt system|adaptive immune system|advanced train control system|adversarial system|airport system|alarm system|apothecaries' system|aquiferous system|Auburn system|automatic leveling system|autonomic nervous system|axiom system|axiomatic system|Bayer system|beat the system|belief system|Bertillon system|Bessey system|binary numeral system|binary star system|brigade system|buddy system|bulletin board system|cardiovascular system|central nervous system|circulatory system|climate system|closed circulatory system|closed system|combined braking system|complement system|content management system|contention system|contract system|crystal system|database management system|decimal system|direct system|document management system|double star system|drainage system|dynamic system|electoral system|eliminatory system|endocrine system|enteric nervous system|ethical system|exhaust system|extended real number system|extrasolar system|feudal system|file system|filing system|fire system|fly system|game the system|geographic information system|global distribution system|GPS system|Greek system|ground proximity warning system|h-system|Haversian system|Hennebique system|Hindley-Milner type system|hire system|honor system|honour system|hydrostatic pressure relief system|hyperbolic navigation system|immune system|imperial system|incident ticket system|innate immune system|inquisitorial system|instrument landing system|intake system|integumentary system|intelligent system|intelligent transportation system|international system|inverse system|issue tracking system|iterated function system|karaoke system|L-system|Labouchère system|learning content management system|legacy system|limbic system|Lindenmayer system|linear system|logical system|lymphatic system|management system|mancude-ring system|mesoscale convective system|microelectromechanical system|mini hi-fi system|moral system|multiple star system|name-based type system|nanoelectromechanical system|never change a running system|nominal type system|nominative type system|number system|oblique system of coordinates|open circulatory system|organ system|oscillating wave test system|PA system|package management system|padrino system|parasympathetic nervous system|perfect system|peripheral nervous system|piece system|planetary system|platoon system|play the system|pollution permit system|present system|primary life support system|proof system|public address system|purchase system|Pythagorean system|quadruple star system|real number system|Reed-Kellogg system|renin-angiotensin system|reproductive system|respiratory system|Rhesus system|ring system|root system|satellite navigation system|Schillinger system|sealed system|second-system effect|second-system syndrome|security system|shadow banking system|shock to the system|Simon system|single star system|Sol system|Solar system|somatic nervous system|sound system|space power system|split-system air conditioner|squeaky wheel system|staff system|Steiner system|stellar system|studio system|sub-system|supplemental restraint system|support ticket system|Swiss system|sympathetic nervous system|system administrator|system architecture|system of equations|system on a chip|system operator|system pull|system sales|system software|system tray|system-monger|taxonomic system|terrain awareness and warning system|thermodynamic system|three-party system|track and bowl system|travel system|trinary star system|tripartite system|triple star system|trouble ticket system|two-party system|type system|unified type system|value system|vegetative nervous system|vestibular system|voting system|warden system|water vascular system|Westminster parliamentary system|Westminster system|work the system|world-system|writing system|x-system|X0 system|XX-XY system|XY system|ZW system|ZZ-ZW system|π-system|excretory system|Isherwood system|one-party system|open-field system|plural system|Pupin system|Pupin's system|Sperner system|system seller|system unit|urinary system|cyber transport system|fatal system error|zombie system}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|ja|システム|tr=shisutemu|bor=1}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|group or set of related things that operate together as a complex whole}}
* Albanian: {{t+|sq|sistem|m}}
* Arabic: {{t+|ar|نِظَام|m}}, {{t|ar|جِهَاز|m}} {{qualifier|anatomy}}
*: Egyptian Arabic: {{t|arz|نظام|m|tr=neẓām}}, {{t|arz|سيستم|m|tr=sestem}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|համակարգ}}
* Asturian: {{t|ast|sistema|m}}
* Azerbaijani: {{t+|az|sistem}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|сістэ́ма|f}}, {{t|be|сыстэ́ма|f}}
* Bengali: {{t|bn|সিস্টেম}}, {{t+|bn|রীতি}}, {{t+|bn|পদ্ধতি}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|систе́ма|f}}
* Burmese: {{t+|my|နည်း}}, {{t+|my|စနစ်}}
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|sistema|m}}
* Cebuano: {{t|ceb|pamaagi}}
* Chinese:
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|系統|tr=hai6 tung2}}, {{t|yue|體系|tr=tai2 hai6}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|系統|tr=xìtǒng}}, {{t+|cmn|制度|tr=zhìdù}}, {{t+|cmn|體系|tr=tǐxì}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|systém|m}}, {{t+|cs|soustava|f}}
* Danish: {{t+|da|system|n}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|systeem|n}}, {{t+|nl|stelsel|n}}
* Esperanto: {{t|eo|sistemo}}, {{t|eo|komplekso}}
* Estonian: {{t|et|menetlus}}, {{t+|et|süsteem}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|järjestelmä}}
* French: {{t+|fr|système|m}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|sistema|m}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|სისტემა}}
* German: {{t+|de|System|n}}, {{t+|de|Ordnung|f}}, {{t+|de|Verbund|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|σύστημα|n}}
*: Ancient: {{t|grc|σύστημα|n}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|שִׁיטָה|tr=shitá|f}}
* Higaonon: {{t|mba|pamaagi}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|रीति}}, {{t+|hi|क्रम}}, {{t+|hi|सारणी}}, {{t|hi|सिस्टम|m}}, {{t+|hi|प्रणाली|f}}, {{t+|hi|तरीक़ा|m}} {{qualifier|method}}, {{t+|hi|सिरिश्ता|m}}, {{t+|hi|निजाम|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|rendszer}}, {{t+|hu|szisztéma}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|kerfi|n}}
* Ido: {{t+|io|sistemo}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|sistem}}
* Interlingua: {{t|ia|systema}}
* Irish: {{t|ga|córas|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|sistema|m}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|系統|tr=けいとう, keitō}}, {{t+|ja|系|tr=けい, kei}}, {{t+|ja|制度|tr=せいど, seido}}, {{t+|ja|体系|tr=たいけい, taikei}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|жүйе}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|ប្រព័ន្ធ}}
* Korean: {{t+|ko|체계(體系)}}, {{t+|ko|제도(制度)}}, {{t+|ko|계통(系統)}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|система}}, {{t|ky|тутум}}
* Lao: {{t+|lo|ລະບົບ}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|systēma|f}}
* Latvian: {{t|lv|sistēma|f}}
* Lithuanian: {{t+|lt|sistema|f}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|систем|m}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|sistem}}
* Maltese: {{t|mt|sistema}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|pūnaha}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t+|mn|журам}}
* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|system|n}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|system|n}}
* Occitan: {{t+|oc|sistèma|m}}
* Oromo: {{t|om|sirna}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|سیستم|tr=sistem}}, {{t+|fa|منظومه|tr=manzume}}, {{t+|fa|سامانه|tr=sâmâne}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|układ|f}}, {{t+|pl|system|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|sistema|m}}
* Romanian: {{t+|ro|sistem|n}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|систе́ма|f}}
* Sanskrit: {{t|sa|व्यवस्थ|m}}, {{t+|sa|क्रम|m}}
* Scots: {{t|sco|seestem}}
* Scottish Gaelic: {{t|gd|siostam|m}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|су́став|m}}, {{t|sh|сѝсте̄м|m}}
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|sústav|m}}, {{t+|sh|sìstēm|m}}
* Sindhi: {{t+|sd|سِرِشتو|tr=sirishtow|m}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|systém|m}}, {{t|sk|sústava|f}}
* Slovene: {{t|sl|sistem|m}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|sistema|m}}
* Swabian: {{t|swg|Sischdem}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|mfumo}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|system|n}}
* Tagalog: {{t+|tl|sistema}}, {{t|tl|kaayusan}}
* Tajik: {{t|tg|систем}}
* Telugu: {{t+|te|వ్యవస్థ|?}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ระบบ}}
* Turkish: {{t+|tr|usul}}, {{t+|tr|sistem}}, {{t+|tr|düzen}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|sistema}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|систе́ма|f}}
* Urdu: {{t|ur|نظام|m|tr=nizām}}
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|سىستېما}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|tizim}}, {{t+|uz|sistema}}
* Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|hệ thống}} ({{t|vi|系統}})
* Volapük: {{t+|vo|sitot}}
* Welsh: {{t+|cy|system|m|f}}
* West Frisian: {{t|fy|systeem|n}}, {{t|fy|stelsel}}
* Yiddish: {{t|yi|סיסטעם|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|(''computing'') set of hardware and software operating in a computer}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|系統|tr=xìtǒng}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|järjestelmä}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|rendszer}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|жүйе}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|sistema|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|систе́ма|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|(''mathematics'') set of equations to be solved simultaneously}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|систе́ма|f}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|方程組|tr=fāngchéngzǔ}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|yhtälöryhmä}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|sistema|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|egyenletrendszer}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|دستگاه|tr=dastgâh}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|систе́ма|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|(''music'') set of staves indicating instruments or sounds to be played simultaneously}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t|cmn|譜表組|tr=pǔbiǎozǔ}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|viivastoryhmä}}
* German: {{t+|de|Akkolade|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|(''physiology'') set of body organs having a particular function}}
* Chinese:
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|系統|tr=xìtǒng}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|elimistö}}
* French: {{t+|fr|système}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|szervrendszer}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|sistema}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|器系|tr=きけい, kikei}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|жүйе}}
* Kurdish:
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t|kmr|koendam|f}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|sistem}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|układ|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|sistema|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|систе́ма|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|sistema}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|mainstream culture}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|systeemi}}, {{t+|fi|yhteiskunta}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|rendszer}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|sistema|m}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|method or way of organizing}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|организа́ция|f}}, {{t+|bg|поря́дък|m}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|järjestelmä}}
* German: {{t+|de|System|n}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|rendszer}}
* Kazakh: {{t|kk|жүйе}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|sistema|m}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|систе́ма|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

====See also====
* {{l|en|network}}

===References===
<references />

===Further reading===
* {{pedia}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=emssty|stymes}}

{{cln|en|collective nouns}}
{{C|en|Systems|Systems theory|Multiplicity (psychology)}}

==Danish==

===Etymology===
From late {{der|da|la|systēma}}, from {{der|da|grc|σύστημα||organised whole, body}}, from {{m|grc|σύν||with, together}} + {{m|grc|ἵστημι||I stand}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|da|/systeːm/|[syˈsd̥eːˀm]}}

===Noun===
{{da-noun|et|er}}

# {{l|en|system}}

====Declension====
{{da-noun-infl|et|er}}

===See also===
* {{pedia|lang=da}}

===References===
* {{R:DDO}}

==French==

===Etymology===
From {{der|fr|en|system}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{homophone|fr|système}}

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|m}}

# Word used in {{m|fr|star system}}

==Kashubian==

===Etymology===
{{dercat|csb|la|grc}}
{{bor+|csb|pl|system}}. {{dbt|csb|systema}}, a borrowing from German.

===Pronunciation===
{{csb-pr}}

===Noun===
{{csb-noun|f}}

# {{syn of|csb|systema}}.

===Further reading===
* {{R:csb:SPK|+}}

==Norwegian Bokmål==

===Etymology===
From {{der|nb|grc|σύστημα}}.

===Noun===
{{nb-noun-n3}}

# a {{l|en|system}}

====Derived terms====
{{col3|nb
|datasystem
|kjølesystem
|kloakksystem
|koordinatsystem
|nervesystem
|operativsystem
|solsystem
|varslingssystem
|værsystem
|økosystem
}}

===References===
* {{R:The Bokmål Dictionary}}

==Norwegian Nynorsk==

===Etymology===
From {{der|nn|grc|σύστημα}}.

===Noun===
{{nn-noun-n1}}

# a {{l|en|system}}

====Derived terms====
{{col3|nn
|datasystem
|kjølesystem
|kloakksystem
|koordinatsystem
|nervesystem
|operativsystem
|solsystem
|varslingssystem
|økosystem
}}

===References===
* {{R:The Nynorsk Dictionary}}

==Polish==
{{wp|lang=pl}}

===Alternative forms===
* {{alt|pl|systema||obsolete}}

===Etymology===
{{dercat|pl|LL.|grc}}
{{bor+|pl|fr|système}}.<ref>{{R:pl:WSWO}}</ref><ref>{{R:pl:USJP}}</ref> {{etydate|1628}}.{{ref|{{cite-book|pl|author=Maksym (Melecjusz) Smotrycki|title=APOLOGIA PEREGRYNATIEY do Kráiow Wschodnich, Przez mię MELETIVSZA SMOTRZYSKIE[G]O [...] Roku P. 1623 y 24. obchodzonej, przez fałszywą Bracią słownie y na pismie spotwarzoney, do przezacnego Narodu Ruskieo [...] sporządzona y podana. A. 1628. Augusti, Die 25. w Monasteru Dermaniu|year=1628|url=https://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=374611|page=4|text=O rzecz drugą, iż Haeretyckie swe bluźnierstwá poddał pod obronę '''systemu''' Kátholikowi, mężowi wysokich cnot, y okazáłey pobożnośći.}}}}

===Pronunciation===
{{pl-pr|a=Pl-system.ogg|mp=#,[ém]}}

===Noun===
{{pl-noun|m-in|adj=systemowy|dim=systemik}}

# {{l|en|system}} {{gl|collection of organized things; whole composed of relationships among its members}}
#: {{syn|pl|układ}}
# {{lb|pl|technology}} {{l|en|system}} {{gl|set of devices and tools as a whole}}
# {{lb|pl|physiology}} {{l|en|system}} {{gl|set of body organs having a particular function}}
#: {{syn|pl|układ}}
# {{lb|pl|literary|philosophy}} {{l|en|system}} {{gl|comprehensive and logically organized set of propositions or philosophical beliefs}}
#: {{par|pl|teoria}}
# {{l|en|system}} {{gl|method or way of organizing or planning}}
#: {{par|pl|metoda}}
# {{lb|pl|government}} {{l|en|system}} {{gl|elites or government of a state}}
#: {{syn|pl|ustrój}}
# {{lb|pl|mathematics}} {{l|en|system}} {{gl|set of equations involving the same variables, which are to be solved simultaneously}}
# {{lb|pl|computing}} {{l|en|system}} {{gl|set of hardware and software operating in a computer}}
# {{lb|pl|geology}} [[formation]] {{gl|layer of rock of common origin}}
# {{lb|pl|astronomy}} {{l|en|system}} {{gl|planetary system; a set of planets orbiting a star or star system}}
#: {{syn|pl|układ}}
# {{lb|pl|obsolete|music}} {{l|en|system}} {{gl|set of staves linked by a brace that indicate instruments or sounds that are to be played simultaneously}}

====Declension====
{{pl-decl-noun-m-in}}

====Derived terms====
{{col-auto|pl|title=nouns|proporcjonalny system wyborczy|system argentyński|system operacyjny|system pozycyjny}}

====Related terms====
{{col-auto|pl|title=adjective|systematyczny}}
{{col-auto|pl|title=adverbs|systematycznie|systemowo}}
{{col-auto|pl|title=noun|systematyczność}}

===Trivia===
{{pl-freq 1990|62|26|76|0|1|165|348|573|2}}

===References===
{{reflist}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:pl:WSJP}}
* {{R:pl:PWN}}
* {{R:pl:SJP1807|systema}}
* {{R:pl:SJP1861}}
* {{R:pl:SJP1900||545|6}}

==Swedish==

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|sv|/syst.eːm/}}
* {{audio|sv|Sv-system.ogg}}

===Noun===
{{sv-noun|n}}

# a {{l|en|system}}, a way or [[method]] of organizing items and knowledge
# a [[computer]] system (primarily its hardware)
# a system of restricted sales of [[alcohol]], including state-owned monopoly shops

====Declension====
{{sv-infl-noun-n-zero}}

====Hyponyms====
{{col4|sv
|datorsystem
|ekosystem
|Göteborgssystem
|koordinatsystem
|operativsystem
|Stockholmssystem
|sexualsystem
|tipssystem
}}

====Derived terms====
{{col4|sv
|systemanalys
|systemanrop
|systematik
|systematiker
|systematisera
|systematisering
|systematisk
|systembildning
|systembolag
|systembutik
|systembyggande
|systembyggnad
|systemenhet
|systemera
|systemerare
|systemering
|systemfel
|systemförvaltning
|systemkamera
|systemkasse
|systemkritik
|systemkritiker
|systemkritisk
|systemleverantör
|systemlös
|systemlösning
|systemman
|systemprogram
|systemprogrammering
|systempåse
|systemskifte
|systemteknik
|systemtippning
|systemtips
|systemutveckling
}}

===References===
* {{R:svenska.se|saol}}

===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|sv|a=emssty|mysets}}

==Welsh==

===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|cy|sustem}}

===Etymology===
From {{bor|cy|en|system}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|cy|/ˈsɨ̞sdɛm/|[ˈsɨ̞stɛm]|a=cy-N}}
* {{IPA|cy|/ˈsɪsdɛm/|[ˈsɪstɛm]|a=cy-S}}

===Noun===
{{cy-noun|f|systemau}}

# [[#English|system]]
#: {{syn|cy|cyfundrefn}}

====Usage notes====
Being a word borrowed from English derived from Greek, the ''y'' in ''system'' is pronounced /ɨ̞, ɪ/ rather than expected /ə/. To preserve consistency between pronunciation and spelling, some prefer to spell this word {{l|cy|sustem}}. Nevertheless, ''system'' is the more common spelling of the two. See {{l|cy|pyramid}}/{{l|cy|puramid}}, {{l|cy|symbol}}/{{l|cy|sumbol}}, {{l|cy|synthesis}}/{{l|cy|sunthesis}} for similar examples.

====Derived terms====
* {{l|cy|systematig||systematic}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:cy:GPC}}