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柴

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 茈
柴 U+67F4, 柴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67F4
← 柳
[U+67F3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 柵 →
[U+67F5]

Translingual

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Han character

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柴 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜心木 (YPD), four-corner 21904, composition ⿱此木)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 521, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14664
  • Dae Jaweon: page 909, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1197, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+67F4

Chinese

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trad. 柴
simp. # 柴
alternative forms 茈
𡍥

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 柴
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (此) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
些 *saːls, *sjaːl, *seːs
跐 *ʔsreːʔ, *ʔseʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ʔsreʔ
柴 *zreː
祡 *zreː
茈 *zreː, *ʔseʔ, *ze
眦 *zreːs
砦 *zraːds
寨 *zraːds, *slɯːɡ
啙 *ʔseː, *zeːʔ, *ʔseʔ
泚 *sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ
玼 *sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ze
皉 *sʰeːʔ
鮆 *zeːʔ, *ʔse
眥 *zeːs, *zes
貲 *ʔse
髭 *ʔse
頾 *ʔse
訾 *ʔse, *ʔseʔ
鴜 *ʔse, *ze
鈭 *ʔse, *sʰe
姕 *ʔse, *sʰe, *ze
觜 *ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ
紫 *ʔseʔ
訿 *ʔseʔ
呰 *ʔseʔ
嘴 *ʔseʔ
雌 *sʰe
此 *sʰeʔ
佌 *sʰeʔ, *seʔ
庛 *sʰes
疵 *ze
骴 *ze, *zes
胔 *ze, *zes
飺 *ze
齜 *ʔsre

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zreː) : phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) + semantic 木.

Etymology 1

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Perhaps related to 槎 (OC *zraːl, *zraːlʔ, “to cut trees”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Khmer ឈើ (chəə, “wood”) (ibid.).

On the other hand, the Min forms (e.g. Jian'ou châu, Fuzhou chà, Xiamen chhâ) are from 樵 (OC *zew).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • ca2 - vernacular;
  • cor2 - vernacular;
  • cai2 - literary.
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
    • chhâ - vernacular;
    • chhâi - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 柴
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰai³⁵/
Harbin /t͡sʰai²⁴/
/ʈ͡ʂʰai²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡sʰai⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰɛ⁴²/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂʰɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰai⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡sʰai²⁴/
Xining /t͡sʰɛ²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰɛ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰɛ⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡sʰai⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰai²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰai³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰai²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰæ³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰae²⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰe̞⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰai¹¹/ 片～
/t͡sʰai⁴⁵/ ～市巷
Pingyao /sæ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰɛ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /za²³/
Suzhou /zɑ¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡ze̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /za³¹/
Hui Shexian /sa⁴⁴/
Tunxi /sa⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sai¹³/
Xiangtan /d͡zai¹²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰai²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰai¹¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰeu¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰai²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰai²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰai²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sʰai³⁵/
/t͡sʰa³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰa⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰau³³/ 訓讀
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰa⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sai³¹/
/sa³¹/
Rime
Character 柴
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 崇 (20)
Final (韻) 佳 (31)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 士佳切
Baxter dzrea
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ʒˠɛ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɖ͡ʐᵚæ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ʒæi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɖ͡ʐaɨj/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ʒɛ/
Wang
Li 		/d͡ʒai/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɖ͡ʐʱai/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chái
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		caai4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 柴
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzrɛ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[C.dz]ˁre(j)/
English firewood

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 柴
Reading # 1/1
No. 1688
Phonetic
component 		此
Rime
group 		支
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		柴
Old
Chinese 		/*zreː/
Definitions
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柴

  1. faggot; bundle of sticks bound together (as fuel)
  2. firewood; brushwood; wood
  3. (obsolete) to burn firewood and worship heaven
  4. (dialectal) bony; skinny
  5. (dialectal, of food, particularly meat) tough and dry (as opposed to tender and succulent); stringy; hard to chew
  6. (dialectal) no good; poor; inferior
  7. (Min) slow and inarticulate; dull
  8. a surname
    柴榮／柴荣  ―  Chái Róng  ―  Chai Rong (Emperor Shizong of Later Zhou)
Synonyms
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  • (wood):
Dialectal synonyms of 木頭 (“wood; log; timber”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 木頭
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 木頭
Taiwan 木頭
Singapore 木頭
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 木頭
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 木頭
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 木頭
Wuhan 木頭
Guilin 木頭
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 木頭
Hefei 木頭
Cantonese Guangzhou 木
Hong Kong 木
Yangjiang 木頭
Gan Nanchang 木頭
Hakka Meixian 樹料, 木頭
Jin Taiyuan 木頭
Northern Min Jian'ou 柴
Eastern Min Fuzhou 柴
Southern Min Xiamen 柴
Taipei (Wanhua) 柴
Kaohsiung 柴
Yilan 柴
Changhua (Lukang) 柴
Taichung 柴
Taichung (Wuqi) 柴
Tainan 柴
Taitung 柴
Hsinchu 柴
Penghu (Magong) 柴
Manila (Hokkien) 柴
Chaozhou 柴
Wu Suzhou 木頭
Wenzhou 木頭, 樹 log
Xiang Changsha 木頭
Shuangfeng 樹
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2

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Definitions
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柴

  1. † to fence; to surround and protect with fence (made of wood)
    《鹿柴》  ―  “Lùzhài”  ―  Deer Fence, a poem by Wang Wei
  2. † to cover; to place something over
  3. † to stop; to block; to obstruct
  4. † Alternative form of 寨 (zhài, “defending fence”)
  5. † Alternative form of 寨 (zhài, “villa”)
Compounds
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Etymology 2

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From English chevron (Leung, 2018).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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柴

  1. (Hong Kong) chevron (insignia); stripe (Classifier: 條／条 c)

Compounds

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Further reading

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Japanese

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Kanji

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柴

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. brushwood
  2. firewood

Readings

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  • Go-on: ぜ (ze)
  • Kan-on: さい (sai)
  • Kun: しば (shiba, 柴)

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
柴
しば
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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柴(しば) • (shiba) 

  1. brushwood, firewood

Proper noun

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柴(しば) • (Shiba) 

  1. a surname

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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柴 • (si, chae) (hangeul 시, 채, revised si, chae, McCune–Reischauer si, ch'ae, Yale si, chay)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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柴: Hán Nôm readings: sài, thầy, thài, thày, sầy, xầy

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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