Ŝirazoj
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Por samtitola artikolo vidu la paĝon Ŝirazo. |
| Ŝirazoj | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
| etno | |||
| Svahiloj | |||
| Suma populacio | |||
| Svahila Marbordo | |||
| Ŝtatoj kun signifa populacio | |||
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| Lingvo(j) | |||
| Svahila | |||
| Religio | |||
| Islamo (Sunaismo, Ŝijaismo) | |||
Ŝirazoj (svahile Washirazi) (ankaŭ Mbwera/Wambwera) estas popolo de la insuloj de la Hinda Oceano, precipe tiuj de Zanzibaro kaj Komoroj[1][2].
Ili devenas de Ŝirazo kaj la persa marbordo (nun Irano).
La Ŝirazoj multe kontribuis al la disvastiĝo de Islamo, la starigo de la araba sultano kaj la svahila lingvo, same kiel la prospero de la sklavkomerco kaj de la diversaj varoj de la kontinento de Afriko, kiuj okazis el iliaj insuloj.[2][3][4][noto 1][5][6]
Ĝis hodiaŭ preskaŭ ĉiuj parolas svahilajn dialektojn kaj sekvas la religion de Islamo.
En la 20-a jarcento la nomo "Shirazi" akiris internacian popularecon kiam kontraŭuloj de la araba regado sur la insulo Unguĵo faris la revolucion en Zanzibaro en la nomo de la "Afro-Shirazi Party", kiu plu regis Zanzibaron ĝis 1977, kiam ĝi aliĝis al la kontinenta TANU kaj fariĝis Chama Cha Mapinduzi (la Partio de la Revolucio) kaj tiel lasante sian nomon.
Notoj
[redakti | redakti fonton]- ↑ The Bantu-speaking slaves sourced from the East Africa coast are called Zanj in Islamic literature.
Referencoj
[redakti | redakti fonton]- ↑ Tanzania Ethnic Groups, East Africa Living Encyclopedia, accessed 28 June 2010
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Ari Nave. (2010) Anthony Appiah (ed.), Henry Louis Gates (ed.): Encyclopedia of Africa. Oxford University Press, p. 379. ISBN 978-0-19-533770-9. “Most scholars, however, believe that the Shirazi actually began their settlement of the East African coast in the twelfth century and that they originated in Somalia. Shirazi established themselves on the following islands: Lamu Kenya, Pemba Zanzibar, Mafia and Kilqa Kiswani all in Tanzania and Comoros. (...) Known for their mercantile skills, the Shirazi asserted themselves as ruling elites as early as the twelfth century on the islands that were their base. Trade in gold, ivory and slaves brought prosperity to the Shirazi”.
- ↑ August H. Nimtz. (1980) Islam and Politics in East Africa. University of Minnesota Press, p. 3–11, 30–33, 39–47. ISBN 978-0-8166-0963-5. “"The Shirazi were classified as native, that is, Africans, and this they were of low status. Prior to the colonial era, the Shirazi and Arabs saw themselves, for the most part, as one community. (...) Unlike the previous periods in which African captives were usually taken to Persian Gulf areas to work primarily as domestic laborers, by the nineteenth century, most slaves were being utlized on the vast clove and plantations on the East African coast and offshore islands. (...) Arab rule, from this period until its demise at the hands of the European powers, became virtually synonymous with slavery and slave ownership." (...) "Though Shirazi ownership of slaves was never as extensive as the Arabs, slaves were a major source of their wealth"”.
- ↑ Per O. Hernæs, Tore Iversen (eds.). (2002) Slavery Across Time and Space: Studies in Slavery in Medieval Europe and Africa. University of Virginia, p. 23. ISBN 8277650418.
- ↑ Alexander Mikaberidze. (2011) Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, p. 969. ISBN 978-1-59884-336-1. “the Bantu-speaking peoples of East Africa were called the Zanj and blacks from south of the Sahara were called al-Aswad”.
- ↑ Ronald Segal. (2002) Islam's Black Slaves: The Other Black Diaspora. Macmillan, p. 42. ISBN 978-0-374-52797-6. “"As early as the late seventh century, black slaves known as the Zanj, associated with people from the East African coast, were put to agricultural work in a region that encompassed part of western Persia but mainly southern Iraq."”.
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