INGSA16E4M
INGSA16E4M
INGSA16E4M
IV
Medio
Students Book
Eugenia Contreras Mndez
MA English as a Foreign
Language, FUNIBER.
Ronda Haverland
MA TESOL, Institute of
Education University of London.
Lisa Huck
Cambridge Celta 2006,
Calgary, Canada; Academic
Writing certificate, Athabasca
University, Canada.
Index
Get To Know Your Book!...................................................................................................................................................................................................4
Scope and Sequence of Your Book......................................................................................................................................................................6
Welcome....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8
Unit 1: People and Our Beliefs
90
110
130
150
Bibliography 214
Websites 214
Listening
Writing
Pronunciation
Practice
Language in Use
Learning Tip
American/British
Speak Out!
Step it Up!
Living in Harmony
Review
Worksheets
Project
My Progress
CD
This indicates an audio track.
55
UNIT
People and
our Beliefs
1
unit
Writing
Use connectors to sequence sentences in
a logical, cohesive and coherent way for
communicational purposes.
Correction of cohesion and coherence
of their writing tasks according to its
communicational purpose and audience.
Living in Harmony
Respecting and valuing the ideas and cultures of all people equally.
10
UNIT 1
Contents
Stereotypes
Vocabulary
on clothing
and describing
people
Cultural
differences
Reading
An article
p.12-13
A description
p.14
An email
p.14
A narrative
monologue
p.15
Three stories
p.18-19
Urban legends
Myths and
folktales
Music genres
and music
festivals
unit
Compound
adjectives
De la Fuente, G (1943 - 1946). Ferrocarriles del Estado. Mural Painting.
Speaking
Integrate listening skills as a basic for oral
interaction.
Signal attention, understanding agreement
and disagreement to initiate, maintain and
close a conversation.
30
Unit 2
p.30-49
UNIT
Whats On?
3
unit
Formal and
informal letters
Speaking
Integrate listening skills as a basic ability for
oral interaction.
Signal attention, understanting, agreement
and disagreement in conversations, and
initiate, maintain and close a conversation.
Self correct and reword statements.
Writing
Use connectors to sequence sentences in
a logical, cohesive and coherent way for
communicational purposes.
Correction of cohesion and coherence
of their writing tasks according to its
communicational purpose and audience.
Living in Harmony
Learning to reflect on what we see and read before we decide it is true or false.
UNIT 3
p.50-69
Language
related to
driving and
safety
Language
related to
Keeping up with technological
gadgets and the
Technology
effects of using
Internet
4
unit
Phrasal verbs
Modal verbs
Reading and Understanding
Speaking
Use skimming and scanning reading
Integrate listening skills as a basic ability for
techniques.
oral interaction.
Locate evidence within the text that allows
Signal attention, understanting, agreement
the justification of simple infereces.
and disagreement in conversations, and
Integrate written expression to demonstrate
initiate, maintain and close a conversation.
understanding of texts that have been read.
Self correct and reword statements.
Listening and Understanding
Identify relevant details to find out the main
points of a listening text.
Locate expressions and fixed phrases
associated to communicative functions.
Integrate oral and written expression to
demonstrate understanting of listening texts.
Writing
Use connectors to sequence sentences in
a logical, cohesive and coherent way for
communicational purposes.
Correction of cohesion and coherence
of their writing tasks according to its
communicational purpose and audience.
Living in Harmony
Discussing our responsibility in the use of technology and reflecting on our personal role in a
changing society.
70
UNIT 4
p.70-89
Linking words
Compound
nouns on
technology and
the future
A debate
p.16
Retelling a
story
p.24
Music genres
p.31
An interview
p. 34
An article
p.38
An interview
p.35
Preferences
p.37
Four
summaries
p.41
A conversation Discussing
p.39
literature
p.40
A report
p.43
Finding out
information
p.44
An article
p.51-52
An article
p.58-59
A narrative
text
p.64
Telling stories
UNIT
Describing
people
p.11
An article
p.32-33
Social
Networking
Reality Shows
Speaking
Writing
Wrapping Up
A description
p.13
Review
p.25
A summary
of a popular
story
p.19
Worksheets
p.26
An original
story
p.24
Project
p.28
My Progress
p.29
A story
p.22
Literature and
film
Advertising
Whats On?
50
street art
A song
p.17
A conversation
p.20
p.10-29
UNIT
Listening
A conversation Discussing
p.54
about reality
show
A TV episode
p.53
p.55
A debate
The history of
p. 61
a product
p.60
Retelling a
story
A story
p.64
p.62
A conversation
p.63
An article
p.72-73
A report
p.74
An essay
p.76
A report
p.75
An article
p.78-79
A narrative
monologue
p.80
An informative
text
A TV
p.81
programme
p.82
An article
p.84
Discussing
about social
networks
p.73
Making
predictions
p.83
A text
message
p.36
Review
p.45
A paragraph
on the
relationship
with social
media
p.42
Project
p.48
Worksheets
p.46
My Progress
p.49
A paragraph
on a cultural
movement
p.44
An email to a
friend
p.54
An email to
an authority
p.57
Opinions
about
advertising
p.59
Two text
messages
p.71
An essay
p.77
A list of rules
p.80
Review
p.65
Worksheets
p.66
Project
p.68
My Progress
p.69
Review
p.85
Worksheets
p.86
Project
p.88
My Progress
p.89
Units
UNIT
Part Time or
Full Time?
5
unit
Speaking
Integrate listening skills as a basic ability for
oral interaction.
Signal attention, understanting, agreement
and disagreement in conversations, and
initiate, maintain and close a conversation.
Self correct and reword statements.
Writing
Use connectors to sequence sentences in
a logical, cohesive and coherent way for
communicational purposes.
Correction of cohesion and coherence
of their writing tasks according to its
communicational purpose and audience.
Contents
Vocabulary
on career
prospects, jobs
and job skills
Reported
speech and
reported
questions
2nd conditional
Reading
Listening
An article
p.92-93
A description
p.91
An article
p.98
An interview
p.95
An informative A radio
text
programme
p.101
p.100
Speaking
Interviewing
your
classmate
p.94
Writing
Two
descriptions
p.97
A curriculum
Role-playing a
vitae
dialogue
p.104
p.97
An interview
p.102
Wrapping Up
Review
p.105
Worksheets
p.106
Project
p.108
My Progress
p.109
Living in Harmony
Practising good work ethics and rigour while being responsible and perseverant.
90
UNIT 5
p.90-109
UNIT
Spending Time
Together
6
unit
Speaking
Integrate listening skills as a basic for oral
interaction.
Signal attention, understanding agrrement and
disagreement to initiate, maintain and close a
conversation.
Writing
Use connectors to sequence sentences in
a logical, cohesive and coherent way for
communicational purposes.
Correction of cohesion and coherence of their
writing tasks according to its communicational
purpose and audience.
Living in Harmony
Understanding relationships with friends and family while respecting other cultures.
110
UNIT 6
p.110-129
UNIT
Moving
Forward
7
unit
Moving Forward
Vocabulary
on free time,
friendship and
travelling
Connectors
Three
narrative
texts
Uses of play, do,
p.115
and go
An article
Should/
p.118-119
shouldnt
Two
descriptions
p.124
Language
related to
health and
habits
Used to
3rd conditional
Prefixes
UNIT 7
p.130-149
UNIT
The Price
of Progress
8
unit
Speaking
Integrate listening skills as a basic ability for
oral interaction.
Signal attention, understanting, agreement and
disagreement in conversations, and initiate,
maintain and close a conversation.
Self correct and reword statements.
Writing
Use connectors to sequence sentences in
a logical, cohesive and coherent way for
communicational purposes.
Correction of cohesion and coherence
of their writing tasks according to its
communicational purpose and audience.
Living in Harmony
Learning about our own natural resources and being conscious of our and other peoples actions.
150
UNIT 8
p.150-169
A blog entry
p.117
A paragraph
Discussing
on cultural
aspects
about
p.119
teenagers
A conversation
p.112
p.116
A description
Giving advice
p.124
A narrative
p.113
text
p.121
Interviewing
your
A narrative
classmate
monologue
p.116
p.122
Role-playing a
situation
p.120
A song
p.114
A narrative
monologue
p.135
An informative
A report
text
p.140
p.137
Four narrative A radio
programme
texts
p.142
p.138
Discussing
about health
p.135
A paragraph
giving advice
p.137
Sharing ideas
about a text
p.139
A letter
p.141
Discussing
about staying
healthy
p.142
Review
p.125
Worksheets
p.126
Project
p.128
My Progress
p.129
Review
p.145
Worksheets
p.146
Project
p.148
My Progress
p.149
An article
p.144
Language
related
to natural
resources
and the
environment
Suffixes
An article
p.132-133
An article
p.141
Writing
Use connectors to sequence sentences in
a logical, cohesive and coherent way for
communicational purposes.
Correction of cohesion and coherence
of their writing tasks according to its
communicational purpose and audience.
Living in Harmony
Emphasizing the importance of a healthy diet and good habits to preserve our health.
Knowledge of the self, ones potentials and limitations.
130
A poem
p.113
Question tags
I wish/If only
Reading and Understanding
Speaking
Use skimming and scanning reading
Integrate listening skills as a basic ability for
techniques.
oral interaction.
Locate evidence within the text that allows Signal attention, understanting, agreement
the justification of simple infereces.
and disagreement in conversations, and
Integrate written expression to demonstrate
initiate, maintain and close a conversation.
understanding of texts that have been read.
Self correct and reword statements.
An article
p.111
Direct and
indirect
questions
Adverbs
Connectors
Two poems
p.151
Four
informative
texts
p.152-153
An article
p.157
An article
p.158
An article
p.161
An article
p.163
A report
p.154
Discussing
about natural
resources
A conversation
p.154
p.155
Role-playing a
A weather
dialogue
forecast
p.156
p.160
Discussing
A conversation
about climate
p.164
changes
p.160
An email
p.160
Review
p.165
A report
p.163
Worksheets
p.166
Project
p.168
My Progress
p.169
Interviewing
your classmate
p.162
Welcome
1
Im bad at learning
languages. Ill never
improve.
Daniel
Cris
I need to
translate
every word.
I need to
study more
grammar.
Eva
Manu
Speaking
2 Talk to your partner and answer the following questions using the
Speak Out! box for help.
a
b
c
d
e
SPEAK OUT!
I often chat with...
I see...
I usually listen to...
I have heard...
I always watch videos in...
b Write down two more easy aspects of learning English. Then think about what you find difficult. Share
your ideas with your partner.
Welcome
Listening
4 Its the second day of school. Carla and Patricia
are friends but are in different classes. They
havent seen each other since December. They
meet in the middle of the hall.
a
Carla is afraid of
.
of other students.
Carla feels
.
Patricia has started
.
Patricia does this
.
Patricia says it helps her
Speaking
5 Work in groups to put the questions in order.
Then, add some new ideas to the table.
a you / do / speaking / in / Why / important /
and / think / writing / English / is / ?
English is important
because:
ex: improves our CV
unit
Speaking
Integrate listening skills as a basic ability for
oral interaction.
Signal attention, understanting, agreement
and disagreement in conversations, and
initiate, maintain and close a conversation.
Self correct and reword statements.
Writing
Use connectors to sequence sentences in
a logical, cohesive and coherent way for
communicational purposes.
Correction of cohesion and coherence
of their writing tasks according to its
communicational purpose and audience.
Living in Harmony
Respecting and valuing the ideas and cultures of all people equally.
10
Unit 1
o
L es s n
Do teenagers look the same all over the world? Are there stereotypes?
Vocabulary
1 Look at the pictures and, in pairs, describe what they are wearing. Use the words to help you.
ring
headband
hoodie
t-shirt
necklace
earrings
leggings
belt
tie
Francisco
2
3
Camila
Tops:
Bottoms:
Jewellery: ring, ...
Accessories:
Footwear:
trousers
boots
Javier
shirt
Sol
Speaking
4 Interview three classmates with the questions
below. Then prepare a presentation with the
results obtained.
a What clothes do you usually wear?
b Do you like colourful clothes? What colours
do you prefer?
c Do you ever wear baggy or tight-fitting jeans
or trousers? When?
d What do you usually wear when you go out?
11
Whats in our
Pre-Reading
5 Look at the title of the article. In pairs, discuss the key
aspects we notice in other peoples appearance. Are
you concerned with maintaining your appearance?
6
What
does the word stereotype mean?
While Reading
6 Read the article quickly. Is the article about...
a fashion?
b stereotypes?
c discrimination?
7 Read the text again. Are the statements True (T) or
False (F)? Justify your answer with information from
the text. With a partner, explain your answers and
your reasoning.
Post-Reading
a What is a stereotype? What examples can you
give?
b Are first impressions dangerous? Why/Why not?
c What do you think your clothes say about you? Is
it the message you want to project to society?
d Do you think the media has a positive or negative
effect on common stereotypes? Why?
British / American
12
colour
behaviour
fibres
fringe
trousers
jewellery
color
behavior
fibers
bangs
pants
jewelry
commons.wikimedia.org
Unit 1
appearance?
people wrap their heads. Some people prefer natural
fibres and others prefer more industrial fabrics. Does
this mean they have a defined personality type?
What about young people? In this age of communication,
youngsters all around the world follow their own trends
and you will find a teenager with spiked dyed hair as
well as piercings, chatting on the Internet with a friend
on the other side of the globe who is wearing baggy
clothes and has a shaggy haircut. However, both are
probably wearing trainers on their feet and share the
same musical preferences. Whatever their appearance,
tall or short, slim or broad or wearing vintage clothes,
will this image tell us about someones behaviour?
We tend to form stereotypes simply because our
brains like to put information in order. It is easier
to remember things or people if we put them into
categories. This developmental theory however should
not make us label people just because they remind
us of something or
someone. We need
to get to know the
other person before
we form an opinion
of them. Have
you ever formed
an opinion about
somebody that was
commons.wikimedia.org
completely wrong?
Adapted from Lewin, K. (1999). The Complete Social Scientist: A Kurt Lewis Reader.
Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association Press
Speaking
10 In pairs, answer the question Have you ever
formed an opinion about somebody that was
completely wrong? Tell each other about it.
speak out!
We use these expressions to describe people.
He / She is / was thin / tall, etc.
Hes / was wearing jeans.
Theyre / were dressed in
He / She has / had long hair
He / She could be
He / She looks / looked an extrovert because.
Writing
11 Considering stereotypes as constructions of
society and not as truths, write a description of
the topic. Follow the steps below.
a Pre-writing. Choose a topic from the
following list and brainstorm ideas.
Then, organize them.
- A person who works in the entertainment area
- A person from a different continent
- A person from an ethnic group
- A person from a big or small city
b Drafting. Write a draft of your description and
check the main, second and closing ideas.
c Revising. Once you have finished writing, read
your work and check it.
d Editing. Read your work again and edit it
looking for any mistakes or aspects you want to
improve.
Vocabulary
9 Find words in the text that describe hair, clothes, and
people. Use a dictionary if you dont understand
some of the words. Complete the box.
hair
clothes
people
13
While Reading
commons.wikimedia.org
From:
Pre-Listening
To:
From:
Hi Mark,
What a wonderful city London is. I had a totally
different idea of what I would find. Everybody
says that British people are very reserved, (that
they love their pets more than people!), that they
dress traditionally and eat fish and chips. To tell
you the truth I find them quite outgoing, polite
and helpful. I never imagined I would find such a
large multi-cultural city, people from all over the
world wearing incredible clothes; soft materials
and very bright colours in trousers and dresses,
all shapes and sizes; wonderful headdresses
like the turbans and scarves worn in so many
different ways. Im really living a cultural shock
but very pleased to be here. Hope to see you
soon in Cambridge.
While Listening
13
Mark
Pablo
iii
iv
Post Listening
14 Work in pairs. Describe the other photo in detail.
Try to use at least 4 new words. Use the Speak
Out on page 13 to help you.
Cheers, Pablo
Pre-Reading
15 What do you know about England? Whats the
capital city? Have you met an English person?
What is a national dish? Do you think theyre
extroverted people? What is Cambridge?
14
Post Reading
17 Work with your partner and discuss the following
questions.
Unit 1
o
L es s n
commons.wikimedi
a.org
Are We Different?
Pre-Listening
1 Read the proverb. How do you think culture affects peoples lives? In groups of 4, discuss the meaning of
the proverb. Make a list of ideas and share them with the other groups.
While Listening
2 a
-Mahatma Gandhi
Listen to a person talking about the importance of knowing other cultures. As you listen, underline
the phrases you hear from the list below.
We may think there are differences between others and us.
the culture of other countries.
other cultures are more interesting than my own culture.
core values, beliefs and social attitudes that are typical to each particular race or ethnicity.
Every time I travel
things about other cultures.
I went to the USA as a child.
we could begin to notice these similarities.
Brits are very different people.
tried to learn about other cultures.
I think this is happening.
b Compare your answers with your partner. Are they the same?
15
Post Listening
3 Work in groups of 4 to 6. Discuss the pictures
and decide what nationality you think the people
might belong to. Discuss as a group what you
know about these countries or cultures. How
do you know these facts? Ask your group if they
know any other interesting information to share.
Then complete the chart and research the last
column.
People from
Speaking
4
Against
What is the origin of the people being called
Americans?
Why shouldnt people from the USA be
called Americans?
Who might be offended?
What could the adjective and noun be
changed to?
16
Unit 1
Pre-Listening
5 Can you answer the questions? Read and check.
a
b
c
d
Singer-songwriter
A singer-songwriter composes the melodies, writes the lyrics and
performs their own songs. The first popular singer-songwriters
appeared in the 1960s and 1970s. They included Bob Dylan, Paul Simon,
Joni Mitchell and Leonard Cohen.
Singer-songwriters usually write about their own experiences and
often tell stories through their songs. Many singer-songwriters use
either a guitar or piano to perform. Sufjan Stevens, however, is a
multi-instrumentalist. This song is from the album Illinois. Sufjan originally
hoped to make a CD for each of the American states. He hasnt
finished yet! You can hear parts of the song Chicago in the film Little
Miss Sunshine.
While Listening
6
Sufjan Stevens
I fell in love again
all things go, all things go
drove to Chicago
all things know, all things know
we sold our clothes to the state
I dont mind, I dont mind
I made a lot of mistakes
in my mind, in my mind
Chorus
you came to take us
all things go, all things go
to recreate us
all things grow, all things grow
we had our mindset
all things know, all things know
you had to find it
all things go, all things go
I drove to New York
in a van, with my friend
we slept in parking lots
I dont mind, I dont mind
I was in love with the place
in my mind, in my mind
I made a lot of mistakes
in my mind, in my mind
Post Listening
7 Which adjectives would you use to describe the song? Use the
remaining adjectives to describe other songs you know.
e.g., I think its a very...................................................song.
Its got a.................................................................... feel.
original different laid-back commercial rebellious conventional
17
o
L es s n
Urban Legends
While Reading
2 Read the three stories quickly and match
them with the titles. You dont need to use
one of the titles.
commons.wikimedia.org
Pre-Reading
Title _________________
Post Reading
4 Answer the following questions.
a How did Marta Infante die?
b What are the two versions of
Romualditos origin? Which do you
believe?
c Why do you think the chupacabra drinks
the blood of farm animals?
18
Learning Tip
How do you learn new vocabulary words?
Try to think of synonyms and put them together.
Vocabulary
5 Find synonyms in the text for the following
words:
claimed conductor not changed
descriptions come from seen
Writing
6 Read the following summary of La Rubia de
Kennedy. Fill in the blanks with so, and, when,
or but.
Title _________________
The name Chupacabra comes from the beasts reported
habit of attacking and drinking the blood of farm animals,
especially goats, similar to what a vampire does.
Physical descriptions of the creature vary.The first person to
see it said it had a reptilian body, oval head, bulging red eyes,
fanged teeth and a long, darting tongue. In other reports, its
height was approximately 1 to 1.2m high, and it stood and
hopped like a kangaroo. It also made hissing sounds and
had a terrible odour. Another description mentioned a heavy
creature, like a small bear, with spikes from the neck to the tail.
Where did the myth originate? The world first heard of
this new vampire beast from a lady in Puerto Rico in
1995. She reported that eight of her sheep died with
bite marks and no blood left in their bodies. Other
events in the country followed and finally, a comedian
spoke about the chupacabras.
From Maine, in the north of the USA right down to
Chile in South America, including Argentina, Bolivia,
Colombia, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama,
Peru, Brazil and Mexico, this modern myth is spreading.
In Chile it was first seen in Calama, where 500 sheep
were killed. It has also been sighted in cities such as
Concepcin and Puerto Montt.
Adapted from:
Corrales, S. (1997). Chupacabras and Other Mysteries. Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing.
Emmerich, F. (2004). Leyendas chilenas. Santiago: Pehun Editores
a.org
commons.wikimedi
commons.wikimedia.org
19
While Listening
10
Language in Use
We use If... sentences to describe situations we think are
possible in the present or future, as well as to describe
general truths.
If you see a horror film, you will be scared.
If you drive slowly, you wont arrive on time.
If you want it, I can lend it to you.
If you cook food with peanuts, I will have an allergic reaction.
Practice
8 Complete the sentence using the correct form
of the verbs from the box and your own words.
Include will or wont where necessary.
see
have
get
11
be able to
Post Listening
12 Integarate oral and written expressions to
complete the sentences so they are true for you.
Pre-Listening
9
Writing
13 Describe a very strange creature.
commons.wikimedi
i
j
k
l
a.org
drink
20
Unit 1
Speaking
14 In pairs, look at the pictures and take turns
describing what you know about each
characters. You can use the Speak Out! box for
help.
Include the following information:
What the character looks like.
speak out!
To talk about facts use neutral language.
It has
You can see
There is / are
It is enormous and hairy, too.
It is similar to Dracula.
commons.wiki
media.org
15 Make a survey of your classmates answers. Find out how many students like horror films, how many films
do they watch in a month, which genres are the most popular, etc. Organize the results in graphs and
present it to the class.
21
o
L es s n
Pre-Listening
1 Look at the ilustrations, what comes to your mind?
2 In pairs, discuss the difference between a myth and a legend. Then match the following Chilean myths and
legends with their description using your background knowledge.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Desierto Florido
La Calchona
Portillo
Alicanto
Pincoya
El Trauco
Las Tres Pascualas
While Listening
3
22
Listen to the story and identify which myth or legend it refers to.
Unit 1
Listen again while you read the text. Complete the gaps with the correct words or phrases from the box.
return
were able
wept
bloom
remain
searching for
revealed to
spread
appeared
grief
spot seeking
commons.w
During Spanish rule, there was a beautiful, young woman who lived in a small
village near the Limar River. All the young men were in love with the lovely
Aauca, but none of them (a) ___________ to win her love. One day, a
handsome, young miner came through town, (b)__________ gold. When
he saw Aauca, he fell in love with her too, and this time she loved him
back. One night, the miner had a disturbing dream, in which a mountain
spirit (c)__________him the precise location of the gold that he was
(d)__________. He revived his search for the gold, promising Aauca that he
would (e) ___________ soon. Aauca waited for him day after day, but her miner never again (f) ___________.
Aaucas heart was broken and, inconsolable, she eventually died from (g) ____________. Her funeral was on
a rainy day and all the villagers (h) ______________ for her.
The next day, the sun warmed the valley and beautiful, red flowers grew from the (i) _____________where the
young woman had died. The legend says that Aauca became a flower as a gesture of love, so that she could
always (j)_____________close to him and (k)___________ her love everywhere.
Today, you can still see the Aauca flowers (l)___________ in the area that is now known as the Atacama
Desert, creating spectacular fields of wildflowers. This amazing phenomenon is known as desierto florido, or
desert in bloom.
ikimedia.org
Post Listening
5 Answer the following questions.
a Why did the young miner come to Aaucas
village?
b Did the miner find the gold he was looking for?
c How did Aauca die?
d Why do the flowers bloom in the desert
now, according to the story?
Language in Use
To further describe a person, place or thing, we can add
a small phrase, or clause, to the noun.
The young woman who lived in a village.
who lived in a village is a defining relative clause. It tells us
which woman we are talking about.
The clause is often introduced by words such as, who,
which, that, but also when, where, and whose.
We can use who or that to talk about people.
We can use which or that to talk about things.
23
Speaking
Practice
speak out!
c Grief is a feeling
.
Writing
The combination
of vowels e and a can
be pronounced in
many different ways.
nciati o
Listen to some of
the sounds: like bird,
ear, bed, tree.
a Put the following words, spelled with ea,
under the correct column: please, search,
spread, appear.
Bird
Ear
Bed
Tree
24
o nu
r
P
Unit 1
vie
Re w
unit
1 Work with your partner and complete the
sentences with information that makes sense.
All sentences are related to the unit.
a
different colour
their body.
b
,
I wear uniform.
,
I will try to visit Desierto Florido.
their
,
we can accept all styles.
is a mysterious
that
Sonia:
your
goose bumps
Your welcome!
run over
culture
legends
25
s h ee
ts
or k
unit
1
Word 1:
Write a definition:
Brainstorm ideas or words related:
.
Write a sentence including the word:
.
Draw a picture to help you remember it:
.
a Word 2:
b
c
d
e
Write a definition:
Brainstorm ideas or words related:
5 Finish the sentences with your own ideas.
b Fashion:
.
c Married couple:
.
d Animal:
.
e Wild flowers:
.
26
Unit 1
a A classmate who
b A noise that
c A place where
s h ee
ts
or k
unit
6 Work with your partner and answer the following
questions.
c Culture / different:
d San Borja street / animitas:
10 Complete Davids email using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Dear Peter,
I got your email about the concert yesterday. Of course I (a) want (want) to go! I really (b) (like) that band.
In fact, I (c) (listen) to their latest CD last night Lots of my mates from school (d) (plan) to go to the
concert too. I (e) (not/have got) a ticket yet! I hope I can get one.
What (f) (you/think) of this idea? Lets meet outside your school and (g) (go) to buy the tickets together
if there (h) (be) any tickets left! We need to meet at 2.30 p.m. because the ticket office (i) (close) at
3.00 p.m. Dont be late: it (j) (take) fifteen minutes to walk there.
I must get back to my homework. and finish my Maths before we go.
See you,
David
27
Pro
ject
unit
Describe a Character
1 Look at the pictures. Do you recognize any of
them? Discuss the following in pairs or small
groups.
A PERSON FROM
MODERN URBAN TRIBE
commons.wikimedia.org
-adjectives and
vocabulary from the unit
related to appearance
and personality
-their likes and dislikes,
ex. hobbies, clothes, etc.
-typical behaviours or
tendencies
-ideals or aims of the
members
-phrases using who,
which, where, whose,
and that
28
B CREATURE FROM A
Unit 1
Who told
the most creative story?
the nicest story?
the scariest story?
the saddest?
ss
og
y Pr re
unit
Reading
1 Read the text about British culture and answer the questions.
The British culture is very diverse.The UK is a multicultural society in which people from different ethnic, religious
and cultural backgrounds live together. In parks all over the United Kingdom you can see people, young and
old, wearing different clothes, listening to different music and enjoying themselves in different ways: from playing
cricket to skateboarding. If you ask many people who live outside the UK what they associate with Britain, they
normally mention the same things: music (The Beatles), pubs (a pint of beer), food (fish and chips), London taxis,
the red buses and telephone booths, the Royal Family and, of course, the BBC, with its multicultural programmes.
a
b
c
d
points
/4
points
/4
points
/5
Listening
2
Writing
3 Finish the sentences with your own words.
a
b
c
d
e
4 In your notebook, describe in 50/60 words the best character (real or fictional) you heard or read about in
this unit.
- Refer to the text on page 19 for a sample of a descriptive text.
points
/7
- Remember to consider: physical aspect, where it lives, what it eats, what it does.
Keep practising
0-5
Lets review
Good job!
6-10
11-15
Brilliant!
16-20
29
unit
Speaking
Integrate listening skills as a basic for oral
interaction.
Signal attention, understanding agreement
and disagreement to initiate, maintain and
close a conversation.
Writing
Use connectors to sequence sentences in
a logical, cohesive and coherent way for
communicational purposes.
Correction of cohesion and coherence
of their writing tasks according to its
communicational purpose and audience.
Living in Harmony
Valuing and discussing the diversity of cultural expressions and the value of local artists.
30
Unit 2
o
L es s n
Pre-Listening
1 a Here is a list of some musical genres. Can you
think of some others?
hip-hop opera indie rock classical
reggaeton folk blues pop bachata
vi
c step brothers
b Shakira
ii
a Ricardo
iii
a Vctor Jara
c Vctor Acosta
iv
b 1968
c Taylor Swift
b Sweden
c Argentina
While Listening
3
Post Listening
4 In groups of 3 or 4, write a dialog answering the
questions below. Then role-play it in front of the
class.
a What kind of music do you like?
b What does music make you feel?
c What would you do if there was no music?
d What was the last song you heard or
downloaded?
c 1979
31
The wonderful
Pre-Reading
5 Match the music festival to the type of music.
a
b
c
d
Lollapalooza
Creamfields
Primavera Fauna
Crush Power Music
i
ii
iii
iv
Latin American
indie
pop
electronic
of
While Reading
7 Answer the questions using your own words.
a Whats the aim of WOMAD?
b What can you do at WOMAD apart from
listening to music?
c Why is WOMAD important for Cceres?
32
Unit 2
o nu
r
P
10
nciati o
Listen to
the radio reporter
asking a musician
for information.
a Pay attention to the intonation of the
questions.
b Write the questions you hear.
c Listen again and check.
d Practice the questions with your partner.
e Focus on your intonation.
Post Reading
9 Write an article about a festival you know or have
been to. You can use the article you have just read
as a guide. Do not forget the process of writing:
a Pre-writing. Brainstorm ideas.
b Drafting. Write a draft or article using the
spider map below.
c Revising. Once you have finished writing,
read your work and check it.
d Editing. Read your work again and check
spelling and punctuation.
e Publishing. Share your work with your
classmates.
Festival
Main Idea
Main Idea
Detail
Detail
STEP IT up!
33
Practice
14 Match the answers to questions and rearrange
the interview in your notebook.
Speaking
34
Unit 2
o
L es s n
Urban Art
Pre-Listening
1 Do you recognize the mural in the picture? Where is it located? With your partner, discuss the different
types of street art. What do you think the artists motivations are?
While Listening
3
original
graffiti artist
commons.wikimedia.org
35
Post Listening
Vocabulary
6 The hyphen (-) symbol is often used to form
compound words. Identify the hyphenated adjectives
from the text and complete the gaps below.
commons.wikimed
ia.org
o nu
r
P
nciati o
36
Unit 2
Speaking
commons.wikimedia.org
Writing
11 Write 6 sentences using the words in the box
below.
listen | eat | think | play | read | work
SPEAK OUT!
Use these expressions to talk about your likes and dislikes.
I love listening to music.
I really hate watching romantic comedies.
I dont enjoy walking the dog.
I cant stand making my bed.
What do you like doing on Sundays?
I like playing video games very much.
What about you?
37
o
L es s n
Whats in a Story?
Pre-Reading
1 Read the title of the lesson. What comes to your mind? Complete this short story quiz.
a Lewis Carroll was
i a singer.
ii a writer.
iii a footballer.
What do you think Alice thinks about books? What do you think makes books interesting for Alice? Do you
agree or disagree with Alice? Why?
Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank and of having nothing to do: once or
twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading, but it had no pictures or conversations in it, what is
the use of a book, thought Alice, without pictures or conversations?
While Reading
Taken from Carrol, L. (1948). Alices Adventures in Wonderland. Boston: International Pocket Library. 9.
38
Unit 2
Post Reading
4 Find words in the text that mean the same as
the list below, then replace them in the text and
read it again.
a
b
c
d
fantasy
success
numerous
originally
e revolutinary
5 What does the text express? Choose one
alternative.
a facts
b opinios
c feelings
6 Classify the parts of speech of these words from
the text. Do you know their meanings? If not,
use a dictionary to find the definitions.
countless | starred | shrink | darts | swing
Pre-Listening
7 Discuss these questions with a partner.
Have you ever read Alice in Wonderland or seen
the film?
If you have, what did you think of it? Would you
prefer to read the book or watch the film?
Do you think it is important to read a book
before seeing the movie version? Is one more
important than the other?
STEP IT up!
While Listening
8
39
Post Listening
9 Choose the correct adjective in each question.
a Whats the most exciting / excited book
youve ever read or film youve seen?
b What types of books or films are you
interesting / interested in?
c Have you ever been disappointing /
disappointed by the ending of a book or film?
d Do you always finish a book or film even if
its depressing / depressed?
Vocabulary
10 Match the underlined adjectives to what they describe.
a I was frightened by the monster.
b Horror films are frightening.
i How someone is feeling.
ii The effect someone or something has on
other people.
Speaking
Pre-Reading
40
Unit 2
While Reading
14 Read the summaries. Based on the following phrases, make a guess about what happens in the book.
a His investigation leads him to a theatre group with a very surprising final act.
b ...the Count has a terrible and bloody secret.
c ...the Dashwood sisters have very different ideas on love and marriage.
A Trip to the Stars
It is the year 2285. A spaceship has mysteriously disappeared. Your spaceship is sent to
investigate. During your journey through the galaxy you will learn a lot of interesting things
and meet some interesting aliens. Can you find your way back to Earth again? In this fun
and exciting puzzle book you participate in the story and you make the decisions. Can
you uncover the mystery?
Cold Feet
The city of Rosca is preparing for a presidential visit when the body of a young man
is found near the American consulate. He is very well dressed, but there is something
missing.Why isnt he wearing any shoes? It is Rymers job to discover the mans identity. His
investigation leads him to a theatre group with a very surprising final act.
Dracula
Jonathan Harker travels to Transylvania to visit his client, Count Dracula. While there,
he discovers that the Count has a terrible and bloody secret. When Dracula moves to
England, Jonathans friends and family are in danger of becoming his victims. Can they
destroy the evil Count before he wins control of their lives? They begin a desperate chase
across Europe in their mission to end the vampires reign.
commons.wikimedia.org
Post Reading
15 Read the summaries again and underline
the main idea of each one.
41
o
L es s n
Speaking
Vocabulary
Writing
3 Write a paragraph about your generations relationship with social media. Think about how social interactions are
changing. Do you think the changes are positive? Use all of the words and concepts below in your paragraph.
maliciousness | bonds | other cultures | relationships | workplace
42
Unit 2
Pre-Listening
4 a
In pairs, discuss how social networking influences and helps teenagers express themselves.
b Predict the words you think you will hear and put a .
_____ internet
_____ emotions
_____ viral
_____ literature
_____ upset
_____ blog
_____ pastimes
_____ Facebook
_____ twitter
_____ parents
Listen to a teenager talking about social networking and the words you hear. How many were right?
While Listening
6
Post Listening
7 Do a survey of your classmates. Find people who use social media in each of the ways described below.
Then, present your results to the class in a graph and explain. Give your opinion about it.
43
Speaking
8 a Read the poem. What is it about?
I have too many things happening this year.
Too much homework and a lot of
problems with my peers.
When I surf on the net my problems disappear.
I can get lost, time flies, my mind becomes clear.
I can listen to many songs and
read a lot of books.
I can even learn many recipes
because I love to cook.
My parents say I spend too much time
chatting with my friend Brook
But I told them to try it and theyll get hooked.
Writing
10 Write a paragraph about a cultural movement
you have learned about on the Internet. Use
the diagram below as a model and complete the
text in your notebook.
Some
ideasstyle
are:of music | A fashion trend
A new
A genre of film | An artistic movement
A social practice
living in harmony
Social media makes everything easier, including
misinterpretation. We should always be careful of
how much we share on the Internet as well as aware
of who exactly can see our specific posts. Always
consider your audience online so you can avoid
misunderstandings and, most importantly, remember
that behind every post and like is a living, breathing
person with feelings and opinions just like you, and
they deserve to be valued and respected.
44
Subject
Where
did it
start?
Unit 2
Where did
you hear
about it
Why is it
innovative?
vie
Re w
unit
1 Look at the chart below. Make sentences
comparing Johanna and Pedro
Name
Pedro
Johanna
Age
16
17
Height
1.68 m
1.65 m
Languages
Native
Spanish
Native English
and a little bit of
Spanish
Place they
live
Eyes
Concepcin
Santiago
Black
Hazel
b easy-
ii ____ time
c brand-
d well-
iv ____ sleeved
e part-
v ____ behaved
vi ____ new
short-
g good-
____ going
a old-
45
s h ee
ts
or k
unit
3 Create sentences based on the words in the box.
a
b
c
d
Reflects...
b Graffiti is
c Its important to read
ART
d In my city
e My culture
f
Helps
people by...
Is found...
Is
important
because...
My sister is a musical prodigy, ______(a) she only listens to Top 40 radio. That type of music is repetitive
______(b) simple, not like the type of music she plays on her violin. She says that she always plays classical
music, ______(c) when she is relaxing she wants something simple. This makes sense, ______(d) I will
never understand how someone who can play such complicated, ______(e) also subtle rhythyms would
want to listen to generic pop music. She says I am judgemental ______(f) small-minded, ______(g) I try
not to make fun of her. Maybe I should remember that art ______(h) expression are different for every
person, ______(i) there is no way to judge someone elses tastes.
46
Unit 2
s h ee
ts
or k
unit
6 Complete the following dialogue, then role-play
it with your partner. Think about activities you
like doing and places you like going to.
last night.
you__________________________
Sebastian: You know, I never_______________
but I prefer____________________
because ______________________
How much?
How many?
MUSIC
LITERATURE
47
Pro
ject
unit
SPEAK OUT!
We use these expressions to talk about art:
Its interesting!
Its very colourful!
The colours are rather dull.
The message is not clear to me.
I wonder what it means?
48
Unit 2
rogre
ss
yP
unit
Writing
Listening
1
Reading
points
/5
/5
3 Anamara Merino Tijoux was born in France in 1977. Her parents were Chilean exiles living in the city of
Lille. She returned to Chile in 1993 and dove head-first into the hip hop music scene in the capital. In 1997,
she became well-known through her collaborations on Los Tetas first album. Since then, she has released 4
solo albums and has played concerts all over the world. Her artistic point of view is unique; she speaks two
languages and grew up in a culture far-removed from her own. Her parents experience as exiles informs
her socially conscious lyrics as well as her challenge to find where she belongs. The search for identity is a
common theme in hip hop, which is traditionally the music of the voiceless, and Tijoux has indeed found her
place, being named the best New Female Emcee Rocking Mics Everywhere by MTV in 2012. A young
mother with an international, social perspective,Tijoux is the perfect example of the 21st century youth that
is pushing the world in new and creative directions.
Finish the ideas about Anamara Merino Tijoux . Use complete sentences.
a Anamara Merino Tijoux is
b She is influenced by
c Her beginnings
d She was recognised by MTV for
e She represents
points
Keep practising
0-5
Lets review
Good job!
6-10
11-15
/10
Brilliant!
16-20
49
unit
Whats On?
Speaking
Integrate listening skills as a basic ability for
oral interaction.
Signal attention, understanting, agreement
and disagreement in conversations, and
initiate, maintain and close a conversation.
Self correct and reword statements.
Writing
Use connectors to sequence sentences in
a logical, cohesive and coherent way for
communicational purposes.
Correction of cohesion and coherence
of their writing tasks according to its
communicational purpose and audience.
Living in Harmony
Learning to reflect on what we see and read before we decide it is true or false.
50
Unit 3
o
L es s n
Pre-Reading
1 In pairs discuss the following questions.
What was the first reality show you watched?
What reality show is the most popular of all
time in Chile? What do you think of it?
2 Listed below are a few key words for talking
about reality shows. One word in each group
does not belong. Which one? Explain why.
While Reading
3 Read the beginning of the article.
a What are the main characteristics of reality
shows?
b Can you think of any more characteristics?
51
Student b
Student c
o nu
r
P
Post Reading
5 Rearrange the sentences according to how they
appear in the text.
a Teams of two people race around the world
to compete with other people.
b This show also follows a format of progressive
elimination where a contestant is eliminated
by a judging panel.
c A group of people live together in a
house for a period of time where they are
constantly filmed.
52
Unit 3
nciati o
Language in Use
The contestants are voted off.
The contestants are taken to an unknown location.
We use the passive voice when we want to give greater
importance to the action and its object than to the agent
who performs the action.
Practice
7 Choose the best option in each sentence.
a Everyone on the team made / was made to
eat insects.
b Their costumes designed / are designed by
famous designers.
commons.wikimedia.org
Speaking
8 Choose a show. Dont tell your partners the title of the programme. Use the diagram below to give a
complete description of it. Finally, are they able to guess which show it is?
Who...
What...
channel is it on?
is the host?
is the format?
is the audience?
Is...
there a winner?
53
Pre-Listening
While Listening
10
Which speaker:
a believes that some shows
can be damaging to society?
get attached
hate
resources
hurt
despise
feel empathy
lack
objective
harm
possibility
deserves
dont have
purpose
merits
Post Listening
12 Choose a Chilean Reality show, then write 3
reasons why you like/dislike it using 5 words from
Activity 10.
Writing
commons.wikimedia.org
54
Unit 3
o
L es s n
Making Changes
Pre-Listening
1 Look at the image. What is the name of the programme? Discuss
the questions below as a class.
Courtesy of Canal 13
While Listening
3
Listen to an episode where Marge blames a TV show for her daughter Maggie being violent.
In pairs, discuss:
a What happened to the cartoon programme after Marge started a movement against it?
b What can you infer about Marges opinion of the sculpture David?
c Do you think her actions were correct?
Look at the pictures and listen to the script again. Put the pictures in chronological order. Listen to the
phrases to check your answers.
commons.wikimedia.org
55
o nu
r
P
Post Listening
5 Work with a partner. Retell the story of Itchy,
Scratchy, and Marge using the pictures from
activity 4.
e.g., Marge was cooking soup in the kitchen.
6 a Look at the images below. Put them in order
and tell your story
A
nciati o
______
ii ______
iii ______
iv ______
b Now compare your story with your partner.
Is it the same?
56
Unit 3
a
b
c
d
Vocabulary
9 Complete the email with the words in the box.
I am writing / Yours faithfully, / Dear Sir, / I look forward to hearing from you / We would like
School Uniform
________________(a),
___________________(b) because my classmates and I do not like the policy about
shoes and the school uniform.Trainers are prohibited and we have to wear the uniform
black shoes instead, which are ugly, uncomfortable, and even unsafe.
The other day, I was walking to school in the uncomfortable uniform shoes when I fell
and hurt my knee because the shoes were so slippery. These shoes are dangerous!
________________ (c) the policy to be amended so that trainers can be permitted
and the uniform shoes can be optional. I really think this is the best solution for everyone.
_________________________________(d).
_______________(e),
Carolina Maria Valenzuela Gomz
Writing
10 Write an email to an authority about something you would
like to change. Do not forget the process of writing:
a Pre-writing. Brainstorm ideas about these issues below:
Unfair policy
Broken toilet
Immoral content on TV
Better education
b Drafting. Write a draft using the vocabulary from activity
9 as a guide.
c Revising. Once you have finished writing, read your work
and check it.
d Editing. Read your work again and check spelling and punctuation.
e Publishing. Share your work with your classmates.
57
o
L es s n
Advertising
Pre-Reading
1 What do you already know about advertising?
Answer the questions.
a What kinds of products are advertised to
children and young people?
b Where are they advertised? On TV, on the
radio, in magazines, etc.?
c What do you think about advertising on TV?
d Is advertising allowed in your school?
Advertising in schools
While Reading
2 Read the text quickly. What products are
advertised in schools?
3 Read the text again and answer the questions
using your own words.
a Where can teachers obtain commercially
produced teaching materials?
b Give two examples of inaccurate information
found in worksheets.
c What do schools agree to do in order to
receive equipment from Channel One?
d Why are schools attractive to companies and
advertisers?
4 Choose the correct option. Only ONE answer
is possible.
a In Maths lessons, students
i learn how to cook a pizza.
ii discuss healthy and unhealthy foods.
iii cut up pizzas to learn about fractions.
b Twenty percent of Channel One broadcasting
is dedicated to
i advertising.
ii the news.
iii sports.
58
Unit 3
SPEAK OUT!
and salt crisps contain, and claimed that sugary foods
were a good source of carbohydrates. Soft drinks,
breakfast cereals, junk foods, dairy products and even
toys all featured heavily in the activities and materials
found in teaching packs. For example, in Maths classes,
students learnt about fractions by dividing pizzas into
portions without discussing whether or not pizza is
a healthy food.
One of the clearest examples of advertising in schools
is Channel One, an American television channel. The
TV station lends schools televisions and audio-visual
equipment and, in return, schools promise to broadcast
its twelve-minute daily programmes. It sounds like a
good arrangement for schools, but researchers at
the Center for Commercial-free Public Education
point out that by supplying schools with satellite dishes
and TV sets, Channel One can advertise to over eight
million school students. Whats more, the content of
the programmes the channel produces is open to
criticism too. Investigators found that only twenty
per cent of the material broadcast by Channel One
is dedicated to news coverage. The rest is devoted
to advertising, sports or the weather. While Channel
One is playing, teachers cannot change the channel,
turn the sound down or turn the television off.
Why would the food and drinks industry want to
produce teaching materials? Why is Channel One so
attractive to advertisers? The reason is that schools
offer firms a fantastic opportunity to reach an audience
of millions of students who are potential consumers
of their products. Of course, manufacturers and
advertisers would argue that they are not advertising,
but educating. However, more and more teachers
and parents believe that schools should teach young
people about the power of advertising rather than
present them with products to purchase.
Adapted from Childrens Food Campaign. (2013). Ban junk food ads to kids
under 12: report. Canadian Press. Retrieved October 25, 2013 from http: //www.
childrensfoodcampaign.net/www.childrensfoodcampaign.net/
Agreeing or Disagreeing
I disagree with you because...
I agree because...
Youre absolutely right!
No way!
I totally disagree...
Post Reading
5 Read the opinions about advertising. Do you
agree or disagree? Why?
a Some adverts contain misleading or
inaccurate information. I agree because...
b Advertising in schools is good for students if
it helps them learn.
c I would like to watch Channel One in my
school.
d I often buy something because I have seen it
advertised on TV.
6 Write your opinions in the two columns then
share with your class. Use the expression in the
Speak Out box to help you give reasons.
Agree
Disagree
59
Pre-Listening
Practice
8 Look at the example sentences and underline the
word(s) that indicate the tense.
e.g., Coke is consumed by a billion people a day.
present simple
a Coke was first sold in 1886.
b Television advertising was being used
throughout the 1960s.
c Young consumers could be targeted using
popular musicians.
d The commercial has recently been shown
on TV.
9 In your notebook, rewrite the sentences below in
the passive.
e.g., Advertising agencies are planning hundreds of
campaigns right now.
Hundreds of campaigns are being planned right now.
a Large companies hire young sports stars like
Rafael Nadal.
b The internet will change the future of
advertising.
c The director has already made the decision.
d The crew were filming the new advert in the
park.
e Companies should not target very young
children with unhealthy products.
60
Unit 3
While Listening
11
o nu
r
P
Post Listening
12 a Now its your turn to describe a product.
Look at the example in the box and use it
as a model. Choose a product and write 5
sentences about it. Dont write the name of
the product.
b Read your description to your partner. Can
they guess what product it is?
It is advertised all over the world. This product can
be found in supermarkets, stadiums, schools, offices,
etc. Some people are addicted to it. It can be drunk
from a bottle or a can.
Speaking
13 Does advertising influence what you buy? In
groups of 4 or 6, have a debate. One side will
argue that advertising always influences people
and the other will argue that advertising does not
affect them. Use phrases from the Speak Out
box on page 59 to support your ideas. Follow
the structure below.
For
Against
For
Against
14
nciati o
/s/
/z/
parents
used
61
o
L es s n
Lucky Escapes
LEARNING TIP
Pre-Listening
1 Have you ever been shocked by something? Tell
your partner about it.
2 Look at the illustrations. What are the main
events of the story?
Post Listening
5 Match the words to the definitions.
lad
an accident
licence
not awake
skid
unconscious
a young man
seatbelt
a curve
d Luckily, he...
Unit 3
nciati o
62
o nu
r
P
While Listening
3
crash
Pre-Listening
7 How can you show interest when you listen?
Remember the pronunciation activity on page 62.
While Listening
8
9
Language in Use
Here are some ways to talk about events in the past in
order.
The boy had just passed his driving test so he wasnt an
experienced driver.
I had seen the movie before, but I went with my boyfriend
again.
We had finished our homework when we realized we had
done it all wrong!
Go on.
No, what?
Yeah.
Oh no!
So what did she do?
What do you mean?
What a story!
Post Listening
10 a Look at the expressions in activity 9. List
examples of the following:
Asking for information
Echoing
Encouraging the speaker to continue
Using adjectives and exclamations
Asking for clarification
e.g., What happened?
b Add one more option to each column.
Practice
12 Complete the dialogue.
Carlos: What (a)
you (b)
(do) yesterday after
you had finished work?
you
(watch/negative) before?
63
Post Reading
Pre-Reading
13 Who and what can you see in the picture?
Where is the situation taking place? What do you
think has just happened?
While Reading
14 Read the text to check if you guessed correctly.
Bruno had a really lucky escape yesterday.
I had gone into the supermarket to buy some
biscuits and had left him tied to a lamppost
outside. The next thing I knew, I could hear him
barking furiously. He had seen a huge dog and
escaped.
64
The boy saw the dog, turned and fell off his
scooter.
i
ii
iii
iv
v
____
____
____
____
____
vi ____
vii ____
viii ____
ix ____
x ____
Unit 3
living in harmony
vie
Re w
unit
1 Write a story about an incident that happened to you or to someone you know. Include the vocabulary in
the box. Make sure your story has an interesting start, a climax and a resolution at the end.
sneak up
crash
change mind
unconscious
despise
deserve
2 Write sentences about yourself. What were you doing yesterday at...?
a 6am
b 8am
c 2pm
d 6pm
e 10pm
3 Put the story in order. Fill in the blanks with your
own ideas to complete the story.
Last year I went to the zoo.
task
perform
audience
spices
advertising
crash
seatbelt
licence
65
s h ee
ts
or k
unit
1 Read the sentences with a partner. In which sentence the message is more efective? Explain why in the line
underneath.
a Football is played everywhere. / People in every country play football.
b He lost some money at the casino. / Money was lost at the casino
c The army recognizes that mistakes were made. / The army recognizes that generals and soldiers made
mistakes.
d A letter was sent to parents. / Parents of the students received a letter.
2 Find the word that does not fit with the others.
a
b
c
d
e
66
Unit 3
s h ee
ts
or k
unit
5 Create a story using the vocabulary words in the box.
crash
lad
licence
skid
unconscious
seatbelt
Yesterday
Then,
When
Finally,
We use Yours sincerely and Yours faithfully to close formal / informal letters. We use Yours sincerely when we
open a letter with / without the name of the person we are writing to, e.g. Dear Miss Gladstone.
We close a letter with Yours faithfully / Yours sincerely when we open it with Dear Sir or Madam.
7 Complete the table with the words and expressions in the box. Use the expressions to write a formal letter
to a TV station complaining about the quality of its programming.
Best wishes,
Love from,
Thanks for
Formal letters
did not
didnt
Hi Sally,
Let me know
Informal letters
Opening a letter
Within the letter
Closing a letter
67
jec
Pro t
unit
SPEAK OUT!
68
Unit 3
unit
Listening
1
ss
rogre
P
y
Complete the sentences with the phrases you hear. You will hear the recording twice.
a At 10pm last night, Susana _______ _______________ her TV when her sister came over and they
started chatting.
b her sister insisted that the blogs can _______ _______________ by anyone with a computer.
c Then, they spoke about reality shows that sometimes_______ _______________ in exotic places and
they mentioned Man vs. Wild.
d Later, they ______ ___________ dinner when their dad showed up.
e She had tried to call him before dinner to invite him, but his mobile phone _______ _______________.
points
Reading
/5
2 Billboards, as you know, are large posters used to advertise products. They can be seen near main roads and
motorways, and covering buildings or construction sites. This type of advertisement differs from others in
terms of slogans and images. Slogans have to be short and humorous, so that people can read them quickly.
The pictures have to be distinctive, so that people notice and remember them.
/5
Writing
3 Write a story about a past event. (70 words). Use the story on page 64 as a model.
points
Keep practising
0-5
Lets review
Good job!
6-10
12-16
/10
Brilliant!
17-20
69
unit
Speaking
Integrate listening skills as a basic ability for
oral interaction.
Signal attention, understanting, agreement
and disagreement in conversations, and
initiate, maintain and close a conversation.
Self correct and reword statements.
Writing
Use connectors to sequence sentences in
a logical, cohesive and coherent way for
communicational purposes.
Correction of cohesion and coherence
of their writing tasks according to its
communicational purpose and audience.
Living in Harmony
Discussing our responsibility in the use of technology and reflecting on our personal role in a
changing society.
70
Unit 4
o
L es s n
1 How do you communicate? What forms of communication do you normally use? Why? Which form of
communication listed below you think is the best/worst? Why?
notes | postcards | birthday cards | blogs | e-cards | emails | face-to-face | instant messaging | MMS | SMS
a
Hi Sara, hru? Wanna come
2 the cinema 2nite? cud
meet @ Burger Bar b4.
Txt bck. Luv, A
Sat. av 2 go shoppin w/
mum. CUL8R. xxx
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
a
b
c
d
e
Writing
6 Write two text messages in English about a
future plan to a friend or family member. Use the
examples in activity 3 to help you. Then, shrare
them to your classmates.
71
Pre-Reading
7 Social networks are the new meeting place of the digital
age. How do you participate in a social network? Do
you spend more time communicating online or face to
face? Why? Discuss with your partners. Make a list of
advantages and disadvantages of social networks.
Is Te c h n o lo g y
D e s t r o y in g
C o n v e r s a t io n ?
While Reading
8 Read and answer the questions according to the
information in the text. Use your own words.
What advantages does traditional communication
have over texting and emailing?
What negative effects is new technology having on
our lifestyles?
9 Read the following statements and choose the correct option
according to the text. Only ONE option is possible.
a Those that are against a masters degree in social
networking
i feel there is too much reliance on technology.
ii say texting can sometimes help people to
communicate effectively.
iii feel these courses are to blame for ineffective
communication.
b Texting and similar forms of communication
i will never replace traditional ways of
communicating.
ii will one day replace traditional forms of
communicating.
iii should be used as well as traditional
communication.
Learning TIP
One way to remember phrasal verbs is to write sentences using
them in different grammar tenses in the context of every day life.
e.g., take part in I took part in a theatre play last year
I have taken part in a football game.
72
Unit 4
Post Reading
10 a Write down two reasons for using online
communication in your life and two where
you prefer face to face communication.
b Is reality in Chile the same as in Britain? Find
two differences, and share your answers with
the rest of the class.
Vocabulary
11 Match the definitions with the highlighted phrasal
verbs in the text. Try to guess the meaning
by looking at the complete sentence. Use a
dictionary to help you if necessary.
c participate
d eliminated
e create
f
destroying
g rise
12 Fill in the sentences with the correct phrasal verb
from exercise 11.
a When you ____________ your Facebook
account you have to put your personal
details.
b When I __________ in the morning I check
my emails.
c I always __________ in our classes
discussions about technology.
d We need to ___________ with so much
chatting on line and have more face to face
conversations.
Speaking
13 After reading the article, discuss the following questions as a class.
73
Language in Use
While Listening
16
Practice
17
c Text messages________cause
misunderstandings in communication.
Post Listening
Pre-Listening
15 Work in groups of 4. Answer these questions in
your notebook.
a Do you ever watch videos online? Where?
When?
Writing
74
Unit 4
o
L es s n
Vocabulary
1 Complete the text with the words on the table.
If necessary, use your dictionary to look up any
words that you do not know.
download | batteries | handheld | message
headphones | touch | keyboard | rechargeable
A tablet computer is a small (a)______________
computer with a flat (b)_____________ screen.
The most popular are iPads and Androids, which
allow users to access the web, (c)___________
applications, view photos and videos, play games
and read eBooks, newspapers, and anything
on the Internet. You can also plug in external
(d)____________ and listen to music. All tablets
have (e)___________ ___________, with an
average life of about ten hours in standby mode so
it isnt necessary to switch off the power button.
Tablets do not usually have a (f)____________; if
you want to write a (g)_____________, you tap
letters and symbols on the screen.You dont need
to set up the tablet when you first open the box
just turn it on.
Pre-Listening
2 a Work with a partner. Describe some
technological objects to he or she.
What do they look like? When and how do
you use them?
b Compare and contrast the uses of the
different objects youve described. Use these
questions.
How useful are these objects for you?
Why you would use them?
Can you use them to communicate? When?
Which are the advantages and
disadvantages of using these objects?
While Listening
3
Post Listening
5 a Go to the tapescript in the back of the book
and find 8 cognates. These words can help
you to understand a text.
e.g., generation
b Choose three of these words and write
sentences that are true to you.
75
Pre-Reading
Language in Use
While Reading
9 After reading the essay, answer the following
question in your notebook: What does the writer
think about mobile phones?
Practice
6 Complete with the correct form of be able
to using positive, negative and interrogative
sentences.
commons.wikimedia.org
76
Unit 4
Post Reading
Learning TIP
Writing
12 Look at the essay title. Whats your opinion?
Playing Video Games is Better than Watching TV.
13 Work in pairs debate whether playing videos
games is better than watching TV. You can use
the chart below for help.
Reason 1
Why +
Why -
In my opinion,...
I believe...
Firstly,...
Supporting examples:
Paragraph 3: your second reason
Main:
Secondly,...
Supporting examples:
Reason 2
Why +
Why -
In conclusion,...
77
o
L es s n
Addicted to Technology
Pre-Reading
1 Change the statements into questions. Then, go around the classroom and write down the names of people
who answer yes. You need to ask at least 8 different people. Keep track of the questions that receive the
most answers. After, compare as a class and discuss the most common online habits of the class.
e.g., Do you check your email every morning before you do anything else?
Find somebody who:
Name
a checks his/her email or social network sites before doing anything else in the morning.
b has friends or family who think he/she spends too much time online.
c usually gets angry if a website is slow.
d doesnt like to stay away from the internet for more than a day.
e has lots of online only friends.
f wastes time on the internet when he/she should be doing other things such as homework.
Webaholism:
Part of speech
Definition
browse
verb
78
a new addiction
Do you feel anxious to constantly be connected to the
Internet? Do you spend hours browsing web pages
without noticing? Do you sleep for less than five hours
because you prefer to surf the net? If you answer yes to
these questions, then you might
be suffering from webaholism:
an addiction to the Internet.
Twenty years ago, no one could
have predicted that consulting
the Internet would become
addictive. There is, however,
evidence which suggests that
people can develop a compulsive need to be online,
to check emails constantly, to update blogs daily or to
visit social network sites when they should be studying.
Normal behaviour, you might say, but Internet addiction
is a serious condition and might be more common
Unit 4
While Reading
4 Read the text and choose the correct option.
Only ONE answer is possible.
a Twenty years ago...
i it was easy to predict that consulting the
Internet would become addictive.
ii lots of people predicted that consulting
the Internet would become addictive.
iii it was impossible to predict that
consulting the Internet would become
addictive.
iv consulting the Internet became addictive.
b A telephone survey from the Stanford
School of Medicine found that...
i eight percent of the people they
interviewed were addicted to the
Internet.
ii one percent of the people they
interviewed were addicted to the
Internet.
iii everyone they interviewed was addicted
to the Internet.
iv some of the people they interviewed
had problems linked to Internet misuse.
c Spending hours online makes you overtired
and this...
i can cause you problems at work and
school.
ii might help you to become a leader at
work or school.
iii may help you with schoolwork.
iv means you can solve problems at work
or school more easily.
d People can access the Internet more easily...
i thanks to new telephone lines.
ii because of modern technology gadgets.
iii because computers have lots of new
gadgets.
iv because they use the Internet at work.
79
Post Reading
Pre-Listening
While Listening
Language in Use
Practice
6 In groups, match the following sentences to the
rules in the Langague in Use box above (a, b, and
c). Explain your reasoning and then discuss as a
class.
a I need to buy a new computer; my old one
is too slow.
b That smart phone is too expensive; I mustnt
spend too much money.
c These days you dont have to spend a lot for
a smart phone.
d The software must be installed before you
can use it.
e The instruction manual neednt be included
because you can get it online.
www.commons.wikimedia.org
Post Listening
9 Read the following statement and decide
whether you agree or disagree. After you have
taken a position, discuss your ideas with your
partner.
Writing
10 Work with a partner, create a list of rules on the following topic: How NOT to be a Webaholic. Use the
Language in Use box and the vocabulary from the text to help you. Post your lists around the classroom
and vote on who has the best ideas.
80
Unit 4
Pre-Reading
11 Have you ever shopped on the Internet? Do you think it is dangerous? Why?/Why not? Justify your answers.
While Reading
Tips for Online Shopping
12 Read the text about Internet security. Complete the text by deciding which part of the text (i-viii) belongs
in each gap (a-h).
Tip 1
Make sure you are using a secure server and browser with industry security standards before you enter
credit card information online. First look at the address in the address bar and check that it starts with https.
Then look at the bottom of the Internet window and (a)________.
Tip 2
Use known companies. Anyone can open an (b)_________ and be gone tomorrow. Here are some things
to research (c)_________ with a company you dont know. (d)________ for the company compares with
the information from the domain register. Check to see if (e)__________.
Tip 3
When online shopping, we all hope that we (f)_________ but sometimes there are problems. Check the
return policy before you order so you will (g)_________.
Tip 4
Keep information about your order. Also (h)______, such as return policies, company information, specific
product information, and warranty information. Trust your instincts. If it sounds too good to be true, it
probably is.
i
ii
iii
iv
Post Reading
13 Work with a partner. Discuss the positive and negative aspects of online shopping. Write down your ideas
in a table with 2 columns, one for advantages and the other for disadvantages. Share the ideas as a class
afterward.
81
o
L es s n
Pre-Listening
1 Read the sentences below and circle one of the options based on
your predictions for the future.
a Cars will / wont be using other forms of fuel.
b Houses will / wont produce all the energy they need.
c The way we eat will / wont change.
d We will / wont have to visit the doctors surgery
when we are ill.
e We will / wont travel to distant places.
f
While Listening
2
www.commons.
wikimedia.org
b Listen again. Complete the gaps in the phrases with the compound nouns.
contact lenses | sightseeing tours | traffic jam | microchips
microchips | air conditioning | blood pressure
traffic jam
c On a typical evening you will drive through a _______________
in your hydrogen-powered car.
d As you walk in, your movement will activate a sensor and the lights and _______________ will come on.
e You will then watch TV using a pair of special __________________ which stream images directly from
the Internet.
f A ________________ under your skin will allow your doctor to check your _______________ and
other body functions.
g There will still be beach holidays, __________________ and shopping trips abroad.
3
82
Unit 4
Post Listening
4 Find compound nouns in the text. Then, match them with their meanings below.
a long line of vehicles on a road that cannot move
b a system that makes the air in buildings colder
c small pieces of plastic you put in your eyes to see clearly
d a very small part of a computer
e the force with which blood travels around your body
f
5 Choose three compound nouns and write sentences that are true to you.
a
b
c
Vocabulary
Speaking
a traffic lights
alarm
bag
clock
crossing
glasses
hostel
knife
lights
screen
stick
83
Pre-Reading
While Reading
9 Read the text and answer the following questions.
Post Reading
10 Write an essay about the effects you believe
new technology will have on the future.
Remember to follow the writing steps.
a Pre-writing. Brainstorm your ideas and
organize them.
b Drafting. Write a draft of your essay and
check the main, second and closing ideas.
c Revising. Once you have finished writing,
read your work and check it.
d Editing. Read your work again and edit it
looking for any mistakes or aspects you want
to improve.
living in harmony
Technology has quickly become an important part of our
lives. Having access to social networks creates connections
between people in ways that were never before possible.
Even though this can be fun, we have to learn to act
conscientiously and use our technology wisely.
84
Unit 4
vie
Re w
unit
1 Read the following sentences and check if the
phrasal verbs are used correctly. If not, write down a
new sentence using them appropriately.
a Blogs are good way to get up your thoughts.
b New technologies are doing away with
traditional forms of communication.
c Mobile phones can take part in drivers
causing accidents.
d I had to help my father to set up his
Facebook account.
2 Rearrange the words to make sentences in order
to complete the dialogue.
e.g., connection / fast / is / my / Internet / very
My Internet connection is very fast.
A: buy / latest / smartphone / want / I / to / the
viii gadget
ix sensible
a small machine
rise
participate
something small
enough to be held in
your hand
someone that acts on
good
judgement
something able to be
recharged
5 Write a short text about one of the following topics. Include at least four words from the box below. Use the
essay structure on page 71 to make your argument more persuasive and cohesive.
Children spend too much time on Facebook.
Social networks are bad for society.
People might live on the moon one day.
85
s h ee
ts
or k
unit
1 Identify the compound nouns in the sentences.
Why are they used incorrectly?
B: Well, people
cities
A: Wow! Life will
86
and
.
.
Unit 4
s h ee
ts
or k
unit
6 Circle the correct option to complete the sentence.
Juan: I really want to learn English. But its too late now. You (a) have to / dont have to start young to learn
a language.
Doris: Thats not true! You (b) have to / dont have to be young. I started learning English when I was 16 and
speak it fluently now.
Juan: So what do I (c) have to / must do?
Doris: To start, buy a book and study it at home. You also (d) have to / dont have to pay attention to your
teacher in class.
Juan: I dont like my teacher at school.
Doris: You (e) have to / dont have to like your teacher necessarily. You have to pay attention!
Juan: I dont know. I mean, I want to learn English. I (f) have to / dont have to learn it for my future job.
Doris: Well, I think you (g) have to / dont have to work hard. But its fun, too!
7 Complete the following sentences using verbs
that express a possibility or things that you are
or arent able to do.
a Children
b Technology
c The football team
d It
e In the future
f
Nowadays
adapt
gadget
criticism
interact
warning
9 Using all the words from exercise 7, create a dialogue that talks about technology.
87
jec
Pro t
unit
Invent a Gadget
2 In groups of 3 or 4, design a new and innovative
gadget or robot. This could be a type of mobile
phone, a computer, or any device that can do
a function that will make life easier or better in
some way. Decide on the rubrics that will be
used to evaluate the project and the time limit as
a class before starting.
3 Assign roles among the group. Give each team
member a specific role, such as designing the gadget,
writing a description or thinking of the marketing
slogan.
4 a Draw a picture of this gadget.
b Write a description of it.
Describe the functions and how to use it.
1 a Work in pairs. Name the electronic devices in
the photos. What can you use them for?
88
Unit 4
rogre
ss
yP
unit
Reading
1 Read the text and answer the questions.
Social media refers to blogs, forums, networks, wikis, and many other online sites and services. The main
idea behind social media is that people around the world can easily and instantly share information and
ideas through social interaction.
However, some people dislike social media. These opponents believe that blogs, emails and text
messages, etc. create an information overload. In other words, there is too much information to read
and understand. There is a constant fight for peoples attention.
In todays world, social media has become an important part of society, mostly because of cheap
Internet, cell phones that let users surf the Internet and send emails, and a wide range of other services
to share information. Even if we take into account the negative aspects, its not likely to disappear.
a In what way can we communicate internationally?
b What do you understand by information overload?
c Social media has become an important part of society. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Why?
d According to the author, will this tendency continue?
e What title would you give to this paragraph?
Listening
2
points
/7.5
Writing
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
points
Keep practising
0-5
______________________________________
/6
points
Lets review
Good job!
6-10
11-15
/6.5
Brilliant!
16-20
89
unit
Speaking
Integrate listening skills as a basic ability for
oral interaction.
Signal attention, understanting, agreement
and disagreement in conversations, and
initiate, maintain and close a conversation.
Self correct and reword statements.
Writing
Use connectors to sequence sentences in
a logical, cohesive and coherent way for
communicational purposes.
Correction of cohesion and coherence
of their writing tasks according to its
communicational purpose and audience.
Living in Harmony
Practising good work ethics and rigour while being responsible and perseverant.
90
Unit 5
o
L es s n
Future Jobs?
Pre-Listening
1 Look at the newspaper add and fill in the table with the advantages and disadvantages of each job.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Post Listening
While Listening
3
91
Pre-Reading
6 In pairs, discuss the following questions.
a What are your favourite subjects at school?
b What type of jobs are compatible with your
favorite school subject?
c Are you going to university or to a technical
d college? Which one?
e If you have decided to work, what company
f do you have in mind?
g Have you talked to your parents about your
h decisions? Do they agree with your choice?
While Reading
7 Read the text and put the missing phrases into
the paragraphs according to the context.
a
b
c
d
e
f
technical assistance
better employability
educational institutions
good insertion
profit margin
connections with companies
92
Unit 5
MMES WITH
A
R
G
O
R
P
L
A
IC
TECHN
TS IN CH ILE
BEST PROSPEC
Shorter, less expensive, (i)_________________ and
projection are just some of the reasons why technical
careers are becoming choices in high demand for high
school graduates and working people in Chile.
Mario is only 25 and already owns a computer
recycling company that has reported sales of over
50 million pesos. He can pay salaries, still leaving
a generous (ii)__________________ to reinvest.
Mario has worked since he was 17 in jobs related to
computer science. He knows, from experience, that
big companies recruit technicians who have specific
competences and skills in programming.
In fact, just like Mario, around 56% of high school
graduates enrol in -year-long technical programmes.
Less than 10 years ago,there were around 2,000 technical
programmes offered by (iii)_________________.
Today, there are almost 4,000.
The advantages and interest in these programmes are
justified: they are less expensive to pursue, take less
time to study, and are job-study compatible. Also, at
most of the insitutions where these programmes are
taught, they have (iv)_______________ making finding
a job easier.
Whats Next?
Be alert because other areas such
as those related to renewable
energy and conflict mediation are
becoming high demand too.
Have in mind that graduating
from a technical programme does
not necessarily mean earning
1,000,000 pesos right away. As
long as graduates are able to keep
a network of contacts and are
viewed as (vii)_______________
candidates,
their
prospects
improve.
Adapted from Pino M., P (2012, August 25).
Las carreras tcnicas con ms futuro y mejores
ingresos. La Segunda, pp. 4-5.
STEP IT up!
Post Reading
9 Match the following words with their synonyms. Go back to the
text again for references and look for the keywords that will help
you understand the vocabulary. Use a dictionary when necessary.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
prospect
recruit
compatible
insertion
paramount
fields
dependable
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
employ
well-suited
possibility
reliable
vital
introduction
areas
10 a Find three words in the text that you dont understand. Look for
them in a dictionary and write a synonym for each.
i
ii
iii
b Choose 5 words from this activity and the previous one and
write sentences about your dream job.
Think of a job that may be in high demand in the future. Write down three responsibilites this job has and
share them with the class.
93
Practice
11 Choose the correct option to complete these
statements. Add one more example of a
sentence your friends say and write the reported
version of it.
a I am going to study in order to become an
electrician.
i He said he was going to study in order to
become an electrician.
ii He said I was going to study in order to
become an electrician.
b My boss told me I should take a day off.
i His boss told me he should take a day off.
ii His boss told him he should take a day off.
c I have a job interview tomorrow and Im
very nervous!
i She said she has a job interview
tomorrow and that she is very nervous.
ii She said she had a job interview
tomorrow and that she is very nervous.
d
Speaking
13 Would you be able to work part-time while
studying? Work in pairs to interview each
other using the questions below. Write your
partners answers using reported speech. Refer
to the Language in Use chart or the Grammar
Reference on page 189 if you have any doubts.
e.g., Do you get out of bed in the morning
without being told?
My partner said that he/she got out of bed
because he/she set the alarm.
a Her boss
b The expert
12 Complete the sentences with an appropriate
phrase using the verbs say or tell.You can use the
Language in Use box for help.
c Our teacher
d My friend
e The job consultant
94
Language in Use
Unit 5
o
L es s n
Pre-Listening
ns.w
mo
dia.o
ikime
rg
1 What kind of media consumer are you? How much time do you
spend online each day? Do you like playing video games?
2 Quickly skim through this text. What do you think would be the
best title? Write your suggestions on the board and choose the
one that fits best. Justify your answer.
Todays teens spend more than 7 and 1/2 hours a day consuming media.
These include watching TV, listening to music, surfing the Web, social networking,
and playing video games. Teens today are known as the digital natives and are
part of the first generation to be so closely identified with technology.
When it comes to talking about video games, almost everyone would like to voice their opinion. The palette of
choices nowadays is almost infinite and thats why design plays a very important role when choosing the right
one. Design is what makes the difference between software you have to use and software you want to use.
Emilio is a user interface designer. His job is to figure out how software and users interact with each other. When
you submit a form, what happens? How are users notified of errors? Does the form go to a new page, or submit
while staying on the current page? Pretty cool, huh?
Emilio lives in Santiago and works at a Canadian company called Behaviour, which is the largest independent
game development studio in Canada, specialising in the production of 2D and 3D action/adventure games for
Xbox3, Wii, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable and Nintendo DS.
Based on Palfrey, J, Glasser, U. (2008). Introduction.
Born Digital: understanding the first generation of digital natives. New York: Basic Books. pp. 1-17.
While Listening
4
www.pixabay.com
f He thinks technology is
g His advice
95
Language in Use
He asked us if we went to the cinema often.
He asked what time I usually went to bed.
When we report questions we make the same
changes to tenses, pronouns and references to
time and place as we do with statements.
Post Listening
5 Choose the correct question. Write a sentence
for each to explain why the answer you chose is
correct and the other option is incorrect.
a What language do you speak at work?
i She asked if he spoke language at work.
ii She asked what language he spoke at
work.
b Do you get to play video games at work?
i She asked him if he got to play video
games at work.
ii She asked him what do you get to play
video games at work.
o nu
r
P
nciati o
7 Role-play the 2
dialogues. Which words
are stressed? Why?
A: Yolanda will be back on Friday.
B: No, she wont. She will be back on Thursday.
A: I hear Derek passed his French exam.
B: French? No, he passed his Maths exam.
Vocabulary
8 Look at the best paying jobs in Chile and place
them in the categories below.
Electric Operations Manager
Professor
Business Administrator
Legal Services Manager
Consultant
Exploration Manager
Field Engineer
Business Analyst
Development Manager
Mining Engineer
Electrical Engineering Manager
Legal x1
Energy x2
Mining x1
Teaching x1
Information
Technology x2
Banking x2
Engineering x2
96
Unit 5
Writing
9 UNUSUAL CAREERS
Read the following paragraphs about very unusual jobs. Which job would you be willing to work in? Why?
Share your decision with your partner.
Snake Milker
Youve heard the phrase: What doesnt kill you makes you stronger. In this case, what
doesnt kill you may prove to be a life-saving substance. Snake venom is a bodily
poison and at the same time, the primary ingredient in serums that cure snakebites.
In areas where poisonous snakes are common, animal care specialists employed to
extract venom by milking the reptiles fangs are crucial.
Couch, C. (n.d.). Odd Jobs and Crazy Careers. ClassesUSA. Retrieved October 25, 2013 from http://www.wate.com/story/5427244/odd
Laughter Therapist
If laughter truly is the best medicine, then a psychologist and Laughter Leader/
Joyologist is the doctor for you. Built on the philosophy that giggles, chuckles and belly
laughs is good for us, laughter therapists work with clients to help incorporate a smile
into patients daily lives. Regular doses of laughter are proven to alleviate stress, boost
the bodys immune system, and reduce the signs of aging.
Lewis, T .(2013, June 10). Scatologist? Snake milker? Sexologist? 7 odd science careers. NBC News Science.
Retrieved October 25, 2013 from http://www.nbcnews.com/science/scatologist-snake-milker-sexologist-7-odd-science-careers-6C10271335
What is
it about?
Where can
you work?
Speaking
11 To talk about job and professions we use
the following language. Practise the
dialogue in pairs.
A: What do you do for a living?
What is your occupation?
B: Im a mechanic.
A: A mechanic? That must be a
lot of work.
B: It is. I fix cars every day.
A: How interesting. How many
cars can you fix a day?
B: I can fix about 5 cars every
day, depending on how
complicated the problem is.
12 Talk about jobs and profession using the
following expressions in the conversation.
97
o
L es s n
Pre-Reading
1 Match the following words to a definition or related idea. Can you predict the content of the text by
looking at these words?
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
profile
success
figure out
requirement
relationship
misunderstanding
satisfying
NALITY
PERFECT JOB BY PERSO
There are many different personality profile tests around
and if you take one, they will always help you to reflect
on who you are. It is important to keep in mind that
these tests should not be used to standardise ourselves
or other people, or to make people feel its not possible
to change; they can be useful to try to understand
important preferences for interaction. Here are the
answers to some frequently asked questions:
98
Unit 5
While Reading
2 Based on the information in the reading, match
the personality traits to the job that best suits
them. Write your answers in your notebook.
a caring
b patient
c funny
d demanding
magazine editor
veterinarian
teacher
ski instructor
Post Reading
3 Read the Learning Tip. Do you use any of these
strategies to improve your reading? If you dont,
practice them now.
a Highlight at least five chunks in the text.
b Time your reading of the text for the first
time. Then re-read the text twice. Time
yourself again. Was there a difference?
c Read a paragraph aloud to your partner. Was
it clear? Did it have the right stress? Listen to
your partner now doing the same.
d What are your personal strategies in order
to improve your reading?
Learning TIP
These are some fluency strategies you can use to
become a more proficient and self-confident reader.
Phrasing: the ability to read several words together
before pausing, as opposed to word-by-word reading.
e.g., Reading chunks of information.
Rereading: When students repeat their reading,
their amount of word recognition errors decreases,
their reading speed increases, and their oral reading
expression improves.
e.g., Reading pattern-oriented books or texts.
Language in Use
If you knew all the requirements for the job, you
would be more successful.
We use if sentences to describe situations that
are imaginary or unreal.
Practice
4 Match the columns to make if sentences.
Use the Language in Use box for help.
a
b
c
d
e
f
99
Pre-Listening
Post Listening
While Listening
7
My ideal job
would be...
100
Unit 5
Pre-Reading
10 Look at the title and subtitles of these texts. Can
you predict what the texts are about? Share
your ideas with your partners and check: Do you
understand all the subtitles? Use a dictionary to
help you.
While Reading
VOICES OF
NEW STUDENTS
MMXI
VOICES OF
NEW STUDEN
Post Reading
12 Write one thing you could do to use each of the
following skills.
No. 1 Critical Thinking:
101
o
L es s n
Excellence is an Attitude
Pre-Listening
VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT
While Listening
Listen to a job interview and decide if the
following statements are True (T) or False (F).
a ____ Mr. Prez had worked at a computer
company before.
b ____ Mr. Prez knows a lot about operating
systems.
c ____ Mr. Prez is competent in building
web pages.
d ____ Mr. Prez specializes in editing films and
video games.
e ____ Mr. Prez thinks Adobe is something to
eat or drink.
f ____ The interviewer is going to consider
Mr. Prez for the job.
102
Post Listening
a good attitude
being alert, motivated and enthusiastic.
good manners
punctuality
self-confidence
making eye-contact
Unit 5
Vocabulary
7 Look at the following sentences and use the appropriate form of the words from the table in order to
complete them.
recruit | paramount | overwork | wait tables | free time expenses | insertion
a John still hasnt been able to find a job related
to his field of expertise so he has been
_________________ at a restaurant.
8 Look at the following diagrams. Combine words from the two diagrams to form sentences about
personality traits which are NOT ideal for specific jobs. Try and use some of the words in the box from
exercise 7.
e.g. Babysitters shouldnt have a short attention span because it is paramount that they are watching the children at all
times.
detail oriented
babysitter
company
manager
artist
Personality Traits
Jobs
professor
visual
competent
salesperson
short attention
span
structured
103
Writing
9 What is the purpose of a CV or resume?
Have you ever written your own CV? Which are
the characteristics that a CV should have?
Use the model below to talk about writing a
good CV.
Juan Pablo Lemus Prez
43824 lamos Street
Temuco
Education
Liceo Ines Matte Prez
Puerto Montt, Regin de los Lagos
Graduated December 2010
Work Experience
5/2011 10/2012
Mechanic Assistant, Kauffmann, Temuco, Regin
Araucana
Part time job: Operated cash register and handled
tools, car parts and money.
Skills
Eduaction
References
Work Experience
01/2009 4/2010
Job shadowing, Derco, Puerto Montt, Regin de
los Lagos
Every other week. Learned from car mechanics
duties and car field related duties.
Skills
Office programmes users management
Holds English level B1 certificate
References
Available upon request
104
Unit 5
vie
Re w
unit
CV
personality
compatible
rumours
technician
a _______________________________________________________________________________.
b _______________________________________________________________________________.
c _______________________________________________________________________________.
d _______________________________________________________________________________.
e _______________________________________________________________________________.
f _______________________________________________________________________________.
105
s h ee
ts
or k
unit
apply for
neat and
technical
positive
job
self -
_____ attitude
_____ confidence
_____ a job
_____ hunting
_____ organized
_____ career
B:
B:
B:
__________________________________
106
Unit 5
s h ee
ts
or k
unit
JOB OPPORTUNITIES
A Government organisation is looking for
employees that comply with the following
requirements:
Highly motivated
Proactive
Neat and organised
Flexible and adaptable
Able to work without supervision
If you are interested in applying to the
position, send us your CV to: government@
organisation.org
107
jec
Pro t
unit
Interview
1 Look at the advert. Which job would you prefer
and why?
wanttowork.com
Job opportunities for students
Are you a student?
Are you looking for work?
We are looking for hard-working, enthusiastic people to fill
vacancies in:
S ervices: bars and hotels
Retail: shops and petrol
stations
Sales and promotion
Events: sports, music
festivals, catering and
stewarding
Mystery shoppers
We also have vacancies in
the voluntary sector and
for the summer holidays.
3 Interview Questions
a What job are you applying for?
b Tell me about yourself.
c Why are you interested in this job?
d What are some positive attributes you have that are related to this job?
e What do you know about our company?
f What would you prefer a part-time or a full-time job?
g What motivates you?
h How well can you handle pressure and stress?
i Why should I hire you?
j What are your salary expectations?
k Do you have any questions?
108
Unit 5
ss
rogre
P
y
unit
Listening
1
d Sally plans to
i tell her mum about her plans immediately.
ii give her mum different reasons for decision to
take a gap year.
iii explain to her mum that she wants to live
permanently in Italy.
e Sally thinks her mother is
i too structured.
ii not well organized.
iii very chaotic.
/5
Writing
2 Write a brief summary about what you want to
do when you finish school. Use information from
the Unit to do so.
points
Reading
3
points
/10
Read about the most demanding careers and answer the questions. Write sentences describing the skills
needed for each job.
TOP JOBS FOR THE NEXT10 YEARS.
Computer Programmer: Developing new operating systems and common code bases has allowed many
more industries to develop custom software solutions.
Environmental Engineer: Environmental engineers are responsible for studying, evaluating and managing
the harmful effects of human activity on the environment.
Networking Specialist: Different from a traditional computer programmer, a networking specialist is
responsible for installation, configuration, maintenance and support of networks server hardware, network
infrastructure, and network operating systems.
ESL/EFL Teacher: Involves teaching students of all ages whose first language is not English, through the
development of language skills to ultimately be able to communicate in English.
a
b
c
d
points
Keep practising
0-5
Lets review
Good job!
6-10
11-15
/5
Brilliant!
16-20
109
unit
Speaking
Integrate listening skills as a basic for oral
interaction.
Signal attention, understanding agrrement and
disagreement to initiate, maintain and close a
conversation.
Writing
Use connectors to sequence sentences in
a logical, cohesive and coherent way for
communicational purposes.
Correction of cohesion and coherence of their
writing tasks according to its communicational
purpose and audience.
Living in Harmony
Understanding relationships with friends and family while respecting other cultures.
110
Unit 6
o
L es s n
Pre-Reading
1 Answer the following questions. In pairs, compare your ideas.
a
b
c
d
While Reading
2 Read the subheading of the article. In pairs, make some predictions about what the article is about.
a What specific things are parents worried about?
b What recommendations do you think the experts will give?
Some parents are worried about their teenagers
relationships during their school years.
Here are a few recommendations from the experts.
When teenagers start going out with their friends or
dating, parents should never forbid it. Experts consider
this to be the worst strategy. Adults should try keeping
open communication with their youngsters and monitor
their outings. However, if most of their time is spent going
out with their friends and not studying and their marks
at school are affected as a result, parents should speak
to their son or daughter openly to address the problem.
Many parents think that their kids friends are a bad
influence on their own teenagers.The experts ask them to
consider that not all the blame should be on the outsider
and to reflect on why their adolescents were attracted to
that kind of company in the first place. Experts agree that
the more children grow up, the more they search for and
find partners and friends who have similar interests and abilities
to their own. This is especially true for the girls who are more
interested in their future.
Once teenagers start having boyfriends or girlfriends, parents
are not sure when to meet them. Parents should be attentive to
these situations and when they notice their kids growing interest,
that is the moment to invite the friend to their homes.
Experts say that healthy and non-violent relationships among
teens will help them to develop non-cognitive skills such as
communication, empathy and negotiation.These are all skills they
are going to need in the adult world they are about to enter.
One last thing to keep in mind: according to research, if
adolescents are able to adapt to their environment and develop
good relationships with their peers during school life, there are
strong probabilities of them choosing a partner who will have
similar aspirations.
Adapted from Madsen, S. D. (2008). Parents Management of Adolescents
Romantic Relationships Through Dating Rules: Gender Variations and Correlates
of Relationship Qualities. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 37.9. Pp. 1044-1058.
Post Reading
3 In your notebook, make a list of recommendations
from the article.
111
Writing
Pre-Listening
While Listening
Step it up!
10
o nu
r
P
nciati o
6 Rewrite these
sentences with
contractions.
a I do not like
people who are egocentric.
b I would not go out on a blind date.
c I have a few friends and they are like family
to me.
d I cannot see the point in speed dating.
e It does not bother me if my friends call me
all the time.
7 Work in pairs. Say the sentences with
contractions.
112
Unit 6
Post Listening
11 What advice would you give the teens about
their problems? Discuss in pairs.
While Reading
SPEAK OUT!
Giving advice:
You should/shouldnt
Its a good idea to...
My suggestion/advice is (to)...
If I were (you, him, her) Id...
Have you tried + verb-ing...?
Speaking
12 Think of three problems that you or someone
you know has at the moment. Take turns asking
your partner for advice and giving advice. Use
the Speak Out! box for help.
Post Reading
15 Discuss the questions with your partner.
a What is the poem about?
b What is the best advice for someone who
has a broken heart as in the poem?
Pre-Reading
commons.wikimedia.org
in my wildest dreams
fall head over heels
last forever
the cure
___ the remedy or something that helps you
recover
___ never-ending
___ unbelievable
___ be infatuated
113
Pre-Listening
17 Song: Boys Dont Cry The Cure
What do you know about the band The Cure? Which type of music do they play? Are they popular among
teenagers nowadays? Why/Why not?
While Listening
18
Listen to the song. Put the words in the box into the song.
plead
unkind
mind
hiding
stay
granted
Post Listening
19
114
o
L es s n
Free Time!
Pre-Reading
Post Reading
3 Quickly scan the text and find the words for...
a three people who work in the film industry
While Reading
2 Read the three extracts. Who is similar to you?
b
c
115
Pre-Listening
5 Look at the photos. What do you think the
people are doing?
Post Listening
8 a In groups of 4, interview 4 classmates each. Fill
in the table with the answers.
Name
While Listening
6
Name
Annie
Mario
Ruth
music
literature
other
Speaking
9 Using the information your group gathered in
exercise 7, present the results.
e.g.,
We interviewed 4 classmates...
We asked...
The results were...
116
Unit 6
Writing
10 Read Janes blog. What is it about? What do you
like about it? What would you change?
Step it up!
Janes Blog
Saturday, 28 March
Tuesday, 31 March
Bad news
I got a bad score on my maths test today. Im
a little worried, but I believe that everything
happens for a reason. In fact, when I went to
the school guidance councelor to talk about my
options, I met a cute boy. I hope he asks me out
sometime.
commons.wikimedia.org
117
o
L es s n
Pre-Reading
While Reading
3 Quickly look through the text, find the
information and finish these sentences
a Restaurants in the UK close
b Chinese hosts
c Resting your elbows on the dining table is
considered
d In the USA, thirteen is
e The colour red has
118
.
.
.
.
.
Unit 6
Post Reading
5 In pairs or groups, discuss the article and make a
list of cultural differences between Chile and the
countries mentioned in the text. Use a diagram for
help.
Writing
6 Choose the correct option for the following
connectors. Some of these words can be used for
different purposes. Put them in the correct box
according to how they are used in the text.
Even number and colour associations change from
culture to culture.You will find that American hotels
do not have a thirteenth floor, while in Korea and
Vietnam four is thought to be the unlucky number.
Red, the colour of good luck and fortune in China,
is often associated with blood and anger in many
Western societies. For many Europeans, black is
the colour of sadness. However, for the Massai
people in Kenya and Tanzania, black represents rain
clouds and is a very lucky colour.
So what is the best advice for travellers facing
cultural confusion? Perhaps the most useful thing
to remember is the old proverb: when in Rome,
do as the Romans do. Be prepared and enjoy your
trip.
adds similar
information
adds contrasting
information
119
Vocabulary
8 Write a paragraph using at least 5 words from
the box. Use a dictionary if necessary.
commons.wikimedia.org
boarding pass
gate
board carry-on
departure lounge
flight
check in
Practice
10 Complete the sentences by circling the correct
option.
Speaking
9 Role-play the following situation in pairs. One of
you is flying to Peru this morning and the other
friend is phoning to ask him/her where they
are and what they have done already. Choose
American or British English for your questions.
Use vocabulary words form exercise 8.
commons.wikimedia.org
120
Unit 6
Pre-Listening
11
While Listening
12
Post Listening
13 Answer the questions in your own words.
a Why was the Amalias holiday a time of
contrasts?
121
o
L es s n
We Love Sports
Vocabulary
Pre-Listening
1 Do you know how to swim? Can you remember
the first time you went swimming? In pairs, ask
and answer the questions.
skiing
go
climbing
play
tennis
While Listening
Listen to Alex describe the first time he went
swimming. Choose the correct options.
judo
do
golf
karate
surfing
volleyball
basketball
cycling
football
gymnastics
hockey
swimming
exhausted / scared
yoga
Post Listening
3 Write a short version of what happened to Alex
the first day he went swimming.
122
skateboarding
jogging
Unit 6
o nu
r
P
nciati o
British / American
6 Listen to each
word. Put each
word under the
correct gh sound.
g sound (go)
pitch
football
practise (verb)
f sound (stuff)
silent (high)
field
soccer
practice (verb)
Speaking
8 Look at the pictures.
Language in Use
We add a question at the end of a statement to check
information. Can you see a pattern in how the phrases
are made? Explain.
e.g., You are coming to the party, arent you?
You arent coming to the party, are you?
He can drive, cant he?
She doesnt own a car, does she?
They will camping, wont they?
d
a
Practice
a ___________________
c ___________________
b ___________________
d ___________________
123
Pre-Reading
Post Reading
While Reading
10 Read the descriptions and guess what sports they are.
a This sport was first developed in England in
the 19th century. It is played by two teams of
13 to15 players. The match is played outdoors
on a pitch with goal posts at either end. The
object of the game is to run with an oval
shaped ball in the players arms across the
opponents goal line or kick the ball through
the goal posts. The players cannot pass the
ball in a forward direction and there are no
time-outs.
Writing
STEP IT up!
124
iii sandboarding
iv coasteering.
Unit 6
vie
Re w
unit
1 Make a list of three...
a
b
c
d
e ____________________________________
____________________________________
g ____________________________________
3 Scrumble the words in the box. Then, complete
the senteces with the appropiare words.
torpssap
125
s h ee
ts
or k
unit
1 Using the expressions from the text on page 111, fill in the gaps.
a Are you going to ______ Diego ______? I think you would like him. You should go to the cinema.
b I went on a ______ ______ last night with my cousins friend. I had never met her before.
c I dont believe in _______ ___ ______ ________, because I think you need to really know someone
before you can fall in love.
d Did you _______ _____ ______ with Enrique last weekend? Where did you go?
126
Unit 6
s h ee
ts
or k
unit
a
b
c
d
e
passport
boarding pass
check-in
board
gate
carry-on bag
luggage
departure lounge
When you go to the airport, you first need to
(a)_____________. For international flights, you
127
jec
Pro t
unit
Community Service
Volunteers (CSV)
Project Trust
Summer Sports
Help run childens sports projects in Africa and Latin America: football
instructor courses and professional training at golf, rugby, cricket and
scuba academies.
www.summersports.co.in
128
Unit 6
rogres
yP
unit
Listening
Reading
1 Read the description and answer the questions.
a Where is Llandudno?
b What is special about the local people?
/5
Writing
3 Write a paragraph about an activity that you
do in your free time (100-120 words). Use the
questions to help you. Organize the information in
at least 3 paragraphs.
How often?
WHY?
With who?
/5
WHEN?
Since
When?
ACTIVITY
WHERE?
points
Keep practicing
Lets review
Good job!
Brilliant!
0-5
6-10
11-15
16-20
/10
129
unit
Moving Forward
Speaking
Integrate listening skills as a basic ability for
oral interaction.
Signal attention, understanting, agreement
and disagreement in conversations, and
initiate, maintain and close a conversation.
Self correct and reword statements.
Writing
Use connectors to sequence sentences in
a logical, cohesive and coherent way for
communicational purposes.
Correction of cohesion and coherence
of their writing tasks according to its
communicational purpose and audience.
Living in Harmony
Emphasizing the importance of a healthy diet and good habits to preserve our health.
Knowledge of the self, ones potentials and limitations.
130
Unit 7
o
L es s n
I Feel Good!
1 Think of the last 7 days and mark the statements that are true for you.
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
my phone.
______I ate small bites.
______I dont eat unless I am very hungry.
______I ate until I felt full.
______Once or twice, I ate after I saw a
food spot on TV.
______I just ate because I had to.
______I ate because I was bored.
______I ate because I was mad.
______I ate because I was sad, depressed or
stressed.
______I ate a lot in a short period of time.
______I felt I was eating out of control but I
didnt care.
Speaking
2 How many of your answers are bad habits?
Compare your answers with your partner. How
many are the same?
Food
Activities
131
Pre-Reading
While Reading
5 a
on the move
average
concern
major illness
increase
enhance
prevent
viii diseases
ix procrastinate
x once in a
blue moon
xi legumes
xii in the long
run
132
Unit 7
Post Reading
7 Write reasons why you should or should not eat
the following food:
a chips, sodas, ice-cream because...
.
b fruit and vegetables because...
.
c snacks whenever I feel like it because...
.
8 Look at the following word groups taken from
the text and write another one changing the
adjective only.
e.g., Proper nutrition = healthy nutrition
a
b
c
d
e
STEP IT up!
proper
regular
young
junk
selfheart
make
twice
will have to
i ______ disease
ii ______ food
iii ______ nutrition
iv ______ new friends
v ______ exercising
vi ______ a week
vii ______ people
viii ______ confidence
ix ______ eat less
Healthy lifestyle:
Sedentary activities:
Junk food:
Sugary foods:
Quality time:
43%
27%
25%
5%
133
Practice
11 Explain your pie chart to the class.
We could say...
If a person is able to...
e My mother
f
o nu
r
P
13
Listen to the
following sentences
and underline the
words you hear the
speaker emphasize.
How can you tell if a sentence has positive
or negative content? Listen again and repeat.
Practise with your partner.
Language in Use
a But not all is lost and you can still live a life
on the move, looking and feeling better by
adopting an improved lifestyle.
134
nciati o
Unit 7
o
L es s n
Pre-Listening
1 a Read the following list and underline the ideas
that sound familiar to you. Compare with
your partner. Do you have the same?
i
depression
viii psychologist
ii bad nutrition
ix psychiatrist
iii stress
x eating habits
iv obesity
xi physical activity
xii polite
vi a lot of things to do
vii in a hurry
b Look at the list again and talk to your partner about the reasons why some of these ideas are closely
related. Share your ideas with the class.
While Listening
2
a Listen to a person give his opinion on how Chilean people are in regards to their health. How is this
reflection similar to the reasons you discussed in activity 1b? Take notes!
b Listen again and check.
135
Post Listening
4 In pairs, brainstorm ideas related to nutrition that
connect to the concepts or words below.
Language in Use
We use If sentences to describe situations in the past
that did not happen.
Stress
Good energy
Health
Mind
body
Common
ideas
136
Unit 7
Pre-Reading
8 What do you think are the main reasons that teenagers go to the doctor? Make a list.
While Reading
9 Look at the words in bold. What are these health problems about? Skim the text to find out.
TOP REASONS WHY TEENAGERS GO TO THE DOCTORS OFFICE
The most common health problems teenagers suffer from are:
a Drug abuse: this experimentation phase can lead a teenager to have contact
with illegal drugs. Dealing with this problem is one of the most determining
moments for teenagers and parents.
b Traffic accidents: many young people get injured or die each year in accidents
caused by reckless driving and alcohol.
c Diabetes: it can be inherited but it is also caused by bad nutrition habits.
d Hypertension: the number of teenagers that have high blood pressure is
increasing day by day.
e Stress: due to hormonal and psychological changes during this phase, many
teenagers are likely to suffer from stress which leads to other physical pathologies.
f Acne: this happens basically because hormones are adapting to the new adult body. It can take years to
become balanced again.
g Anorexia: the social pressure for looking slim and attractive drives many
teenage girls and boys to lose excessive weight so that they can fit into a
social group. This damages them not only physically but psychologically,
too.
h Obesity: this is mainly caused because of bad nutrition and excessive
consumption of junk and sugary food. The worst news is that obesity
brings other diseases along.
i Sport injuries: these types of injuries are common among teenagers since
they are more exposed to high risk sports and activities at school during
this phase of life.
10 Which of these problems do you think you or somebody you know is suffering from or is likely to suffer in
the near future? Why?
Post Reading
11 Choose three of the above problems and write a paragraph giving practical and everyday strategies to
avoid them. Use your experience or use information you have read in books or the net, heard from friends
or watched on TV. Suggest how the people who have this problem could try to improve their health.
Include vocabulary from the lesson, from pages 136, 135, 133 (lesson 1) and if sentences.
137
o
L es s n
Pre-Reading
1 Create a Spider Map with your ideas! Your central
word is Science.
While Reading
2 Read the following text quickly. What is the main idea?
138
Dennis Scotland
My current job as a journalist
working for BBS Channel allows
me to be in touch with many
people all over the globe. Telly
has changed my life forever; I was
born and raised on a small island
in the north of Scotland where we had no running water
or electricity! The box has allowed us to watch incredible
events like the first steps on the moon, the Olympic Games,
New Years celebrations, and more. The invention of TV
opened the door to all the other audio-visual technologies.
Nowadays, the world seems a much smaller and more
connected place.
Carol USA
I lead a busy life as a wife and
mum and I also have a parttime job in a laboratory. As
I am always on the go, I need
help wherever I can get it. In
my house, we have technology
that helps with everything from making a cup of coffee to
opening my garage. I cant think of life without all these
new inventions. I would never be able to enjoy time with
my family if we didnt have so many household gadgets and
appliances helping to make everything run smoother.
Francisco Chile
Growing up, we had Nintendo,
Super Nintendo, Play station I, II,
III and now we have Nintendo
Wii. These products are used
mostly by children who dont
understand how fragile they are. So, when one of these
so-called toys malfunctions, I come to save the day. I started
out by fixing my dads old radio, then the VCR, and then the
DVD player. Now, Im studying to be an electronic technician.
I enjoy it and I know there will always be something to fix.
Adapted from Downie, M., Gray, D., Jimnez, J.M. (2011). In Gear. Oxford:
Richmond Publishing.
Unit 7
Post Reading
3 Answer these questions in your own words.
a How has television helped
us understand history?
Language in Use
I wish / If only
Sometimes I wish I didnt have a TV because it distracts me.
If only I didnt have a TV to distract me.
We use I wish and if only to talk about situations we want
to change.
b What would we do to
obtain food without money?
Practice
5 Complete the sentences so that they make sense to you.
Speaking
www.com
mons.wik
imedia.org
.
.
ia.org
ons.wikimed
www.comm
139
Pre-Listening
7 Look around your classroom; Can you see anything that has been scientifically developed? What do you
think the development process was like?
While Listening
8
Listen to a person talking about science and how to understand it better. Check
hear.
microscope
experiment
knowledge
process
reason
discovering
powerful
reliable
global
mistake
electricity
gadget
modern medicine
improve
scientific
robot
explanation
applied
surgeon
overview
revise
tools
observe
investigate
sceptical
microchip
evidence
creatively
researchers
Pre-Reading
11 In pairs, ask and answer the questions.
Post Listening
10 With your partner:
a Discuss the following question:
What do you think has been the greatest
accomplishment of science? Explain why.
While Reading
13 Read the text and answer the questions. Find
evidence in the text to support your answers.
a What are some experts now suggesting?
b What did nearly half the teenagers tell the
Denver researcher?
140
Unit 7
Post Reading
14 What type of text is this? Choose the best
alternative and share your answer with a partner.
a a report
b an essay
c a letter
d an article
141
o
L es s n
As Good As It Gets
Pre-Listening
1 Discuss the following questions in groups.
a What do you think are the best ways to stay
healthy?
.
.
.
d To relax, I:
While Listening
3 a
Listen to an expert giving advice on how to keep your immune system healthy and match ideas
from the columns. Check with your partners.
i
ii
iii
iv
v
b
______ irritability
______ the size of a fist
______ and help your heart get healthier
______ get help
______ vitamins, seafood and fibre is what you need.
Avoid shortcuts; take the _____________, walk to school if possible, and try to _____________
your dog more.
ii Get in the kitchen. Try to eat_____________ food or if you have the chance, ____________ your
own food!
iii The _____________ way is to keep your body in shape is eating _______________.
iv _____________ can affect a persons physical and _____________ health.
v Alcohol consumption and ____________ meals can also interfere with a ___________ nights sleep.
142
Unit 7
Post Listening
4 What words would describe your eating and exercise habits better? Compare your answers with your
partner. How different are your answers? Use the Check this out! box for help.
Language in Use
Prefix
un + healthy = not healthy
non + smoker = doesnt smoke
Prefixes are added to the __________ of a word to
modify it or change its meaning.
Practice
5 Match the prefix with the meanings.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
supermarket
anti-virus
unrealistic
underestimate
ex-instructor
microchip
overeat
pro-sports
i not
ii very large
iii former
iv too little
v against
vi too much
vii in favour of
viii miniature
o nu
r
P
nciati o
a Listen to
the following words and repeat them.
How is the stress changed?
i
agree
disagree
ii regular
irregular
iii virus
antivirus
iv smoking
non-smoking
143
Pre-Reading
8 An apple a day keeps the doctor away; What do you think this expression means? Is there a similar
expression in Chile? Share ideas with your partner.
While Reading
9 Read the following text and underline or highlight key words and phrases. Remember that key words are
those that give the text meaning. Compare with your partner.
Post Reading
10 Write a paragraph of 100 words expressing in your opion what this reading text tell us about our bodies.
Do not forget the process of writing:
a Pre-writing. Brainstorm your ideas and organize them.
b Drafting. Write a draft connectors such as:
although
however
even
c Revising. Once you have finished writing, read your work and check it.
d Editing. Read your work again and check spelling and punctuation.
e Publishing. Share your work with your classmates.
144
Unit 7
though
vie
Re w
unit
1 Use your own words to write a definiton for the following concepts:
a Irritability:____________
d Healthy:____________
b Sugary:____________
e Dependent:__________
c Mind:____________
Diabetes:____________
2 Complete the text about habits that were common in the past. Use the words in the box.
be | punish | make | not eat | not show | however | speak | take | wear | although
145
s h ee
ts
or k
unit
1 Match the ideas.
a
b
c
d
e
f
healthy
junk
on the
health
bad
mind and
______ food
______ body
______ lifestyle
______ move
______ nutrition
______ problems
b
c
d
The life we have today is mainly due to the work that
acids.
3 Bad habits die hard. Based on this expression,
write and illustrate an informative leaflet for
adults inviting them to free themselves from their
bad eating habits or other.
146
Unit 7
s h ee
ts
or k
unit
6 Complete the sentences using the information given.
a Sam talks so fast that they dont understand what he says.
They wish ____________________________________________________________________
b He doesnt like his job. He wants to find a better job.
He wishes ____________________________________________________________________
c School starts at 8:00 oclock, which the children consider too early.
b
c
d
e
f
anti-war __________
ex-husband __________
microchip __________
overeat __________
pro-government ________
g
h
i
j
rewrite __________
superpower __________
underfed __________
unhappy __________
8 Write a letter to a magazine editor telling him/her about your current lifestyle concerning health and
nutrition and ways you intend to follow to improve it. (100-120 words)
Use the information from activity 5 page 136.
Dear Editor,
Sincerely,
147
Pro
ject
unit
Immortality
Scientists claim that by 2045 immortality could be a possibility.The idea is that stem cells are extracted from your body so
that scientists and doctors can generate new organs.This way, you will be able to live longer, and longer, and longer...
1 What do you think about being immortal?
Do you like the idea? What do you think the
disadvantages would be? Why/Why not?
Nutrition
ii Exercising
iii Medicine
iv Everyday practical aspects like housing
and friends.
148
Unit 7
rogre
ss
yP
unit
Listening
1
Reading
/5
Writing
3 Write a paragraph about a past situation that
you wish had never happened. Include sentences
using I wish / If only and connectors to organise
your ideas. You must write at least 100 words.
points
/5
Keep practising
Lets review
Good job!
Brilliant!
0-5
6-10
11-15
16-20
/10
149
unit
Speaking
Integrate listening skills as a basic ability for
oral interaction.
Signal attention, understanting, agreement and
disagreement in conversations, and initiate,
maintain and close a conversation.
Self correct and reword statements.
Writing
Use connectors to sequence sentences in
a logical, cohesive and coherent way for
communicational purposes.
Correction of cohesion and coherence
of their writing tasks according to its
communicational purpose and audience.
Living in Harmony
Learning about our own natural resources and being conscious of our and other peoples actions.
150
Unit 8
o
L es s n
Pre-Reading
commons.wiki
media.
While Reading
2 Read the two poems about Australia and Chile.
a Which one is about Chile?
b What similarities are there between these
two countries?
c How are a countrys geographical features
important for its progress and economy?
Post Reading
3 Do you know what Chile produces and
manufactures?
Work in groups of 4 or 5. Look at the following
list and discuss what you know about the various
industries. Do an Internet research on the topics
that are less familiar to you.
- processed salmon and trout
- petrol, fuel oils, and lubricants
- Chilean wine
- timber and pulp
- methanol
- fishmeal
- copper wire
- nitrate products
STEP IT up!
151
Vocabulary
4 Match the columns to complete the ideas.
a mineral resources
b agricultural raw materials
c forestry
d local challenges
e adequate labour levels
f
protected country
Pre-Reading
5 In pairs, discuss the following questions:
What do the words import and export mean
to you?
Do you know a company that does one of
these two? Which one?
While Reading
6 Read the texts quickly. These texts are part of...
a a report
b a story
c a biography
152
Unit 8
Post Reading
8 a If you had to promote Chile to foreign
countries, how would you do it?
Make a spider map with your ideas.
Detail
Main Idea
Main Idea
Main topic
or theme
Main Idea
Main Idea
Detail
Detail
SPEAK OUT!
Talking about facts.
According to an article I read recently...
153
Language in Use
While Listening
Suffixes
Create new words by modifying the _______ of the word.
e.g., care + ful: careful (adjective)
careful + ly: carefully (adverb)
Various suffixes:
-able -ible, -al, -ial, -en, -er, -ful, -ic, -ing, -sion, -tion, -ity, -ty,
-less, -ment, -ness, -ly, -ive, -ous, -y, -age
ex.beautiful hotter organisation easily
12
Geography that
favours wine
production
Climate that
helps produce
organic wine
Advantages
of the Pacific
Currents in
wine production
Post Listening
Pre-Listening
11 In pairs, ask and answer the following questions:
a Where are there vineyards in Chile?
154
Unit 8
o
L es s n
Global Trade
Pre-Listening
commons.wikimedia.org
people
verb
documents
objects
declare
While Listening
3
155
Language in Use
Which question is more direct?
What is your name?
Could I ask you what your name is?
By making a question less direct, it becomes more
formal. Indirect questions are used when you are talking
to strangers or being polite.
Practice
7 Change the first question into a less direct question.
Use the Language in Use box for help.
Learning TIP
Dont be afraid!
Never be afraid to try speaking to other people, even
if you arent completely confident. They will appreciate
your efforts and you might surprise yourself!
Post Listening
?
d Where did we park the car?
?
SPEAK OUT!
commons.wikimedia.org
Checking Facts
If you have a doubt about something use these
phrases to clarify:
Let me get this straight.
You mean ?
If I understand you correctly, ...
So youre saying that...?
156
Unit 8
Pre-Reading
8 Read the title and answer, what comes to your
mind?
9 Define Global Trading using your own words.
Compare your definition with your partner.
While Reading
10 Read the text. What can you infer about Chiles
economic position? Give 3 ideas.
Post Reading
11 a Discuss the following questions in groups of 3
or 4.
What things do you own (shoes, mobiles,
etc.) and where do they come from?
What products would you like to see
imported into Chile? Why?
Do you believe that there are any negative
consequences to global trading? If yes, what?
What other products does Chile have the
potential to produce and export?
b Using your answers and ideas, complete the
diagram below.
c Exchange information with your partners.
Do you have the same conclusions?
against
for
Common
features
157
o
L es s n
Climate Change
Pre-Reading
1 Read the title of the article. Which of the words in the box will the text contain?
adventure | conference | disaster | experiments | global warming | holiday |
researchers | skiers | spacecraft | species | surfing | threat | tsunami | ice sheet
2 Skim the article and check. Were you right? Highlight the words you find. Do your classmates have the same
answers?
Ice could
collapse,
say scientists
B
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Antarctic Studies
158
Unit 8
Post Reading
5 Find words or phrases in the text to match these
definitions:
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
made public
danger
at an unspecified future time
break into smaller pieces
worry
stop
distant / isolated
speed
increasing
Language in Use
Adverbs
e.g., The ice sheet could eventually collapse.
Circle the correct alternative(s).
a. Adverbs are usually formed by adding / -ly/, /-est/ or
/-er/ to an adjective.
b. They can modify nouns / adjectives / verbs or /other
adverbs.
c. and can be one word / a phrase.
Practice
7 Write the adverb form of the following
adjectives and create a sentence. Use the
Language in Use box for help.
possible possibly
It will possibly rain tomorrow.
sad
obvious
very good (irregular)
extreme
healthy
commons.wikimedia.org
While Reading
159
Post Listening
Pre-Listening
ii
iii
iv
Dear Friend,
Did you know
If you care about the Earth, you will want to
improve it. Here are some practical ideas.
Try to.
Dont.
If we.
12 In groups of 4, create a weather forecast in
which you best represent your region. Record it!
o nu
r
P
vi
nciati o
n
13
a
b
c
d
e
While Listening
9
10
160
14
blow
weather
flood
ice
sunny
snow
heat
cool
wind
humid
Underline the
words that have the
same sound.
showers
heavy
loose
sky
up
below
eventually
typhoon
lightening
thunder
Pre-Reading
15 Discuss the following:
Unit 8
While Reading
16
3
Read the first paragraph of the article. Name at least three negative consequences of climate change.
Facts
1 Automobiles are the biggest source of atmospheric pollution, contributing to 14% of the worlds
carbon dioxide emissions.
2 At least 90% of the energy consumed by washing clothes and dishes is just to heat the water.
3 It takes between 24 and 36 trees to absorb the CO2 emissions from just one house.
4 Many political parties now make it a priority to combat climate change.
5 Buses and trains are much less harmful to the ozone layer than planes.
6 Typically, the amount of electricity a computer uses in: between 65 and 250 watts, while a TV can use
up to 200 watts.
Post Reading
18 Match the following solutions to the facts about
climate change.
e.g., Plant trees. 3
a
b
c
d
161
o
L es s n
Going Green
Speaking
1
u environmentally friendly?
o
Are y
Check
When batteries
run out, I
a throw them in the bin.
b put them in a cupboard.
c take them to be recycled.
SPEAK OUT!
Asking for clarification
I dont understand.
Im sorry, I dont follow you.
What do you mean?
Can you explain that?
Could you give me an example?
5 I take
a a bath every day.
b a bath sometimes but
I prefer showers.
c showers.
6 I usually
a come to school by car.
b take public transport.
c walk to school.
162
Unit 8
Pre-Reading
4
While Reading
Have you seen the symbol for the three Rs in
Chile? If you have, do you remember where?
A common problem we face today is rubbish, and
what to do with it. Practically everything we buy
comes in packaging which we are forced to throw
away. In fact, the average person throws away their
own weight in rubbish every three months. For
example, bottles, paper, cardboard and plastic, could
all be recycled. People make excuses for not recycling
and say that there are no recycling containers near
their homes. However, this is not true in many cases.
Rubbish which cannot be recycled is incinerated
or buried; both of these methods are bad for the
environment. Firstly, incinerating rubbish produces
greenhouse gases and uses large amounts of energy.
Secondly, burying rubbish in landfill sites produces
pollution and reduces the quality of life for people
living near the sites.
In conclusion, what can we do about rubbish? The
golden rule according to environmental groups
is to reduce, reuse, and recycle. If we reduced
consumption, we would produce less packaging. If we
reused packaging like plastic bags, we would produce
less rubbish. If we recycled more, we wouldnt need
to bury or incinerate so much rubbish.
Post Reading
6
For example
Secondly
However
In conclusion
Summary
What?
When?
How?
Why?
Main Idea
Where?
163
Post Listening
Pre-Listening
8
Writing
13 Write summarise the grandfathers position of 10
sentences. Do not forget the process of writing:
a Pre-writing. Brainstorm your ideas and
organize them.
While Listening
9
10
164
STEP IT up!
vie
Re w
unit
1
Organize the words from the box by setting up the correct sequence to follow when importing or exporting
a product. Use the sequence diagram.
shipping agents freight customs containers waybills packing slip ship declare
a Is it okay?
b contact
c revise
d connect
i
ii
iii
iv
5
a
b
c
d
3
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
look over
touch base
do you mind?
put someone through
never
slowly
nearly
hardly
obviously
reduce
pollution
plastic bags
recycle
rubbish
ful
tion
______________________________________
able
______________________________________
ible
______________________________________
ment
ness
______________________________________
er
ly
______________________________________
______________________________________
165
s h ee
ts
or k
unit
1
Practice
2
Reuse
Recycle
Reduce
166
Unit 8
s h ee
ts
or k
unit
6
Deforestation, or the clearing of trees by bulldozers, chainsaws and fire, happens very quickly.
You might ask why companies are allowed to fell trees if they are so important.
Environmental groups like Greenpeace and WWF are working to save the rainforest.
The Amazon rainforest, often called the lungs of the world, is under threat.
As 60-80% of logging
work is illegal, it is
difficult to stop them.
These companies clear
the forest and sell
wood to the paper
industry or to furniture
manufacturers. Once
the land is cleared,
farmers use it to
provide grazing for their
cattle or to grow crops
like soybeans. Mining
causes even more
deforestation across
large areas of the forest.
Adapted from Archer, D, and Rahmstorf, S. (2010). Impacts of climate change. The Climate Crisis:
An Introductory Guide to Climate Change. London: Penguin Books. Pp. 151-190.
Write the full answers to the following questions in reference to the text.
a
b
c
d
e
167
Pro
ject
unit
Debate
Look at the school notice board. Do you have a society like this in your school?
Debating Society
Topics:
168
commons.wikimedia.org
The debating society invites students to our next debate. If you would
like to join the debate, contact the club president, Tomas Hall, by
tomorrow afternoon.
unit
Listening
1
rogre
ss
yP
Listen to four speakers and match them with the terms in the box. There are two extra topics.
recycling
traffic
Speaker 1 _______________
Speaker 2 _______________
food production
water shortages
office
equipment
Speaker 3 _______________
Speaker 4 _______________
Reading
points
/4
2 Answer the questions according to the information in the text. Use your own words.
a What does the line human lifespan could be greatly extended infer? ______________________________
b What changes will we see by 2050? ______________________________________________________
c Does the text indicate that the world will be a better or worse place in 2050? _______________________
points
/6
points
/10
Writing
3 Write a mini report about Natural Resources.
Use the report on page 163 as a guide.
Linking words are important. Use the ones from page 136 to organize your ideas.
Use around 50 words.
Organize the information in at least 2 paragraphs.
Keep practising
Lets review
Good job!
Brilliant!
0-5
6-10
11-15
16-20
169
Answer Key
Welcome
p.9
4 b i speaking; ii jealous; iii talking to herself; iv to improve her
English; v to feel more comfortable speaking
5 a i Why do you think speaking and writing in English is
important?
ii How does learning English help us access information?
iii Does it help us communicate with people in other countries?
iv Does it help us get better jobs?
v What jobs or programmes require people who speak
English?
vi What kind of information would you like to read or listen to?
Unit 1
p.11
1 Francisco: trousers, tie, shirt
Camila: hoodie, necklace, earrings, boots
Javier: ring, belt
Sol: headband, leggings, sweatshirt
3 Tops: hoodie, sweatshirt, shirt
Bottoms: trousers, leggings
Accessories: headband, belt, tie
Jewellery: ring, necklace, earrings
Footwear: boots
p.12
6 b stereotypes
7 i F ii F iii T iv F
p.13
9 Hair: spiked, dyed, shaggy
Clothes: multi-coloured, coats, scarves, shorts, gloves, ear muffs,
hats, turbans, baggy, trainers
People: extroverted, reserved, old-fashioned, boring
p.15
2 The following sentences must be underlined:
the culture of other countries; other cultures are more
interesting than my own; every time I travel; things about other
cultures; I went to the USA as a child; Brits are very different
people; I think this is happening.
p.17
5 a composes the melodies b in the 1960s c their own
experiences d guitar or piano
6 a Chicago and New York
b He travelled in a van.
c He travelled with his friend.
d They slept in parking lots.
p.18
2 Story 1: The Ghost Who Hitchhikes
Story 2: Keep Your Promise, Receive Your Wish
Story 3: A Hungry Beast
p.19
5 a claimed= alleged b conductor=driver c not
changed=untouched d report= descriptions e come
form=originated f seen=sighted
6 but, when, so, and
p.20
10 a help me
b borrow it please
c lend it
d wont have
e Ill go upstairs
p.22
2 i f ii a iii c iv e v b vi d vii g
p.14
13 a i The girl in the picture looks younger, not older.
iv In the background you can see a big city and not a park
with children playing.
170
Answer key
p.23
4 a were able to b searching for c revealed to d seeking
e return f appeared g grief h wept i spot j remain
k spread l bloom
5 a The man came searching for gold.
b No.
c She died from grief.
d Because when Aauca died, she became a flower in order to
spread her love.
p.24
p.33
9 bird: were, learn; ear: near, clear; bed: wept, red; tree: seek, me
p.27
p.34
p.25
p.29
1 a As diverse.
b In the way they dress, music they listen to, and the way they
enjoy themselves.
c Music (The Beatles), pubs (a pint of beer), food (fish and
chips), London taxis, the red buses and telephone booths, the
Royal Family and, of course, the BBC.
d BBC.
e Radio and TV popular entertainment programmes and others
of minority interests.
p.35
2c
p.36
6 a sky-high
b open-mouthed
c clown-like
d brightly-coloured
Unit 2
p.31
1b blues, bachata, indie rock, folk, hip hop
2 a i Why, c; ii What, c; iii Who, c; iv When, b; v How many, b;
vi How, c; vii Whose, b; viii Which, c ix Where, b
p.32
5 a iii b iv c ii d i
7 a WOMADs objective is to bring together and celebrate
different forms of music, art and dance from countries and
cultures all over the world.
p.38
1 a ii b ii
p.39
5b
8 a 1 b 6 c 9 d 10 e 3 f 8 g 7 h 4 i 5 j 2
p.40
9 a exciting b interested c disappointed d depressing
10 a i b ii
p.43
8 a iii b ii c iv d i
e bored
Answer key
171
4 A 1; B 6; C 3; D 5; E 2; F 4
p.45
p.56
6 i C; ii D; iii A; iv B
4 a iii b i c vi d v e ii f iv g vii
p.46
5 a but; b and; c but; d but; e but; f and; g so; h and; i so
p.57
9 a Dear Sir b I am writing c We would like d I look forward
to hearing from you e Yours faithfully
p.47
p.58
2 food products
4 a iii b ii
p.49
1a4 b2 c1 d5 e3
p.60
7 a worksheets b sugary c dairy foods d consumers
8 a was, past simple b was being used, past continuous c could
be, future possibility d has recently been shown, present perfect
Unit 3
9 a Young sports stars like Rafael Nadal are being hired by large
companies.
p.51
p.52
5cab
p.53
7 a was made b are designed c participated d is eliminated
e was filmed
p.54
9 b get attached-feel empathy; resources-possibility; despise-hate;
lack-dont have; harm-hurt; deserves-merits; purpose-objective
10 a Speaker 2 b Speaker 1
p.55
2 spice rack: a place to keep spices that are used in the kitchen
to sneak up: to go close to someone quietly so they dont see
you
David: a famous sculpture by Michelangelo
the press: the people who work in the media (TV, newspaper,
magazine, etc.)
spices: powders with a strong taste or smell used in cooking
to change mind: to change opinion about something
172
Answer key
p.61
14 /s/ parents: teachers, purchase, misleading, broadcast
/z/ used: advertise, knows, was, is, has, present, used, criticism
p.62
5 crash: an accident
lad: a young man
a bend in the road: a curve
licence: a document that gives you the right to drive
skid: the action when a vehicle stops suddenly and slides
unconscious: not awake
seatbelt: a safety device in a car
p.63
9 Really? What Happened? Go on
10 a Asking for information What happened?; So what did she do?
Echoing- Screaming?
Encouraging the speaker to continue-Go on
Using adjectives and exclamations- Yeah
Asking for clarification- No, what?; What do you mean?
p.74
14 a dont b might not c might d have to
16 YouTube: Why Use It?
p.64
17 a, c, e
p.75
p.65
p.76
p.66
p.67
6 formal letters, with, yours faithfully
7 Formal letters: (opening) Dear Ms Hennessy, Dear Sir or
Madam, To whom it may concern (within) I found our meeting
most interesting, did not (closing) I look forward to hearing from
you, Please do not hesitate to contact me again, Best wishes
Informal letters: (opening) Dear Vicky, Hi Sally (within) Thanks
for, didnt, It was great to see you (closing) Let me know, Love
from, See you soon.
p.77
10 To make additions: also, and, as well, besides, in addition, what is
more, too
To give reasons and conclusions: first of all, secondly, in
conclusion
To give opinions: I think, I would say
p.78
p. 69
1 a was cleaning b be written c take place
d were eating e had died
3 Anxious when not connected to the net, spend too many hours
surfing the net, not sleeping enough.
p.79
Unit 4
4 a iii b i c i d ii
p.71
p.80
6aa
p.72
9ai
bb
cc
da
ec
b iii
p. 81
p.73
12 a ii b iv c viii d vi e iii
f vii g v h i
p.82
e get up
12 a set up b get up c take part
d do away with
Answer key
173
p.87
p. 83
d to communicate with
p.84
9 a Scientists are researching how to link your brain to technology
devices.
p.89
2 a Domestic robots will do all the boring jobs b Robots will do
the dangerous jobs. c Jobs such as doctors, pilots and scientists.
d We wont be able to control them. e Robots will destroy the
human race and possibly the entire planet.
p.85
1 Correct: b, d
2 A: I want to buy the latest smart phone
B: Really? My sister has it.
A: How does it work?
B: She told me the system is too slow.
A: Maybe I should wait until the next model comes out.
4 a i participate ii something small enough to be held in
your hand iii rise iv something able to be recharged
p.86
1 a alarm clock is different from school bell, one is used in the
house and the other exclusively in schools
b sightseeing tours show tourists the most famous aspects of a
city
c a traffic jam is when there is a lot of traffic, a car crash is when
two cars hit each other.
d Traffic lights give directions to cars, street lights illuminate
public spaces.
e Microchips are in cellphones and computers, chocolate chips
are in cookies.
3 a I might not buy a digital radio.
b My mobile phone couldnt be broken.
174
Answer key
Unit 5
p.91
4 a To do something else that is useful, to make more friends and
to earn money for free time expenses.
b How to fill out an application, how to interview well, how to
work responsibly, and how to get along with coworkers and
superiors.
c They may have less time to sleep, exercise, and spend time
with their families.
p.92
7 i better employability; ii profit margin; iii educational
institutions; iv connections with companies; v technical
assistance; vi good insertion; vii dependable and competent
8 a Companies are recruiting people who can fix and
programme engines because they are incorporating
automatized mechanisms that need maintenance.
b Because most companies need to work with computerized
networks.
p.93
9 a iii; b i; c ii; d vi; e v; f vii; g iv
p.94
p.99
11 a i; b ii; c i
p.95
4 a Music, ska punk, HxC, bike riding and football when he has
time.
b Latest technology.
p.100
7 consistently, good attitude, challenge yourself, a good relationship
with others, appreciate, neat and organized, gossip, rumours,
work without supervision, a good and professional relationship
p.102
3 a T; b F; c F; d F; e T; f F
d computer games
p.96
p.103
5 a ii; b i; c ii
e overworked; f paramount
p.105
3 a ii; b i
p.106
1 a recruiters; b subsidized; c advice; d programmers
2 a a apply for a job; b neat and organized; c technical career;
d positive attitude; e job hunting; f self-confidence
3 a i; b ii; c ii; d i
p.98
p.109
Unit 6
p.112
7 a I dont like people who are egocentric.
b I wouldnt go out on a blind date.
c I have a few friends and theyre like family to me.
d I cant see the point in speed dating.
e It doesnt bother me if my friends call me all the time.
9 a Shes too shy to ask her friend out.
Answer key
175
p.121
12 d; c; e; a; b
p.113
e The storm had avoided the island and the people they had
met were unharmed.
p.122
p.114
j exhausted
4 play: volleyball, basketball, football, hockey
go: surfing, jogging, skateboarding, swimming, cycling
do: gymnastics, yoga
p. 115
3 a actor, director, and extra; b trilogy; c comedies and action
films; d takes place; e well-known; f crowd; g best-seller
5 a play; b go;
c do
p.123
p.116
6 g: ghost
f: cough, laugh
gh: eight, thought, weigh
p.124
e Yes.
10 a rugby; b bowling
12 a iii b ii c i d iv
p.119
p.125
b An odd number.
d Arabic cultures.
e Yes, it does
e have they
p.120
10 a however; b and; c Therefore; d and; e in fact; f even;
g and; h although
176
Answer key
6 a Ive seen that film. We use present perfect to talk about life
experiences. I saw that film last week. We use past simple to talk
about events that happened in the past at definite times.
b Theyve been going out for two years. This action started in the
past and will perhaps continue into the future. They went out
for two years. They are not together anymore.
p.126
p.135
p.127
6 a check-in; b passport; c luggage; d carry-on bag; e boarding
pass; f gate; g departure lounge; h board
p.137
9 Illnesses and accidents that make teenagers need a doctor.
p.138
p.129
1 a Its on the Welsh coast between Great Orme, Little Orme and
the sea.
p.139
c Lewis Carroll, spent some time there and its where he met
his wife, Alice.
p.140
2 a 4; b 2; c 5; d 1; e 3
Unit 7
p.132
12 b
13 a Experts suggest that school should start later.
b They reported that they were sleepy during the day and even
needed a daytime nap.
p.141
p.133
7 a Shouldnt, they are high in fat, sugar and salt.
b Should, they are full of vitamins and minerals.
c Shouldnt, we can eat more food than we need or the wrong
food.
9 f i; d ii ; a iii ; g iv; b v; h vi; c vii; e viii; i ix
p.134
14 d
p.142
3 a i Move your body and help your heart get healthier
v Sleep. Irritability.
Answer key
177
p.143
p.152
p.145
6 a a report
7 a food production and textile industry;
b environmental factors, low birth rate;
p.146
1 a healthy lifestyle; b junk food; c on the move;
d health problems; e bad nutrition; f mind and body
2 a have done; b have helped; c have had; d passes; e used to;
p.153
9 a to make famous; b do business; c do well; d make progress
p.154
Language in Use: ending
10 a agricultural; b forestry; c cleaner; d effective; e refining
12 Geography that favours wine production: the natural barriers,
including the Andes Mountains, Atacama Desert, Patagonian
ice fields.
Climate that helps produce organic wine: the natural barriers
and the Mediterranean climate.
Advantages of the pacific currents in wine production the
climate has a cooling effect.
p.147
6 a They wish he talked slower.
b He wishes he found a better job.
c The children wish school didnt start too early.
p.155
1 b people: shipping agents, customs
verb: declare, ship
documents: waybills, packing slip
objects: freight, containers
3 a No, he isnt.
b custom procedures for the containers and freight.
p.149
1 a iv; b ii; c iii; d iii; e iii
2 a His diet is not very healthy and he walks to school.
b He should eat more fruit, vegetables and do more exercise.
p.156
8 a Do you know at what time Walmart opens?;
b Can you tell me where the toilets are?;
c Do you know if Miguel is at work today?;
Unit 8
p.151
1 a Different regions of Chile.
2 a The second poem.
178
Answer key
p.158
1 conference, disaster, experiments, global warming, researchers,
species, threat, ice sheet
p.159
3 a Researchers from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS).
b That the ice sheet was stable.
4 a iii; b ii; c i; d iv
p.166
1 a carefully
c headache
d politeness
e relationship
4a
f knowledge
p.160
b kindness
p.167
6 a d; b a; c b; d c
p.161
16 Greenhouse gases may cause floods, storms, droughts, and heat
waves, and some species are in danger of becoming extinct.
18 a 1; b 5; c 2; d 6; e 7; f 4
p.162
2 a 2; b 7; c 5; d 1; e 4; f 3; g 6
p.163
5 a throw away, recycle; b produce greenhouse gases, using large
amounts of energy, and burying rubbish produces pollution and
reduces quality of life; d recycle, reduce consumption, reuse
packaging
p.164
p.169
1
c worse
11 c
p.165
1 freight, waybills, shipping agent, container, ship, customs, packing
slip, declare
Answer key
179
Grammar Reference
Unit 1
PRESENT SIMPLE
Use:
Habits
Facts, general truths
Routines
Affirmative:
I/you/we/they + verb infinitive
I get up at 7:00 o clock every morning.
He/she/it + verb + s/es
She gets up at 7:00 o clock every morning.
He watches TV after school.
Negative:
I/you/we/they + dont + verb infinitive
They dont work much at the factory.
He/she/it + doesnt + verb infinitive
He doesnt work much at the factory.
Interrogative/Question:
Do + I/you/we/they +verb infinitive + ?
Do you play video games on weekends?
Wh+ do + I/you/we/they + verb infinitive + ?
What do you do on weekends?
Does + He/she/it + verb infinitive + ?
Does she chat with her friends on Facebook?
Wh+ does + He/she/it + verb infinitive + ?
Where does she go after school?
Signal Words: every day/week, sometimes , always , often, usually,
seldom, never, first ... then
PAST SIMPLE
Use:
Action finished in the past
Action happened in the past
Past event
Affirmative:
I/you/we/they/he/she/it + verb in past (2nd column of
verbs)
I went to a party last night.
He ate a big hamburger at the restaurant.
Negative:
I/you/we/they/he/she/it + didnt + verb infinitive
They didnt travel because of the bad weather.
She didnt arrive to school on time.
Interrogative/Question:
Did + I/you/we/they/he/she/it + verb infinitive +?
Did you do your homework?
Wh+ did + I/you/we/they/he/she/it + verb infinitive +?
What did he say about the plan?
Remember:
Many verbs have irregular past forms. Refer to the verb table.
Signal Words: last ..., ... ago, in 1990, yesterday
CONDITIONAL: Zero
Use:
to talk about things which are always true; such as scientific
facts and general truths
180
Grammar Reference
IF CLAUSE (CONDITION)
If + present simple
If you heat water at 100C,
If the sun rises in the east,
CONDITIONAL: 1st
Use:
For real situations.
Possible condition and its probable result.
IF CLAUSE (CONDITION)
If + present simple
If you study, grade in the test.
If you make a mistake,
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Use:
To give additional information about something without starting
another sentence.
To make a text more fluent and avoid repeating certain words.
Relative pronoun
Who
Which
Which
Whose
Whom
That
Defining
Relative
clauses
NonDefining
Relative
clauses
Remember:
Whos, who is or who has is not the same as whose.
Whos that boy? He is John.
Whose pencil is this? Its Jennys.
Unit 2
QUANTIFIERS
Use:
to give information about the number of something: how
much or how many.
Comparative
Superlative
Grammar Reference
181
Unit 3
PASSIVE VOICE
Use:
to give more importance to the action being performed not
the subject.
when we dont know who or what performed the action or
its irrelevant.
Present Simple:
Active: People speak English all over the world.
Passive: English is spoken all over the world
Present Continuous:
Active: They are launching a new range of jeans.
Passive: A new range of jeans is being launched.
Past Simple:
Active: Levi Strauss manufactured the first jeans
Passive: The first jeans were manufactured by Levi Strauss.
Past Perfect:
Active: Cowboys had worn jeans for years before they became
popular.
Passive: Jeans had been worn by cowboys for years before they
became popular.
Present Perfect:
Active: Someone has stolen my jeans from the washing machine!
Passive: My jeans have been stolen from the washing machine!
Going to:
Active: They are going to reduce the price of jeans in the sale.
Passive: The price of jeans is going to be reduced in the sale.
Will:
Active: They will appreciate a good pair of jeans.
Passive: A good pair of jeans will be appreciated.
Modals:
Active: You should not wash your jeans with white clothes.
Passive: Your jeans should not be washed with white clothes.
PAST CONTINUOUS
We use past continuous to talk about actions in progress in
the past:
Nobody was dancing at the party. They were all watching the
Reality show in my bedroom.
To describe the scene, when we are telling a story:
The sun was shining and all the guests were wearing their best
clothes.
With the past simple to talk about interrupted activities:
Pedro was having a lot of fun when his parents arrived and saw
the party mess.
PAST SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS
Use:
to talk about interrupted activities
the past continuous tells us which activity was in progress and
the past simple tells us which activity interrupted it.
I was getting ready for school when my friend called.
We use when with the past simple and as or while with the
past continuous.
As/While I was getting ready for school, my friend called.
182
Grammar Reference
Unit 4
MODALS VERBS
Modals of Possibility and Certainty:
We use could, might and may with an infinitive to talk about
possibility in the present.
I think my cell phone might be lost
It could be somewhere in your bedroom.
It may be under your bed or pillow.
We use cant and must with an infinitive to talk about the
present.
It cant be in my room. I didnt sleep there last night.
It must be somewhere else in the house. I havent gone anywhere.
Modals of Ability and Permission:
We use can and cant to talk about ability in the present:
Can you play the piano?
My dad cant swim
We use could and couldnt to talk about ability in the past.
My nephew could play video games before going to school. But he
couldnt read until he was 7!
We use can to talk about permission in the present and
could to talk about permission in the past:
You cant chat in class!
Students couldnt log in their Facebook until they finished school.
To talk about ability and permission in the past or the future,
we use the verbs be able to and be allowed to:
I have never been able to run a kilometre in one minute.
Will you be allowed to go on holiday this summer?
Modals of Obligation and Prohibition:
We use must and mustnt to talk about obligation and
prohibition.
You must log out of your e-mail account correctly.
You mustnt download music without paying.
We can also use the verbs have to and need to to talk about
obligation but not prohibition.
We have to update our antivirus software regularly.
Remember:
We often use have to to indicate an external legal obligation:
You have to wear a helmet when you ride a motorbike.
And we use must to indicate an internal, personal obligation:
I must remember its Elizabeths birthday tomorrow.
We use dont have to to express lack of obligation:
You dont have to be a professional cyclist to enter the race.
Unit 5
REPORTED SPEECH
Use:
to repeat what a person has said
Direct Speech: I am not going to school today, but I will
tomorrow.
Reported Speech: She said that she wasnt going to school that
day, but she would go the next day.
We often omit that in reported speech, especially in informal
situations:
Direct Speech: Toms been to London many times
Reported Speech: She said (that) Tom had been to London
many times.
We dont use quotation marks () in reported speech. Only to
indicate direct speech:
Direct Speech:I love travelling and meeting new people
Reported Speech: She said (that) she loved travelling and
meeting new people.
Remember:
We often use the verbs say and tell to introduce reported speech.
Tell is always followed by an object, but say is not:
She told me she was eighteen years old.
She said she was eighteen years old.
REPORTED QUESTIONS
When we report questions we make the same changes to
tenses, pronouns and references to time and place as we do with
statements:
Direct Speech: Do you often go to the cinema?
Reported Speech: He asked us if we often went to the cinema.
Direct Speech: Why are you so serious?
Reported Speech:He wanted to know why I was so serious.
We dont use auxiliaries like do, does or did in reported questions:
Direct Speech:What time did you go to bed?
Reported Speech: He asked what time I had gone to bed
When we report yes/no questions, we use if or whether in the
reported question:
Direct Speech: Do you like eating crisps?
Reported Speech: He wanted to know if we liked eating crisps.
Remember:
We use affirmative and NOT interrogative, word order in reported
questions:
Direct Speech: Why are you wearing red clothes today?
Reported Speech: She asked me why I was wearing red clothes
that day ( NOT why was I wearing..?)
CONDITIONAL: 2nd
Use:
To talk about imaginary or improbable situations in the present
or the future
To give advice
IF CLAUSE (CONDITION)
If + past simple
If you saved money,
FUTURE: GOING TO
Use:
to talk about intentions
To make predictions based on evidence
Affirmative: I/you/we/they/he/she/it + be + going to + verb
infinitive
Negative: I/you/we/they/he/she/it + be + not + going to +
verb infinitive
Interrogative: be + I/you/we/they/he/she/it + going to + verb
infinitive+?
Signal Words: in one year, next week, tomorrow
Unit 6
MODAL VERBS: GIVING ADVICE
We use should, shouldnt, ought to, and ought not to to give
advice and making recommendations:
You should think about taking up a new sport.
We ought to do more to help other people.
Young children shouldnt watch violent TV shows.
NEGATIVE QUESTIONS
Uncontracted negative
questions
auxiliary verb + nt + subject
Didnt she come?
Dont you understand?
Werent you surprised?
Uncontracted negative
questions
Auxiliary verb + subject + not
Did she not come?
Do you not understand?
Were you not surprised?
Grammar Reference
183
184
Grammar Reference
Unit 7
WISH and IF ONLY
We use wish and If only with a clause to talk about situations
we want to change.
We use wish and If only with the past simple or past
continuous to express a wish in the present:
I wish I didnt have to get up early tomorrow.
If only we were spending more time together.
We use wish and If only with the past perfect to express
regrets about the past:
I wish we had gone to the party last night.
If only the teachers hadnt taken that test!
We use wish and If only with would and an infinitive to
complain about somebody else:
I wish she wouldnt speak so loud.
If only the students would come on time to class.
FUTURE: GOING TO
Use:
to talk about intentions
To make predictions based on evidence
Affirmative: I used to love watching horror movies but now
they scare me!
Negative: I didnt use to listen to rock. Now we do.
Question: Did you use to wear bright colours as a child?
NOTE: There is no present tense equivalent of used to.
CONDITIONAL: 3rd
Use:
To talk about impossible hypothetical conditions in the past
To talk about situations we regret
IF CLAUSE (CONDITION)
If + past perfect,
If you had saved money,
PREFIXES
a word, or letter(s) placed at the beginning of another word
(a base word) to adjust or qualify its usage or meaning
ADVERBS
Use:
toamodify
a verb, adjective,
oradverb
another adverb
to modify
verb, adjective,
or another
ADVERBS
Prefix
Meaning
Example
Use:
anti-
to modify aagainst
verb, adjective,
or
another
adverb
antifreeze
de-
opposite
defrost
dis-
not, opposite of
disagree
en-, em-
cause to
encode, embrace
fore-
before
forecast
in-, im-
in
infield
in-, im-, il-, ir-
not
injustice, impossible
inter-
between
interact
mid-
middle
midway
mis-
wrongly
misfire
non-
not
nonsense
over-
over
overlook
pre-
before
prefix
re-
again
return
semi-
half
semicircle
sub-
under
submarine
super-
above
superstar
across
transport
trans-
not
unfriendly
un-
Meaning
Example
-able, -ible
-al, -ial
-ed
-en
-er
-er,
-est
-ful
-ion, -tion,
-ity, -ty
-ive, -ative, -itive
-less
-ly
-ment
-ness
-ous, -eous, -ious
-s, -es
-y
can be done
having characteristics of
past-tense verbs
made of
comparative
one who
comparative
full of
act, process
state of
adjective form of a noun
without
characteristic of
action or process
state of, condition of
possessing the qualities of
more than one
characterized by
comfortable
personal
hopped
wooden
higher
worker
biggest
careful
occasion
infinity
plaintive
fearless
quickly
enjoyment
kindness
joyous
books, boxes
happy
Unit 8
SUFFIXES
A suffix is an affix that is added to the end of a word
that conditions its usage or meaning in an inflectional or
derivational way:
Inflectional (grammatical): for example, changing singular to
plural (dog > dogs), or changing present tense to past tense
(walk > walked). In this case, the basic meaning of the word
does not change.
Derivational (the new word has a new meaning, derived
from the original word): for example, teach > teacher or care
> careful
Grammar Reference
185
THE ARTICLE
We use the seasons of the year (spring, summer, autumn, winter) with or without the definite article.
in summer or in the summer
186
Grammar Reference
Rubrics
GENERAL SPEAKING /ORAL ACTIVITY RUBRIC
7: Excellent
The student has given a very clear and organised presentation delivered with confidence. High level and varied vocabulary
and grammar structures. Very clear pronunciation, sounding natural.
6:Very Good
The presentation was nicely organized, delivered with only occasional hesitation. Very good level of vocabulary and grammar
structures. A few errors in pronunciation.
5: Good
The presentation was organized generally well. There were some confusing points because of hesitation. Good level of
vocabulary and grammar structures. Pronunciation was sometimes unclear
4: Satisfactory
The presentation was generally organised. Hesitation sometimes caused confusion for the listener. Grammar and vocabulary
sometimes inaccurate, but message was generally clear. Some pronunciation errors caused speech to be occasionally unclear.
3: Modest
The presentation has some elements of organization. Hesitation often leads to communication breakdown. Inaccuracies in
grammar and vocabulary cause problems with understanding. Pronunciation generally unclear.
2: Basic
Is able to communicate a very simple message although grammar and vocabulary limitations and pronunciation problems
prevent clear understanding
1: Introductory
Severe problems in communicating a simple message in spoken English
GOOD
SATISFACTORY
INSUFFICIENT
POOR
Unclear message
& intention
Illogical or
incomplete
sequencing
Difficult to follow
because of
hesitation
Ideas confused
or disconnected
Lacks logical
sequencing and
development
Hesitation
causes severe
strain for listener
Content &
Organization
20%
Somewhat unclear
message
Intention not clear
Fluency
15%
Fluent
Some hesitation
Vocabulary
25%
Very effective
word/idiom choice
and usage
Very appropriate
register
Effective word/
idiom choice and
usage
Appropriate
register
Adequate range
Occasional errors with
word form, choice or
usage (but meaning not
obscured)
Limited range
Frequent errors
with word form,
choice or usage
Meaning confused or obscured
Heavy L1
influence
Language
Use
25%
Effective use of
more complex
constructions
Few grammar
errors
Effective use
of simple
constructions
Minor problems
with more complex
constructions
Somewhat effective
use of simple
constructions
Some problems with
complex constructions
Frequent
problems in
simple/complex
constructions
Frequent
grammar errors
Major problems
in sentence
construction
Grammar errors
tend to obscure
meaning
Pronunciation
15%
No obvious errors
in pronunciation
Fewer errors in
pronunciation
Occasional errors in
pronunciation
Frequent errors
in pronunciation
Dominated by
errors
RUBRICS
187
GOOD
SATISFACTORY
INSUFFICIENT
POOR
High level of
participation
Contributions are
very thoughtful &
appropriate
Very fluent (no
hesitation)
Good level of
participation
Contributions
are thoughtful
& appropriate
Fluent
Satisfactory level of
participation
Contributions are
relevant
Very little
participation
Contributions
are not always
appropriate
Difficult to
follow because
of hesitation
Not much
participation
Contributions
are inappropriate
Vocabulary
25%
Very effective
word/idiom choice
and usage
Very appropriate
register
Effective word/
idiom choice
and usage
Appropriate
register
Adequate range
Occasional errors with
word form, choice or
usage (but meaning
not obscured)
Limited range
Frequent errors
with word form,
choice or usage
Meaning
confused or
obscured
Heavy L1
influence
Language
Use
25%
Effective use of
more complex
constructions
Few grammar
errors
Effective use
of simple
constructions
Minor problems
with more
complex
constructions
Somewhat effective
use of simple
constructions
Some problems
with complex
constructions
Frequent
problems in
simple/complex
constructions
Frequent
grammar errors
Major problems
in sentence
construction
Grammar errors
tend to obscure
meaning
Pronunciation
15%
No obvious errors
in pronunciation
Fewer errors in
pronunciation
Occasional errors in
pronunciation
Frequent errors
in pronunciation
Dominated by
errors
Participation
20%
Fluency
15%
Some hesitation
Hesitation causes
severe strain for
listener
GOOD
SATISFACTORY
Content is creatively
expressed and well
developed.
Content is clearly
conveyed, but rather
repetitive.
Content is
generally clear but
not developed.
Content is
not clear.
Content not
related to task.
Grammar &
Vocabulary
Uses language
consistently well.
Displays syntactic
variety and
appropriate word
choice. There may
be a few errors.
Displays ability to
use language, errors
do not obscure
meaning. Attempts
to use more
complex structures
and vocabulary.
Frequent
errors in
language use
and sentence
structure.
Coherence
There is little
sense in organization.
Serious and
frequent errors
in language use
and sentence
structure.
Reader may
strain to
understand.
There is no
sense of organization.
Content
188
RUBRICS
INSUFFICIENT
POOR
Pronunciation Guide
Consonants
Symbol
p
b
t
d
k
g
t
d
f
v
s
z
h
m
n
l
w
r
j
Vowels
Examples
pen, happy
back, but
two, talk
dog, do
came, key
game, girl
watch, chair
July, bridge
photograph, for
have
thing
the, this
see, city
please, goes
shirt, station
pleasure
hat, who
man, some
sun, know
sing
like
white, we
run, very
yes, you
Symbol
Examples
/i:/
see, eat
//
did, city
/e/
day, eight
/e/
bed, dress
//
cat, bad
//
box, father
//
bought, dog
/o/
go, no
//
book, good
/u/
food, student
//
but, mother
//
banana, computer
//
/a/
buy, eye, my
/a/
how, now
//
boy
/r/
near, here
/r/
hair, there
/r/
bar
/r/
door
/r/
tour
PRONUNCIATION GUIDE
189
Listening
Comprehension
Reading Comprehension
Oral Expression
Written Expression
Learning Objectives
U1
U2
U3
U4
Listening
Comprehension
Reading Comprehension
Oral Expression
Written Expression
Learning Objectives
U5
U6
U7
U8
Transcripts
Welcome Unit
Track 2 page: 9 Activity 4.
Carla: Hi Patricia, how are you?
Patricia: Hi Carla, What do you think about your
English class this year?
Carla: Im not sure, this year were doing a lot
more speaking in class. Im a bit shy when I have
to speak in English because I worry too much
about making mistakes. There are other people in
my class who speak much better than I do.
Patricia: I know, I have people like that in my class
too. They dont care about making mistakes. They
just talk.
Carla: Yeah, and they are able to get their message
across even using bad grammar! Im so jealous! I
think they practise out of the classroom too.
Patricia: I listen to music but I dont read books
or magazines. My teacher says that its best to
learn by doing. You know what I mean?
Carla: Absolutely, if I dont start practising speaking
now I wont be able to use it when I need it in the
future. All I do is watch television in English.
Patricia: Good for you. Im afraid I dont, but I
usually surf the Internet at the weekends. You
know what I have started doing?
Carla: What?
Patricia: Youre not going to believe this but
I started talking to myself... like having short
conversations with myself.
Carla: Really, have you lost your mind?
Patricia: No! I think it works. I make up stories
about people and say them out loud. I sometimes
record them and then I listen to them
Carla:Youre joking!
Patricia: Of course, I do this at home in my room,
so nobody can hear me.
192
Transcripts
Unit 1
Track 3 page: 11 Activity 2
Speaker 1: Javier is wearing a ring on his thumb,
a belt that holds up his jeans because theyre not
tight-fitted. He is also wearing a black sweatshirt
and has a chain around his neck, like a necklace.
Speaker 2: Camila is wearing a black hoodie, a
long, frilly skirt though she doesnt seem to be
wearing earrings and I cant see if she has boots
on her feet.
Speaker 3: Francisco is wearing part of his
uniform: black trousers, a white shirt, and dark tie.
He looks a bit untidy and informal.
Speaker 4: Sol is very much in fashion. Shes
wearing light grey leggings with a blue hoodie and
a wide headband in matching colours.
Track 4 page: 14 Activity 13
There is a young woman in this picture. Shes in
the middle of the photograph. She looks older,
maybe in her fifties. Shes slim, with red hair. I dont
think shes very tall because of her shoesthey
have very high heels. Perhaps shes quite short and
wears shoes like this to seem taller. Shes wearing
quite unusual clothes: a dress that seems to be
to recreate us
all things grow, all things grow
we had our mindset
all things know, all things know
you had to find it
all things go, all things go
I drove to New York
in a van, with my friend
we slept in parking lots
I dont mind, I dont mind
I was in love with the place
in my mind, in my mind
I made a lot of mistakes
in my mind, in my mind
Transcripts
193
194
Transcripts
Unit 2
Track 12 page: 31 Activity 1b
1. blues
2. bachata
3. indie rock
4. folk
5. hip hop
Track 13 page: 31 Activity 3
A: Welcome to the show! Today we have a special
music quiz for all our listeners. We are going to
test your knowledge of Latin American Music
Lets see starting with the first contestant.
Question 1: Why did Los Prisioneros break up?
B: Because Jorge Gonzlez went solo.
Transcripts
195
196
Transcripts
Unit 3
Track 21 page 54 Activity 11
Speaker 1: Reality TV shows... do you like them? I
used to love American Idol, like back when Fantasia
Barrino was on it. And I started watching Project
Runway recently. I like those shows because they
Transcripts
197
198
Transcripts
Unit 4
Track 29 page: 74 Activities 16 and 17
Im sure most of you have logged on to YouTube
and watched, or even uploaded a video. Millions
of people do every day.
You might have chosen the most-viewed video
of the week or searched for something different.
After all, you can watch extracts from TV shows,
music videos, and even films, not to mention the
thousands of homemade videos that users upload
onto the site.Teachers use it to show clips in class,
office workers to have a laugh in their coffee
breaks, and there is a growing list of people who
have become famous after being spotted on the
video-sharing website. I wonder if the founders of
the site had any idea what they had started!
Track 30 page: 75 Activities 3 and 4
These days, teenagers are called the thumb
generation because they spend all day using their
thumbs: to send text messages, to play hand-held
games, to listen to music on MP3s and MP4s or
to exchange photographs in real time. You name
it, they use their thumbs to do it!
Recently, Channel 4 TV commissioned research
into the relationship that young people, between
the ages of twelve and twenty-four, have with new
technology. Youths own an average of eight digital
devices. These include MP3s, mobile phones,
game consoles, PCs, and digital cameras.
Most young people are expert multitaskers. This
means they can conduct as many as five activities
at the same time as they are watching TV. And
Transcripts
199
200
Transcripts
Unit 5
Track 35 page: 91 Activities 3 and 4
These days, many high school or university
students are getting part-time jobs during the
week.
The reasons why many of them are getting so
enthusiastic to get a job may be due to the
following reasons:
To get something else to do that is useful.
To make their own money for free time
expenses.
To make money to help finance a degree.
Pros:
Jobs are opportunities for teenagers to learn
work skills they will need throughout their lives,
such as how to fill out an application, how to do
well in an interview, how to work responsibly,
and how to get along with co-workers and
superiors.
Jobs can be taken as opportunities to build
confidence and independence.
Jobs assist students in managing their finances
responsibly.
Jobs are excellent chances for students to find
the essence of their career paths.
Cons:
Students who work more than 13 to 20 hours
a week are more likely to feel stressed.
Students who work may have more difficulty
maintaining friendships or doing other
extracurricular activities.
Overworked students may have less time to
sleep, exercise, and spend time with their families.
Transcripts
201
Part 2
Interviewer: What are some of your other interests?
Emilio: Music, especially ska, punk, and hardcore. I also
ride my bike everywhere and play football when I
have time.
Interviewer: What do you like most about your job?
Emilio: I like working with the latest technology.
Interviewer: And what do you like the least about it?
Emilio: Working extra hours. We have deadlines and
we need to work so that the game is finished on
time.
Interviewer: What are your favourite video games?
Emilio: I play online games like: Quake Live, Call Of
Duty: Ghosts, and now I play Battlefield 4.
Interviewer: What are your future plans?
Emilio: I would like to do a masters degree in the
United States. I think it will improve my chances of
getting a better job with a higher salary. It would also
be a great life experience to live in another country
and learn about the culture.
Interviewer: How important do you think it is to
be familiar with computer and Internet technology
nowadays?
Emilio: I think today technology is part of everyones
life and thats also why so many people play games
just for fun, too.
Interviewer: What advice would you give a student
here in Chile who is trying to decide what to study
and where to study?
Emilio: I would tell them to look for something they
really enjoy doing, because they will have to do it 8
hours a day, every day! So its a difficult decision.
Interviewer: Thanks Emilio, that was great!
Emilio:Youre welcome.
202
Transcripts
Transcripts
203
Unit 6
Track 42 page: 112 Activities 9 and 10
Caller1: I really like the boy next door. Weve
known each other for five years and we are
friends. Hes quite popular: he gets good marks
at school and hes very athletic. The problem is Id
like to go out with him. But Im not sure if he likes
me in that way. Id love to ask him out, but I dont
want to ruin our friendship.
Caller 2: I started a new school last week and
as Im quite shy, I find it difficult to make friends. I
cant sleep at night, and Ive been getting very bad
headaches. I find it hard to concentrate when Im
in class. What can I do to feel less stressed?
Caller 3: My brother is doing his exams and every
time I talk to him he gets angry and shouts at me.
He doesnt want to accept any help or advice
from me. I cant understand him! I think he needs
to relax more. What should I do to help him?
204
Transcripts
Transcripts
205
206
Transcripts
Unit 7
Track 50 page: 134 Pronunciation Activity 13
a But not all is lost and you can still live a life
on the move, looking and feeling better by
adopting an improved lifestyle.
b What makes the situation worse is that most of
these sedentary activities include food. Junk food.
Transcripts
207
i
ii
iii
iv
208
Transcripts
agree
regular
virus
smoking
disagree
irregular
antivirus
non-smoking
Unit 8
Track 57 page: 154 Activity 12
Chiles geographic barriersthe Atacama Desert
to the north, the Andes Mountains to the east, the
Patagonian ice fields to the south, and the Pacific
Ocean to the west make Chile an authentic
agricultural island. Together they help maintain
healthy conditions and protect vineyards against
pests and disease. And with geography as diverse
as in Chile, the combination of beneficial natural
barriers and a generous Mediterranean climate
make sustainability and organics a true choice in
Chilean winegrowing. In wine production, Chiles
climate is highly influenced by the cooling effect
of the Pacific Ocean and the Humboldt Current.
Transcripts
209
210
Transcripts
Thematic Index
A
E
Entertainment: books. p. 41; reality shows. p. 51-52.
holidays. p. 121.
Work: jobs. p. 91, 96, 97; skills. p. 94, 100, 101; personality
and work. p. 98.
H
Health: advice. p. 142, 144; lifestyles. p. ; medical terms. p.
144; nutrition. p. 132 133; problems. p. 135, 137.
Hobbies: sports. p. 122, 124; webaholism. p. 78; free time.
p. 115 116.
N
Natural resources: Chile. p. 152 - 153; relationship with
the economy. p. 151;
THEMATIC INDEX
211
Glossary
A
B
Basin n, an open, round container shaped like a bowl with
sloping sides, used for holding food or liquid
i
Beliefs n, the feeling of being certain that something exists
or is true; something that you believe
Break up v, to end a relationship
Broadcasting n, sending out a programme on television
or radio
c
Career n, the job or series of jobs that you do during your
working life, especially if you continue to get better jobs and
earn more money
Chart n, a drawing that shows information in a simple way,
often using lines and curves to show amounts
Chore n, a job or piece of work that is often boring or
unpleasant but needs to be done regularly
Contestant n, someone who competes or participates
in a contest
Countless adj, very many, or too many to be counted
Currently adv, of the present time
212
Glossary
j
Job n, the regular work that a person does to earn
money
o
Overwhelm v, to cause someone to feel sudden strong
emotion
s
Skill n, an ability to do an activity or job well, especially
because you have practised it
Speech n, the ability to talk, the activity of talking, or a
piece of spoken language
u
Unfair adj, not treating people in a equal way, or not
morally right
Unharmed adj, not hurt or damaged
w
Waste n, an unnecessary or wrong use of money,
substances, time, energy, abilities, etc.
Whole grains n, cereals in their natural state, without
manufacture
Willing adj, describes someone who does their work
energetically and enthusiastically
Witness n, to see something happen
Worried adj, unhappy because you are thinking about
problems or unpleasant things that may happen
t
To broaden v, to make/become wider, or to cause
something to become wider
To conduct v, to organize and perform a particular
activity
To credit v, to believe - to believe something that may
not be true
To encourage v, motivate and give confidence to
someone to do something or to make something more
likely to happen
To forbid v, not to allow something, especially officially,
or to prevent a particular plan of action by making it
impossible
To grab v, to take hold of something or someone
suddenly and roughly with your hand
To get hooked v, + adj, informal - enjoying something so
much that you dont want or are unable to stop having it,
watching it, doing it
To grant v, to give or allow someone something, usually
in an official way
To infer v, to form an opinion or guess that something is
true because of the information that you have
To supply v, to provide something that is wanted or
needed, often in large quantities and over a long period of
time
213
Glossary
Bibliography
Campbell, R., Holley, G., Metcalf, R. (2009d). English In motion 4. Oxford: Richmond.
Downie, M., Gray, D., & Jimnez, J.M. (2011). Target B1+, Students book, Workbook, & Teachers book. Oxford, Ox:
Richmond.
Fidalgo.A, Fontanillo. A, & Mayorga, I. (2010). In Gear 1, Students book, Teachers book, Teachers resource book, &
Workbook. Oxford, Ox: Richmond
Fidalgo.A, Fontanillo. A, & Mayorga, I. (2010). In Gear 2, Students book, Teachers book, Teachers resource book, &
Workbook. Oxford: Richmond.
Campbell, R., Holley, G., Metcalf, R. (2009c). English In motion 3. Oxford: Richmond.
Cunningham, S., & Bowler, B. (1999). The New Headway Pronunciation Course. Oxford University Press.
Downie, M., Gray, D., & Jimnez, J.M. (2011). Target B1 ,Students book, Workbook, &Teachers book. Oxford, Ox:
Richmond.
Websites
214
http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/word-games/animals-matching-game
http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/word-games/food
http://www.musicalenglishlessons.org/popsongs/index.htm
http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com
http://www.onestopenglish.com
http://esl.about.com/library/lessons/blwrite_informalletter.htm
http://www.englishclub.com
http://teens-hobbies.blogspot.com/
Bibliography
Irregular Verbs
Infinitive
be
beat
become
begin
bite
break
bring
build
buy
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
do
draw
dream
drink
drive
eat
fall
feed
feel
fight
find
fly
forget
freeze
get
give
go
grow
have
hear
hide
hit
hold
keep
know
Past simple
was/were
beat
became
began
bit
broke
brought
built
bought
caught
chose
came
cost
cut
did
drew
dreamt/dreamed
drank
drove
ate
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
flew
forgot
froze
got
gave
went
grew
had
heard
hid
hit
held
kept
knew
Past participle
Infinitive
been
beaten
become
begun
bitten
broken
brought
built
bought
caught
chosen
come
cost
cut
done
drawn
dreamt/dreamed
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
flown
forgotten
frozen
got
given
gone
grown
had
heard
hidden
hit
held
kept
known
lay
learn
leave
let
lose
make
mean
meet
pay
put
read
ride
ring
run
say
see
sell
send
shoot
show
shut
sing
sink
sit
sleep
smell
speak
spend
stand
steal
swim
take
teach
tell
think
understand
wear
win
write
Past simple
laid
learnt/learned
left
let
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
read
rode
rang
ran
said
saw
sold
sent
shot
showed
shut
sang
sank
sat
slept
smelt/smelled
spoke
spent
stood
stole
swam
took
taught
told
thought
understood
wore
won
wrote
Past participle
laid
learnt/learned
left
let
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
read
ridden
rung
run
said
seen
sold
sent
shot
shown
shut
sung
sunk
sat
slept
smelt/smelled
spoken
spent
stood
stolen
swum
taken
taught
told
thought
understood
worn
won
written
Bibliography
215