INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA SIMÓN ARAUJO CUADERNO INTEGRADO DE TRABAJO

Identificación de la Guía No 1 de asignatura

Guía No 1 – Periodo 3
Grado: Once
Área / Asignatura: Humanidades-Inglés
Objeto de aprendizaje: Medio ambiente
Objetivo de aprendizaje: 1. Identificar las ideas generales y secundarias
de un texto.
Datos de contacto de los docentes

Nombre del docente: Carlos Rodríguez López

E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 3045306730
Nombre del docente: Jorge Alberto Segovia
E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 3013636529
Nombre del docente: Aminta Santamaría
E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 3008087533

Motivación / Exploración

Apreciado estudiante, bienvenido a esta nueva guía en la cual encontrarás una serie de
actividades orientadas a desarrollar y fortalecer tus competencias interpretativas, propositivas y
argumentativas en un tema de la gramática inglesa muy específico denominado “Passive voice
with modals.” Durante el transcurso de esta guía encontrarás una serie de actividades que
debes desarrollar de una manera responsable tomando como base tus conocimientos previos y
una serie de recursos procedentes de Internet previamente seleccionados y presentados aquí.

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Conceptualización: Desarrollo de contenidos y ejemplos

PASSIVE VOICE WITH MODALS Questions cannot be asked during the

conference.
El objetivo de esta lección es que aprendas
a reconocer la voz pasiva en inglés cuando (No se pueden hacer preguntas durante la
va acompañada de verbos modales (can, conferencia.)
may, must, etc) y que tengas un manejo
adecuado de su estructura. - Interrogativa:

Could this old bicycle be fixed?

Modal Be Past
(¿Podría esta vieja bicicleta ser reparada?)
verb Participle
Pancakes can be made on a stove. Ahora bien, te preguntarás: ¿Para qué me
Bikes may be ridden here. sirve usar verbos modales con la voz
Rules must be respected. pasiva?

La respuesta es muy simple: Los verbos

Veamos algunos ejemplos. modales sirven para modificar la intención
de la oración.
The file cannot be saved.
No es lo mismo decir:
(El archivo no puede ser guardado)
1) Phones can be used in class.
Respect must be earned.
(Los teléfonos pueden ser usados en
(El respeto debe ser ganado) clase).
GRAMMATICAL FORM
A decir…
Si observas bien los dos ejemplos 2) Phones must be used in class.
anteriores, te darás cuenta que no es nada
del otro mundo; de hecho, lo único que (Los teléfonos deben ser usados en clase).
cambia es que agregamos el verbo modal
entre el sujeto y el verbo to be. El ejemplo 1 te da a entender que tienes
permiso de usar tu teléfono si quieres,
Este tiempo gramatical tiene tres mientras el ejemplo 2 te indica que es
estructuras básicas: obligatorio usar tu teléfono en clase.

_ Afirmativa Ahora veamos los usos de estos modales.

A car may be stolen. CAN

(Un carro puede ser robado.) "Can" expresa capacidad, posibilidad y

permiso en el presente.
- Negativa:
This recipe can be made with margarine.

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(Esta receta puede ser hecha con (El uso de Facebook no puede ser
margarina.) detenido.)

These books can be read by the children. The sacks of flour can be distributed around
the poor hamlets.
(Estos libros pueden ser leídos por los
niños.) (Los sacos de harina pueden ser
distribuidos por las aldeas pobres.)
MIGHT y COULD
SHOULD
“Might” y “Could” sirven para expresar
posibilidad en el presente y en el futuro. “Should” sirve para dar consejos.

Flying cars might be invented soon. Sulfuric acid shouldn’t be drunk.

(Los carros voladores podrían ser (El ácido sulfúrico no debería ser bebido.)
inventados pronto.)
The work should be done on time.
An exam may be given by our English
teacher today. (El trabajo debería ser hecho a tiempo.)

(El profesor de inglés puede hacernos un R-rated movies should be banned.

examen hoy.) (Las películas de clasificación R deberían
This letter could be delivered today. ser prohibidas).

(Esta carta podría ser entregada hoy.) People who litter should be fined.

COULDN´T y CAN´T (Las personas que tiran basura deberían

ser multadas).
“Couldn´t” y “can´t” expresan imposibilidad
en el presente y pasado. Smoking shouldn't be allowed on the street

Twitter couldn’t be used before. (No se debería fumar en las calles).

(Twitter no podía ser usado antes.) HAVE TO y MUST

Healthy eating could be encouraged in “Have to” y “must” expresan necesidad,

schools. falta de necesidad, necesidad fuerte, y
prohibición.
(La alimentación saludable podría
fomentarse en las escuelas). Animals have to be treated with respect.

The lost jewels couldn't be found. (Los animales tienen que ser tratados con
respeto.)
(Las joyas perdidas no pudieron ser
localizadas.) Our passport has to be renewed.

Facebook use can´t be stopped. (Nuestro pasaporte tiene que ser

renovado.)

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Your shoes have to be repaired. She must be transferred to another hospital.

(Tus zapatos tienen que ser reparados.) (Ella debe ser trasladada a otro hospital.)

Lidia had to be taken care of by the hotel Cellphones mustn’t be used in the
director. classroom.

(Lidia tuvo que ser atendida por el director (Los celulares no deben ser usados en el
del hotel.) salón de clases.)

Employees must be paid on the last day of The bill must be paid by Tom.
the month.
(La cuenta debe ser pagada por Tom.)
(Los empleados deben ser pagados el
último día del mes.)

THE THREE Rs OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A continuación te invito a leer muy cuidadosamente un texto titulado “The three Rs of the
Environment”, pero antes vas a resolver esta sopa de letras donde encontrarás vocabulario
clave que te será útil para comprender la lectura. Una vez encuentres las palabras, pásalas al
cuaderno y escribe sus respectivos significados.

Puzzle

B A G R L L P Z B U Y C X B E

O B G Z U O N T G P Z L E R R

Y B J O S B P Q L L N O T I E

H E A V Y F B Y L A C T S N H

T N E M N O R I V N E H A G W

W N D M G Y F L S C X E W S Y

O N O W A D A Y S H L S M K R

R M M N N Q H G U O N E A B E

H M N A S S A L G Y T E L Q V

T G L F T Y Z I R I W N I K E

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BAG BRING
CLOTHES

ENOUGH GLASS HEAVY

LANDFILL NOWADAYS
RUBBISH

THROW WASTE WEAK

ITEMS

ENVIRONMENT EVERYWHERE
Reading 1 WEAK

THE THREE Rs OF THE ENVIRONMENT hence it is usually not necessary to print

them out. Generally, the use of electricity
can be greatly reduced by, for example,
turning off lights that are not used.

Reuse

When you go shopping, refuse plastic bags

and bring a bag with you instead. If you’re
not buying a lot, a bag is not necessary to
begin with. Reusable bags should be
heavier and more durable. If you prepare
your lunch at home, put it in a plastic lunch
People everywhere in the world produce a box. I always keep shoe boxes as they are
lot of rubbish but there is not enough space, great to store stuff. Many cities have
and landfills are filling up quickly. If we want collection points for used clothes. If you
to save our planet, then the so-called three have clothes that are still in good shape,
Rs are essential for learning how to deal you can bring them to the collection points
with the waste we produce. The three Rs rather than throwing them away.
are reduce, reuse, and recycle. Here are a
Recycle
number of tips on what you can do to save
the environment. Recycling is a process that makes it
possible to create new products out of old
Reduce
ones. Paper, aluminum, glass and plastic
A good place to start is by buying things that can often be recycled.
don’t have a lot of packaging. Then there
Glass has been used for thousands of years
are items you may not use very often, so
and is relatively easy to recycle. Aluminum
you might as well borrow them from
can be repeatedly recycled quickly and
someone instead of buying them.
easily. Paper is recyclable but it cannot be
Nowadays, newspapers can be read online
recycled forever. The small fibers in paper
so buying the paper edition is not
eventually become very weak so that they
necessary. The same goes for emails and

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can’t be recycled into good paper anymore. B. Read the text again. Are the statements
Also, not every type of paper is recyclable True (T), False (F) or Not Given (N/G)?
as some high-quality paper is too expensive
to recycle. 1. The author suggests borrowing certain
items rather than buying them. ( F )
READING COMPREHENSION
2. According to the author, shoe boxes can
A. Answer this question. be very useful to store things. ( T )

What are the three Rs of the environment? 3. Used clothes can be donated. ( T )

___________________________________ 4. It’s not possible to recycle aluminum over

___________________________________ and over again. ( F )

Aplicación y evaluación del conocimiento

Activity 1
Solve this puzzle. It is based on the reading.

a
r e c y c l e
u p
r f m a
e i i c
c b n n
k
e l e c t r y c i t y e r e u s a b l e
c r e
p l a s t i c s
i
i y n p
c g a
n
g g l a s s p
a i t e m s
b a g r
i s
p a p e r

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ACROSS

recycle
2. The three Rs are reduce, _______ and reuse.
electric
7. The use of _______can be reduced by turning off lights that are not used.
reusable
8. ______bags should be heavier and more durable.
plastic
10. Put your lunch in a _______lunch box.
glass
11. _________is relatively easy to recycle.
items
12. There are _______you may not use very often.
13. When you go shopping, refuse plastic bags and bring a _______with you instead.
paper
14. ______ cannot be recycled forever.

DOWN
aluminum glass and plastic can often be recycled.
1. Paper, _______
packging
3. Buy things that don’t have a lot of________.
recciclyn
4. _______is to create new products out of old ones.
fibers
5. The small ________in paper can’t be recycled into good paper anymore.
news paper
6. _______can be read online.

Activity 2 6. collection used for Many have

clothes points cities
Order the words to make sentences.
many cities points have clothes collection use
___________________________________
1. world a everywhere of in People __________________________________.
the lot rubbish produce
7. plastic be can Paper glass and
2. are may you There often very often recycled aluminum
not use items
you are may there not of ten use item very
___________________________________ often be can recyclend paper , glass and and aluminium.
___________________________________
__________________________________. ___________________________________
.
3. newspapers be Nowadays read
online can 8. been of thousands Glass for has
years used
nowadays can be onlaine read newspaper
___________________________________
___________________________________ thossands of years glass for has been used
___________________________________
. _______________________________.

4. the use of electricity can be greatly 9. but recyclable be cannot Paper it

reduced forever recycled is

the use greatly of electrecity can be reduce

___________________________________ forever cannot be recycled paper but it reciclable
___________________________________
__________________________________. _______________________________.

5. bags be and Reusable heavier 10. be quickly can Aluminum and

more should durable repeatedly easily recycled

bag more durable be should heavier and reusable

___________________________________ quickli can be easily recycl aluminum and repeatedly
___________________________________
___________________________________ _______________________________.
.
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Activity 3

Complete the sentences with information from the text.

landfills
1. _______________are almost to full capacity.
bag
2. If possible, try to buy items with little or no _______________.
empty
3. Bring your own bag but make sure it is_______________and _______________.

newspaper
4. It’s a waste of paper if you print your_______________.

Activity 4

Fill in the blanks with the passive voice of the verb in parentheses.

Example:

Meat __________in a refrigerator or it will spoil. (must/ keep)

Meat must be kept in a refrigerator or it will spoil.

The window_______. (couldn’t /open)

The window couldn’t be opened.

mustre obey
1. Traffic regulations ________________ by drivers as well as pedestrians. (must/obey)
might be stop
2. A driver __________________________by the police. (might/stop)
covid be ask
3. A driver __________________________ to get out of the car. (could/ask)
might be take
4. A driver ______________________ to the police station. (might/take)
may be give
5. Drunk drivers ______________________ a sobriety test. (may/give)
must be imform
6.Drivers _______________________ of their rights. (must/inform)
must be report
7. A traffic accident ____________________ to the police. (must/report)
should be obey
8. Safety rules__________________ by the passengers. (should/obey)
munst be serve
9. Breakfast_____________________early every day. (must/serve)
might be give
10. Several awards___________________ given this year. (might/give)
must be do
11. The exercises _______________today. (must/do)

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should be clean
12. The floor_________________in the morning. (should/clean
couldnt be write
13. The letter__________________in English. (couldn’t/write)
must be respect
14. Parents_______________________by their children. (must/respect)
can be read
15. The book ___________________in several languages. (can/ read)
may be forget
16. The rules____________________ quickly. (may/forget)
must be win
17. The competition_________________by Jimmy. (must/win)

might be cancel
18. The game ___________________because of the rain. (might/cancel)

Reading 2

Polution and the environment

Pollution is the degradation of natural environment by external substances introduced directly or

indirectly. Human health, ecosystem quality and aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity may be
affected and altered permanently by pollution.

Pollution occurs when ecosystems cannot get rid of substances introduced into the
environment. The critical threshold of its ability to naturally eliminate substances is
compromised and the balance of the ecosystem is broken.

The sources of pollution are numerous. The identification of these different pollutants and their
effects on ecosystems is complex. They can come from natural disasters or the result of human
activity, such as oil spills, chemical spills, nuclear accidents ... These can have terrible
consequences on people and the planet where they live: destruction of the biodiversity,
increased mortality of the human and animal species, destruction of natural habitat, damage
caused to the quality of soil, water and air...

Preventing pollution and protecting the environment necessitate the application of the principles
of sustainable development. We have to consider satisfying the needs of today without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. This means that we should
remedy existing pollution, but also anticipate and prevent future pollution sources in order to
protect the environment and public health. Any environmental damage must be punishable by
law, and polluters should pay compensation for the damage caused to the environment.

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Activity 5

Select the correct answer.

1. The damage caused by pollution might be irreversible:

A. True
B. False

2. The ecosystem
A. can always cope with pollutants
B. may not always be able to cope with pollution.

3. Pollution
A. is always caused by humans.
B. may sometimes be caused by natural disasters.

C. can never be caused by man.

4. An ideal solution to prevent pollution would be to

A. refrain the development of some countries.

B. continue developmental projects.

C. consider the future generations need to live in a healthy environment.

AUTOEVALUACIÓN

Marca con un “X” en el nivel de la escala que consideres representa TU DESEMPEÑO.

INDICADORES 1. Muy de Acuerdo 2. De acuerdo 3. En desacuerdo, 4. Muy en Desacuerdo.

INDICADORES
CRITERIO
1 2 3 4
Desarrollo con responsabilidad e interés la guía.
1 2 3 4
Me concentro en las actividades que realizo.
Cumplo con todas las actividades presentadas 1 2 3 4
en la guía.
Manifiesto agrado por las actividades sugeridas 1 2 3 4
en la guía.
Me comunico con el profesor cuando encuentro 1 2 3 4
alguna dificultad.

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