Apuntes Gramática 3º ESOeafse
Apuntes Gramática 3º ESOeafse
Apuntes Gramática 3º ESOeafse
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
1. Forma
2. Postitivo y negativo
I ´m (am) working
He ´s (is)
She isn´t working
It
We ´re (are)
You aren´t working
They
3. Pregunta
What am i wearing?
He
What is She wearing?
it
We
What are You wearing?
they
1
4. Respuesta corta
Yes, I am
No, I´m not
Yes, he is
No, he isn´t
Nota:
No se usan contracciones en las respuestas cortas
5. Uso
PRESENT SIMPLE
1. Forma
2. Positivo y negativo
I
We
You live near here
They
He
She lives near hear
It
3. Pregunta
I
We
Where do You live?
They
He
Where does She lives ?
It
2
4. Uso
HAVE/HAVE GOT
1. Positivo
I
We Have
You ´ve got two sisters
They
He Has
She ´s got two sisters
It
2. Negativo
I
We Don´t have any money
You Haven´t got
They
He
She Doesn´t have any money
It Hasn´t got
3. Pregunta
I
Do We have a car?
You
They
He
Does She have a car?
It
I
Have We got a car?
You
They
He
Has She got a car?
It
3
4. Respuesta corta
Nota
Se pueden usar contracciones con have got, pero con have no.
5. Uso
Nota
En el Past Simple no se usa have got.
PAST SIMPLE
1. Forma
Las formas del Past Simple son las mismas para todas las personas.
Los verbos regulares se forman añadiendo ed al verbo en presente.
2. Positivo
I
He/ She / It
You finished yesterday
We
They
3. Negativo
I
She Didn´t arrive yesterday
You (did not)
Etc.
4
4. Pregunta
Se pone did al principio de la pregunta, y el verbo se deja en presente.
She
You
When did They arrive?
He
Etc.
5. Respuesta corta
Yes, I did
No, I didn´t
6. Uso
Nota
Last year, last month, yesterday, tomorrow, in 1945, five years ago...
PAST CONTINUOUS
1. Forma
2. Positivo y negativo
I
He Was working
She Wasn´t (was not)
It
We
You Were working
They Weren´t (were not)
3. Pregunta
I
What was He doing?
She
It
We
What were You doing?
They
5
4. Respuesta corta
5. Uso
6. Interrupted action
Nota
THE PASSIVE
1. Forma
2. Presente
Positivo y negativo
Pregunta
3. Pasado
Positivo y negativo
6
He wasn´t injuried in the accident (positivo)
Pregunta
3. Present Perfect
Positivo y negativo
Pregunta
Respuestas cortas
Nota
The Passive con infinitivo (to be + verbo + ed), se utiliza después de un verbo
modal.
4. Uso
GUSTOS
Positivo Negativo
Adore Loathe
Love Hate
Really like Really dislike
Quite like Dislike
Like Don´t like
CONDITIONALS
Type 1: Possible
7
Type 2: Unlikely/Unreal
Type 3: Impossible
1. Forma:
2. Positivo y negativo:
I
We ´ve (have)
You haven´t worked in a factory
They
He
She ´s (has) worked in a factory
It hasn´t
3. Pregunta
I
Have We been to United States?
You
They
He
Has She been to United States?
It
4. Respuesta corta
8
5. Uso
GOING TO
1. Forma
2. Positivo y negativo
3. Pregunta
9
4. Respuesta corta
5. Uso
WHAT........LIKE?
1. Forma
2. Positivo
3. Uso
4. Nota
WILL
1. Forma
2. Positivo y negativo
I
She ´ll (will)
You won´t arrive next week
They
Etc.
10
3. Pregunta
He
You
When will They arrive?
I
Etc.
5. Respuesta corta
6. Uso
PAST PERFECT
1. Forma
2. Positivo y negativo
I
He
She ´d (had)
It hadn´t arrived before 10:00
We
You
They
3. Pregunta
I
He
She
Had It left?
We
You
They
4. Respuesta corta
11
5. Uso
Se usa para expresar una acción en el pasado, que pasó antes de otra
acción en el pasado.
HAVE TO
1. Forma
Has/have + to + participio
2. Positivo y negativo
I
We Have
You Don´t have to work hard
They
He
She Has to work hard
It Doesn´t have
3. Pregunta
I
Do We
You Have to work hard?
They
He
Does She Have to work hard?
It
4. Respuesta corta
5. Uso
MODAL VERBS
1. Formas
Can/could
May/might
Shall/should
Will/would
Must/mustn´t
12
Needn´t
2. Usos
Necesidad: Must
Prohibición: Mustn´t
No necesario: needn´t
Consejo: Should, shouldn´t
Permiso: Can, could, may
Capacidad: Can, could
Solicitar: Could, will, would
Respuesta: Would, Shall
3. Características
Mismas formas en todas las personas
No se usa el to (excepto para ought to)
Para el negativo se añade not o n´t, nunca don´t o doesn´t
A may y might no se añade n´t, sino not
Para preguntas verbo antes del sujeto
Will not=won´t
Past can=Could
SHOULD
1. Forma
2. Positivo y negativo
I
He
We should do more exercises
They shouldn´t tell lies
Etc.
3. Pregunta
I
Should She see a doctor
They
I
Do you think He should see a doctor?
We
13
They
4. Respuesta corta
5. Uso
Para expresar lo que el que habla piensa está bien o es la mejor cosa
para hacer.
Expresa ligera obligación o consejo.
Shouldn´t expresa un consejo negativo.
MIGHT
1. Forma
2. Positivo y negativo
I
He
It Might go to the party
We Might not
Etc.
3. Pregunta
4. Respuesta corta
He might/ It might
5. Uso
14
COMPARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS
1. Forma
Comparativo: +er (2 sílabas o 1), más se pone more delante del adj.
Superlativo: + est (2 sílabas o 1), más se pone most delante del adj.
2. Uso
EXPRESIONES DE CANTIDAD
1. Formas
Some/any
A few/ A little
A lot of / Lots of
Much / Many
2. Uso
1. And
Expresa adición (y)
2. But
Para contrastar entre medio de dos ideas (pero)
15
3. Because
Introduce una razón por la primera parte de la frase (porque)
A Y THE
1. A:
Se utiliza en singular en adjetivos contables referentes a una idea.
2. The
1. Like doing
Expresa diversión
2. Would like to do
1. Forma
2. Positivo y negativo
I
We ´ve (have)
You haven´t been working?
They
He ´s (has) been working?
She hasn´t
It
3. Pregunta
I
How long have We been working?
You
They
He
How long has She been working?
It
16
4. Respuesta corta
5. Uso
USED TO
1. Forma
Used+ to + infinitive
I
She Used to smoke
They Didn´t use to like cooking
Etc.
3. Pregunta
4. Respuesta corta
5. Uso
6. Nota
17
VERBOS IRREGULARES
19