Lectura 3 - Módulo 1
Lectura 3 - Módulo 1
Lectura 3 - Módulo 1
Al conocer las características determinantes de cada secuencia textual, tales como sus
estructuras y elementos lingüísticos, es posible distinguirlas mediante el proceso de lecto-
compresión. Así, habiendo abordado ya los textos narrativos y descriptivos, en la presente
lectura, se darán a conocer en profundidad los rasgos distintivos de los textos explicativos,
argumentativos e instructivos.
2. Tipologías textuales
Previo a comenzar con el análisis de las tipologías textuales de esta lectura, resulta
necesario recuperar algunos conceptos e ideas claves ya mencionados:
Aunque existen ejemplos de textos puros, es decir que pueden ser considerados
puramente narrativos, descriptivos, instructivos, etc., las diversas tipologías textuales
suelen aparecen integradas a otras en un mismo texto.
Generalmente, es posible distinguir estructuras y elementos morfo-sintácticos
característicos en cada tipo textual.
Cada tipología textual tiene un objetivo principal:
- Expositiva: informar, entender ideas y conceptos.
- Argumentativa: persuadir, exponer, defender y rechazar opiniones.
- Instructiva: ofrecer indicaciones para llevar a cabo una acción o varias acciones.
0
3. Texto expositivo
Se llama texto expositivo a todo texto cuya función principal sea transmitir
información, difundir conocimientos, ideas y conceptos sobre un tema en particular. Se
caracteriza, por lo tanto, por la presencia de datos objetivos junto a sus correspondientes
explicaciones y evidencias.
3.1. Estructura
Al analizar la estructura característica de los textos explicativos es posible establecer
que constan de el desarrollo de un concepto central acompañado de información
complementaría. Dicha información se organiza en base a la siguiente estructura:
Introducción: Consiste en la presentación del tema central a tratar, contemplando sus
antecedentes y su contexto.
Desarrollo: Consiste en desarrollar y ampliar la información sobre el tema ya
presentado. Se desarrollan, además, los conceptos que resultan indispensables para la
comprensión del tema central.
Conclusión: Consiste en finalizar la exposición del tema retomando y resaltando los
principales aspectos tratados.
1
Descripción detallada
Comparación de conceptos
Ejemplos
Definiciones
4. Texto argumentativo
Tesis: Es la idea principal del texto e incluye la opinión que el autor defiende.
Argumentos: Son las razones que se dan para apoyar y defender esa opinión. Dichos
razonamientos prueban o refutan la idea central o tesis y se pueden identificar
preguntando “por qué” a la idea central o tesis que se respalda.
4.1. Estructura
La estructura prototípica del texto argumentativo se compone de cuatro partes las
cuales deben estar claramente diferenciadas en párrafos:
2
Introducción: Es la breve exposición de los hechos relacionados al tema central y que
contribuyen a situar al lector en el contexto. La introducción puede incluir un
recorrido histórico y/o referencias a investigaciones previas sobre el tema a tratar. Su
objetivo principal es atrapar la atención del receptor.
Exposición de la tesis: Consiste en la presentación de la idea central y los principales
argumentos de los que se valdrá el autor para defender su postura y que serán
desarrollados luego.
Cuerpo de la argumentación: Es el desarrollo de los argumentos, ideas y pruebas que
sustentan la posición del autor. Se distinguen datos y estadísticas, anécdotas y/o
experiencias personales relevantes, citas de autoridad, comparaciones, y apelaciones
sentimentales, entre otras.
Fuente: Fernández Martin, M. (Febrero 27, 2021) Estructura. Recuperado de: https://porfolio-digital-
4eso.weebly.com/clasificacion-textos.html
5. Texto Instructivo
El texto instructivo es aquel en el que el autor dirige, recomienda u ordena una serie
de acciones o procedimientos al receptor mediante un lenguaje preciso y concreto. Tiene
como objetivo principal instruir al lector dirigiendo, enseñando, ordenando o aconsejando
realizar determinadas acciones para completar una tarea, y, a su vez, capacitar al lector
incrementando sus capacidades para el desarrollo de tareas similares en el futuro.
Son textos muy variados y frecuentes en la vida cotidiana de las personas, pero
también en el ámbito científico y tecnológico. Por lo tanto, las secuencias instructivas suelen
combinarse con la exposición (cuando se explica el objetivo del texto) y con la descripción
(cuando se describen los elementos que se van a enseñar a manejar).
4
5.1 Estructura
6. Actividades de repaso:
6.1. Luego de haber leído las características de las tipologías textuales expositiva,
argumentativa e instructiva, lea los siguientes textos:
5
TEXTO 1
Fuente: Tp-link (2020) Quick Installation Guide. Wireless USB Adapter. EU: TP-Link
6
TEXTO 2
Who We Are
For almost 20 years, the GCFLearnFree.org program has helped millions
around the world learn the essential skills they need to live and work in the
21st century. From Microsoft Office and email, to reading, math, and more—
GCFLearnFree.org offers more than 200 topics, including more than 2,000
lessons, more than 1,000 videos, and more than 50 interactives and games,
completely free.
7
Learn anywhere, anytime.
Our content is available 24 hours a day and serves people from around the
world. Join the more than 100 million people from all walks of life who have
come to GCFLearnFree.org to learn the essential skills they need to live and
work in the 21st century. All you need is an Internet connection.
Online education isn’t new. We’ve been here for almost 20 years, and today
we offer more tutorials than ever. When you access our self-paced courses,
you know they’re up to date—and that they will be available later when you
need to review.
8
TEXTO 3
Several varying types of antennas exist for WiFi, each with a specific purpose for
how and when they should be used. Different types of antennas can be found
anywhere from small office settings to outdoor camping grounds. While there are
many types of antennas, all of them have the same purpose: producing radio waves
to send information through the air. The three main antenna types are
omnidirectional, semi-directional, and highly directional.
Omnidirectional
When you enter a home or office setting, you don't generally think about the type of
antenna that is being used. This is because they are small - or not visible at all - and
oftentimes built into the network’s router or access point. In these types of
environments, omnidirectional antennas, specifically Dipole antennas, are commonly
found. Similar to how a floor lamp radiates light, omnidirectional antennas radiate
radio frequency (RF) in all directions. Another way to think about the coverage is to
imagine putting a bagel on your finger as if it were a ring. Your finger is the antenna
and the bagel is the coverage it provides. A perfect omnidirectional antenna would
radiate RF signal like a theoretical isotropic radiator, meaning the signal is radiating
equally in all directions.
9
This type of coverage is great for point-to-multipoint environments because it can be
placed in the center of multiple client devices, providing central communications
capabilities to all the surrounding clients. These antennas are great in office and
home settings since their broad coverage allows clients to move around without
losing signal. While not typically used for outdoor purposes, omnidirectional
antennas can be used on top of a building to communicate with buildings on either
side.
Semi-directional
The main types of semi-directional antennas are Patch/Panel and Yagi. Patch/Panel
antennas are generally found indoors and used to radiate into the forward space. A
building with long hallways or shelves, such as retail stores, warehouses, libraries, or
hospitals, that would block an omnidirectional antenna’s signal would benefit from a
semi-directional antenna. A Patch/Panel antenna is placed high on the wall, aiming
down an aisle or between rows of shelving. Since the antenna has a horizontal beam
width of 180 degrees or less, there is plenty of necessary coverage with minimal
bleed through. Yagi antennas span longer distances and are generally used in an
10
outside environment. The main purpose of these antennas is to reach places that an
omnidirectional antenna would not be able to reach.
Highly Directional
Highly directional antennas are used for long distant point-to-point communication.
They are used to bridge networks between two buildings that are far apart. Because
these antennas are high gain, they provide the most focused and narrow beam
width. Instead of a street light shining down, it is more of a spotlight shining in a
specific direction. The two main highly directional antennas are Parabolic (Dish) and
Grid. Dish antennas look similar to the TV dish antennas that you would find in a
home but are often much larger in size. Grid antennas can also vary in size, but they
look like a grill and are designed for outdoor environments with higher winds.
A third type of highly directional antenna is the Sector antenna. Sector antennas
consist of a few highly directional antennas, placed back-to-back, that are working
together to provide omnidirectional coverage. Each antenna that is part of the array
provides a pie shaped coverage pattern. Sector antennas can be mounted high over
the terrain and tilted slightly downward, with the tilt of each antenna at an appropriate
angle for the terrain it is covering. While omnidirectional antennas can also be
mounted high over the terrain, if it is tilted downward, the other side’s signal will be
wasted up in the air. Therefore, the sector antennas are able to cover much larger
areas because they can be directed in any direction the coverage is needed.
Compared to omnidirectional antennas, sector antennas have greater throughput
11
since there is more than one antenna in use. These antennas are generally used for
cell phone coverage and at sports venues.
All antennas have their strengths and weaknesses. The omnidirectional antenna is
great for general coverage and is more cost effective because of the general
coverage it provides in a central location. The directional antennas are best for
getting signal to a specific area, be it near or far. Having a basic understanding of
different WiFi antenna types can be extremely beneficial when designing and
building a wireless network.
Access Agility Blog. (2018). WiFi Antenna Types. Vienna, EU.: Access Agility. Recuperado de http://
https://www.accessagility.com/blog/wifi-antenna-types
6.2 Luego de haber leído los textos, lea las siguientes oraciones y marque con una X la
opción correcta.
1. TEXTO 1 es un texto…
a) Explicativo
b) Argumentativo
c) Instructivo
2. TEXTO 2 es un texto…
a) Explicativo
b) Argumentativo
c) Instructivo
12
3. TEXTO 3 es un texto…
a) Explicativo
b) Argumentativo
c) Instructivo
Respuestas correctas:
13