The Effect of The La Nina Phenomenon On Monthly Rainfall Anomalies in South Sulawesi
The Effect of The La Nina Phenomenon On Monthly Rainfall Anomalies in South Sulawesi
The Effect of The La Nina Phenomenon On Monthly Rainfall Anomalies in South Sulawesi
ABSTRAK
Curah hujan di wilayah Indonesia sangat sulit diprediksi, karena sifatnya yang dinamis,
kondisi fisis yang terlibat baik secara lokal hingga global sangat kompleks. Salah satu
fenomena yang berkaitan erat dengan variabilitas curah hujan dan hari hujan yaitu
fenomena El Nino Southern Oscilation (ENSO) yang terbagi 2 fase yaitu El Nino dan La
Nina. Pada saat kondisi La Nina, suhu muka laut di Pasifik Ekuator Timur lebih rendah dari
pada kondisi normalnya. Sedangkan suhu muka laut di wilayah Indonesia menjadi lebih
hangat, Sehingga fenomena La Nina sering mengakibatkan curah hujan jauh di atas
normal. Penelitian ini menggunakan data curah hujan bulanan di 50 stasiun di provinsi
Sulawesi Selatan selama periode 1991 – 2020 dan data Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) untuk
melihat anomali curah hujan bulanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Pengaruh kejadian La
Nina terhadap anomali curah hujan bulanan di Sulawesi Selatan sangat signifikan ketika
memasuki periode musim kemarau atau pada saat fase kering hingga masuk awal musim
penghujan atau fase basah di wilayah Sulawesi Selatan yaitu pada bulan Juni – November
dengan nilai persentase secara umum sebesar 20 s.d > 70 %.
Kata kunci : Curah Hujan, La Nina, Anomali.
ABSTRACT
Rainfall in Indonesia is very difficult to predict, because of its dynamic nature, the physical
conditions involved both locally and globally are very complex. One of the phenomena that
is closely related to the variability of rainfall and rainy days is the El Nino Southern
Oscilation (ENSO) phenomenon which is divided into 2 phases, namely El Nino and La
Nina. During La Nina conditions, sea surface temperatures in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific
are lower than normal conditions. Meanwhile, the sea surface temperature in Indonesia is
getting warmer, so the La Nina phenomenon often results in rainfall far above normal. This
study uses monthly rainfall data at 50 stations in South Sulawesi province during the period
1991 – 2020 and Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) data to see monthly rainfall anomalies. The
results show that the effect of La Nina events on monthly rainfall anomalies in South
Sulawesi is very significant when entering the dry season period or during the dry phase
until the beginning of the rainy season or wet phase in the South Sulawesi region, namely
in June - November with a general percentage value. by 20 to > 70%.
Keyword : Rainfall, La Nina, Anomalies.