Zbornik radova sa Znanstvenog skupa Dani Stjepana Gunjače 2, Hrvatska srednjovjekovna povijesno-arheološka baština, Međunarodne teme, Split, 18.-21. listopada 2011, Dec 2012
""U podnožju 2132 metara visokog Storžiča, iznad sela Bašelj, podiže se uzvisina Gradišče (873 m)... more ""U podnožju 2132 metara visokog Storžiča, iznad sela Bašelj, podiže se uzvisina Gradišče (873 m). Arheološki lokalitet rasprostire se na stjenovitom vrhu, strmim padinama i terasama. Razvedena površina pokazuje da se pod njom nalaze ostaci naselja. U iskopavanjima 1939. i 1998. godine otkriven je dio kasnoantičkog bedema koji je s tri strane okruživao naselje. Pored uskog ulaza, otkrivena je kamena kuća, prislonjena na bedem. Ostaci pokazuju da je položaj bio naseljen već u kasnoantičkom i ranosrednjovjekovnom razdoblju. Paljevinski sloj koji prekriva kasnoantičke ostatke sastojao se od brojnih željeznih predmeta i ulomaka keramike iz razdoblja između kraja 8. i početka 10. stoljeća.
Važnost ostataka dokazuje prije svega brojnost i vrijednost nalaza. Narodni muzej Slovenije čuva više od 1700 predmeta, među kojima prevladavaju dijelovi opreme jahača i oružje (ostruge, mačevi, noževi, strelice), oprema konja (stremeni, uzde, razvodnici), oruđe, predmeti iz svakodnevnog života i pojedinačni nakitni predmeti. Dijelovi opreme jahača i konja nisu samo vješto izrađeni i lijepo ukrašeni nego je njihova površina i pokositrena, a kod nekih brončanih predmeta i pozlaćena. Najvjerojatnije su izrađivani za pripadnike višega društvenog sloja.
Ranosrednjovjekovni lokaliteti s tako iznimnim ostacima, kao što je onaj na Gradišču nad Bašljem, rijetki su ne samo na području Slovenije nego i u širem europskom kontekstu. Posebice je rijetko oružje, dijelovi opreme jahača i konja, otkriveni u ranosrednjo-vjekovnim grobovima u Sloveniji, zbog čega naše znanje potječe upravo od lokaliteta kao što je Gradišče nad Bašljem."
"This article presents the archaeological site Gradišče above Bašelj, situated in the foothills of the 2132 m high Storžič mountain, extending on a 50 × 100 metres large area. The uneven surface indicates the remains of a settlement hidden beneath it, where numerous attractively decorated metal objects were discovered, among them military (spurs, weapons) and horse equipment (stirrups, bits, bridle and saddle parts).
The artefacts from Gradišče above Bašelj have not only been skilfully wrought and decorated, but also their surface is tinned which additionally protected and improved their look. The bronze and gilded artefacts worn by members of the highest rank are particularly valuable. Gradišče above Bašelj is surprising for the number of finds as well as the high quality manufactured objects decorated with various techniques and with various motifs. Most of the finds have been dated to between the beginning of the 9th and the first half of the 10th century. The reasons for the decline of the settlement after this period are unknown. Gradišče above Bašelj is mentioned in the 12th century in medieval documents as a hill near Bašelj village where there used to be a castle."
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Papers by Špela Karo
cemetery from the late 5th and early 6th century. It is a small cemetery located at a formerly major road that connected
Aquileia and Emona. Nine burials have thus far been investigated, though the scattered finds of human bones in the
mixed layers and fills of pits suggest the burial ground was originally larger. A particular feature of the cemetery is the
East Germanic elements visible in the costume and the artificially deformed skulls. We argue that these elements indicate
the presence of a Germanic population, with historical sources pointing to the Ostrogoths as the most likely people. The
interpretation of the Miren cemetery relies on a meticulous typo-chronological analysis of the recovered grave goods,
as well as a study of objects from the late 4th and early 5th centuries that originated from the Lower Danube Basin, and
the study of East Germanic elements from the late 5th and the initial decades of the 6th century unearthed at sites in
Slovenia. Finally, the site is compared with similar cemeteries in Italy and Austria.
The collected artefacts from Slovenian sites are studied predominantly from the typological perspective and dated on the basis of comparable sites and artefacts from neighbouring regions, especially from graves in the Carpathian Basin. Their presence in Slovenian sites can be explained by frequent incursions of ancient Hungarians to the West between the end of the 9th and the middle of the 10th century, which crossed also the territory of present-day Slovenia and are reported in historical sources. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that some of these items came to the findspots as a consequence of more peaceful contacts with ancient Hungarians, whose area of settlement was not too far away.
Gradišče above Bašelj, settlement, architectural remains, Late Antique period, Early Medieval period, lidar scanning, geophysical research, excavations
Archaeological finds from the Early Carolingian period at Slovenian sites were found on the Late Antique hilltop settlements, in a lowland settlement as well as in single graves, in riverbeds, and in a hoard find. Small finds made of bronze, some with gilded surface; ribbed ornament, incisions and ornament of Anglo-Carolingian animal style are prevailing. The objects belonged to the cavalryman accoutrements and horse equipment, parts of which are also iron spearheads with or without wings, and an iron stirrup. Exceptional find on the Slovenian territory is a silver coin from the early period of Charlemagne’s reign. Analogies for the objects from the Early Carolingian period from the Slovenian sites can be found on the territory of the Carolingian Realm and in the neighbouring territories under the Frankish dominion.
Važnost ostataka dokazuje prije svega brojnost i vrijednost nalaza. Narodni muzej Slovenije čuva više od 1700 predmeta, među kojima prevladavaju dijelovi opreme jahača i oružje (ostruge, mačevi, noževi, strelice), oprema konja (stremeni, uzde, razvodnici), oruđe, predmeti iz svakodnevnog života i pojedinačni nakitni predmeti. Dijelovi opreme jahača i konja nisu samo vješto izrađeni i lijepo ukrašeni nego je njihova površina i pokositrena, a kod nekih brončanih predmeta i pozlaćena. Najvjerojatnije su izrađivani za pripadnike višega društvenog sloja.
Ranosrednjovjekovni lokaliteti s tako iznimnim ostacima, kao što je onaj na Gradišču nad Bašljem, rijetki su ne samo na području Slovenije nego i u širem europskom kontekstu. Posebice je rijetko oružje, dijelovi opreme jahača i konja, otkriveni u ranosrednjo-vjekovnim grobovima u Sloveniji, zbog čega naše znanje potječe upravo od lokaliteta kao što je Gradišče nad Bašljem."
"This article presents the archaeological site Gradišče above Bašelj, situated in the foothills of the 2132 m high Storžič mountain, extending on a 50 × 100 metres large area. The uneven surface indicates the remains of a settlement hidden beneath it, where numerous attractively decorated metal objects were discovered, among them military (spurs, weapons) and horse equipment (stirrups, bits, bridle and saddle parts).
The artefacts from Gradišče above Bašelj have not only been skilfully wrought and decorated, but also their surface is tinned which additionally protected and improved their look. The bronze and gilded artefacts worn by members of the highest rank are particularly valuable. Gradišče above Bašelj is surprising for the number of finds as well as the high quality manufactured objects decorated with various techniques and with various motifs. Most of the finds have been dated to between the beginning of the 9th and the first half of the 10th century. The reasons for the decline of the settlement after this period are unknown. Gradišče above Bašelj is mentioned in the 12th century in medieval documents as a hill near Bašelj village where there used to be a castle."
Nekaj predmetov so arheologi izkopali v zadnjem času znotraj objektov na območjih nižinskih selišč na zahodnem obrobju Panonske nižine, ki so pripisana zgodnjim Slovanom (Grofovsko pri Murski Soboti, Popava pri Lipovcih, Ptuj). Problematika predmetov avarskega izvora s slovenskih najdišč ostaja odprta, zgodnji primerki so morda indici avarskega prodora proti Italiji, mlajši predmeti, najdeni v višinskih vojaških postojankah, so opredeljeni kot plen iz frankovsko-avarskih vojn na prelomu iz 8. v 9. stoletje, tisti v nižinskih seliščih pa bi lahko bili sled avarsko-slovanskih odnosov na panonskem obrobju.
Items attributed to Avar sources or with an affinity to artefacts from the region of the Avar Khaganate are rare at archaeological sites in Slovenia. For a long time, the only known find of this kind was the strap-end from Dunaj near Jereka, while much later two belt-terminals were found at Hom above Sora. These and certain other related items were displayed at the exhibition »From the Romans to the Slavs«, held in 2000 at the National Museum of Slovenia in Ljubljana; for the most part they had been acquired by amateurs, and their finders eventually handed them over to the Museum. The first professionally acquired artefact of Avar origin was found during archaeological excavations of early medieval Koper, followed by a few more finds excavated in the dwelling remains of Slav hamlets in the Prekmurje region and in Ptuj. In this article, 16 Avar items from 12 sites are presented. Most of those are metal fittings from belts worn by men, while one mount probably belonged to a quiver, and three objects were component parts of horse equipment, and one was part of a weapon.
Books by Špela Karo
V knjigi so predstavljeni rezultati sistematičnih arheoloških raziskav, ki so potekale v letih 2010, 2011 in 2013 na najdišču Ljubljana – Parkirno garažna hiša Kozolec med današnjima Kersnikovo in Slovensko cesto. Raziskanih in objavljenih je 61 grobov. Grobovi so bili natančno ročno izkopani, natančno so bili dokumentirani tudi ostanki pokojnikov in najdbe v grobovih.
Avtorji so se pri zasnovi ozirali na dva imperativa sodobnih akademskih raziskav: to sta interdisciplinarnost in medinstitucionalno sodelovanje. Zato so k sodelovanju pritegnili strokovnjake z različnih področij: biologije, geologije, fizične antropologije in arheologije. To prihajajo iz različnih ustanov, od muzejskih, spomeniškovarstvenih prek izobraževalnih in raziskovalnih ter celo iz zasebnega sektorja. Pri pisanju prispevkov je sodelovalo deset avtorjev, saj obravnavane teme presegajo znožnosti in znanje posameznika ali majhne skupine.
cemetery from the late 5th and early 6th century. It is a small cemetery located at a formerly major road that connected
Aquileia and Emona. Nine burials have thus far been investigated, though the scattered finds of human bones in the
mixed layers and fills of pits suggest the burial ground was originally larger. A particular feature of the cemetery is the
East Germanic elements visible in the costume and the artificially deformed skulls. We argue that these elements indicate
the presence of a Germanic population, with historical sources pointing to the Ostrogoths as the most likely people. The
interpretation of the Miren cemetery relies on a meticulous typo-chronological analysis of the recovered grave goods,
as well as a study of objects from the late 4th and early 5th centuries that originated from the Lower Danube Basin, and
the study of East Germanic elements from the late 5th and the initial decades of the 6th century unearthed at sites in
Slovenia. Finally, the site is compared with similar cemeteries in Italy and Austria.
The collected artefacts from Slovenian sites are studied predominantly from the typological perspective and dated on the basis of comparable sites and artefacts from neighbouring regions, especially from graves in the Carpathian Basin. Their presence in Slovenian sites can be explained by frequent incursions of ancient Hungarians to the West between the end of the 9th and the middle of the 10th century, which crossed also the territory of present-day Slovenia and are reported in historical sources. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that some of these items came to the findspots as a consequence of more peaceful contacts with ancient Hungarians, whose area of settlement was not too far away.
Gradišče above Bašelj, settlement, architectural remains, Late Antique period, Early Medieval period, lidar scanning, geophysical research, excavations
Archaeological finds from the Early Carolingian period at Slovenian sites were found on the Late Antique hilltop settlements, in a lowland settlement as well as in single graves, in riverbeds, and in a hoard find. Small finds made of bronze, some with gilded surface; ribbed ornament, incisions and ornament of Anglo-Carolingian animal style are prevailing. The objects belonged to the cavalryman accoutrements and horse equipment, parts of which are also iron spearheads with or without wings, and an iron stirrup. Exceptional find on the Slovenian territory is a silver coin from the early period of Charlemagne’s reign. Analogies for the objects from the Early Carolingian period from the Slovenian sites can be found on the territory of the Carolingian Realm and in the neighbouring territories under the Frankish dominion.
Važnost ostataka dokazuje prije svega brojnost i vrijednost nalaza. Narodni muzej Slovenije čuva više od 1700 predmeta, među kojima prevladavaju dijelovi opreme jahača i oružje (ostruge, mačevi, noževi, strelice), oprema konja (stremeni, uzde, razvodnici), oruđe, predmeti iz svakodnevnog života i pojedinačni nakitni predmeti. Dijelovi opreme jahača i konja nisu samo vješto izrađeni i lijepo ukrašeni nego je njihova površina i pokositrena, a kod nekih brončanih predmeta i pozlaćena. Najvjerojatnije su izrađivani za pripadnike višega društvenog sloja.
Ranosrednjovjekovni lokaliteti s tako iznimnim ostacima, kao što je onaj na Gradišču nad Bašljem, rijetki su ne samo na području Slovenije nego i u širem europskom kontekstu. Posebice je rijetko oružje, dijelovi opreme jahača i konja, otkriveni u ranosrednjo-vjekovnim grobovima u Sloveniji, zbog čega naše znanje potječe upravo od lokaliteta kao što je Gradišče nad Bašljem."
"This article presents the archaeological site Gradišče above Bašelj, situated in the foothills of the 2132 m high Storžič mountain, extending on a 50 × 100 metres large area. The uneven surface indicates the remains of a settlement hidden beneath it, where numerous attractively decorated metal objects were discovered, among them military (spurs, weapons) and horse equipment (stirrups, bits, bridle and saddle parts).
The artefacts from Gradišče above Bašelj have not only been skilfully wrought and decorated, but also their surface is tinned which additionally protected and improved their look. The bronze and gilded artefacts worn by members of the highest rank are particularly valuable. Gradišče above Bašelj is surprising for the number of finds as well as the high quality manufactured objects decorated with various techniques and with various motifs. Most of the finds have been dated to between the beginning of the 9th and the first half of the 10th century. The reasons for the decline of the settlement after this period are unknown. Gradišče above Bašelj is mentioned in the 12th century in medieval documents as a hill near Bašelj village where there used to be a castle."
Nekaj predmetov so arheologi izkopali v zadnjem času znotraj objektov na območjih nižinskih selišč na zahodnem obrobju Panonske nižine, ki so pripisana zgodnjim Slovanom (Grofovsko pri Murski Soboti, Popava pri Lipovcih, Ptuj). Problematika predmetov avarskega izvora s slovenskih najdišč ostaja odprta, zgodnji primerki so morda indici avarskega prodora proti Italiji, mlajši predmeti, najdeni v višinskih vojaških postojankah, so opredeljeni kot plen iz frankovsko-avarskih vojn na prelomu iz 8. v 9. stoletje, tisti v nižinskih seliščih pa bi lahko bili sled avarsko-slovanskih odnosov na panonskem obrobju.
Items attributed to Avar sources or with an affinity to artefacts from the region of the Avar Khaganate are rare at archaeological sites in Slovenia. For a long time, the only known find of this kind was the strap-end from Dunaj near Jereka, while much later two belt-terminals were found at Hom above Sora. These and certain other related items were displayed at the exhibition »From the Romans to the Slavs«, held in 2000 at the National Museum of Slovenia in Ljubljana; for the most part they had been acquired by amateurs, and their finders eventually handed them over to the Museum. The first professionally acquired artefact of Avar origin was found during archaeological excavations of early medieval Koper, followed by a few more finds excavated in the dwelling remains of Slav hamlets in the Prekmurje region and in Ptuj. In this article, 16 Avar items from 12 sites are presented. Most of those are metal fittings from belts worn by men, while one mount probably belonged to a quiver, and three objects were component parts of horse equipment, and one was part of a weapon.
V knjigi so predstavljeni rezultati sistematičnih arheoloških raziskav, ki so potekale v letih 2010, 2011 in 2013 na najdišču Ljubljana – Parkirno garažna hiša Kozolec med današnjima Kersnikovo in Slovensko cesto. Raziskanih in objavljenih je 61 grobov. Grobovi so bili natančno ročno izkopani, natančno so bili dokumentirani tudi ostanki pokojnikov in najdbe v grobovih.
Avtorji so se pri zasnovi ozirali na dva imperativa sodobnih akademskih raziskav: to sta interdisciplinarnost in medinstitucionalno sodelovanje. Zato so k sodelovanju pritegnili strokovnjake z različnih področij: biologije, geologije, fizične antropologije in arheologije. To prihajajo iz različnih ustanov, od muzejskih, spomeniškovarstvenih prek izobraževalnih in raziskovalnih ter celo iz zasebnega sektorja. Pri pisanju prispevkov je sodelovalo deset avtorjev, saj obravnavane teme presegajo znožnosti in znanje posameznika ali majhne skupine.
held in the Gallery of the Spomeniškovarstveni center ZVKDS from 12.1.2012 to 17.3.2012.
Zbornik obsega dvanajst referatov, ki so bili predstavljeni na simpoziju, ter tri dodatne prispevke. Avtorji obravnavajo vprašanja nastanka srednjeveških mest in razvoja urbanega prostora (Horvat, Murko, Horváth) ter mestne topografije (Štukl, Tomšič, Trenz, Predoević Zadković in Karković Takalić) s posebnim poudarkom na mestnih obrambnih napravah (Bizjak, Stokin) in samostanih (Lazar, Veršnik). Zbornik poleg tega vključuje še regionalno arheološko študijo urbanih naselij (Mason), analizo praks pokopavanja v urbanem okolju (Janeš in Azinović Bebek) ter bioarheološko študijo o zdravju in kvaliteti življenja mestnih prebivalcev (Vyroubal, Bedić in Adamić). Dopolnjuje jih uvodni pregled razvoja in aktualnih pristopov v arheologiji srednjeveških mest (Predovnik).
Antropološka analiza skeletov je pokazala...
In the new volume of the Monographs of the Centre for Preventive Archaeology, we present the minimum standards for the implementation of the research methods, which have been incorporated into daily work process on the field of preventive archaeology in our Institute.
V novem zvezku Monografij Centra za preventivno arheologijo predstavljamo minimalne standarde izvedbe raziskovalnih metod, ki so na področje preventivne arheologije pri nas vključene v vskodnevni procesa dela.