Sistemul Nervos Central Curs
Sistemul Nervos Central Curs
Sistemul Nervos Central Curs
b)
2. HIPNOTICE SI SEDATIVE
Hipnoticele sau somniferele sunt deprimante neselective ale SNC, care, la doze
terapeutice hipnotice, foreaz sau favorizeaz instalarea unui somn asemntor cu cel
fiziologic.
Sedativele sunt deprimante neselctive ale SNC, care, la doze terapeutice sedative,
produc o stare de linite , prin diminuarea hiperexcitabilitii senzitive i psihomotorii .
Efectele hipnotic, sedativ i tranchilizant se manifest la diferitele medicamente n
funcie de doz.
Hipnoticele sunt:
HIPNOCOERGITIVELE
- forteaza somnul si la indivizii normali care nu sufera de insomnie
- sunt deprimante neselective ale SNC
- efectele deprimante sunt de intensitate gradata , depinzand de doza: sedare somn
hipnotic somn narcotic coma moarte
- la trezire urmeaza o somnolenta reziduala
- produc obisnuinta si tendinta de crestere a dozelor
- supradozarea poate fi folosita in scop de suicid
HIPNOINDUCTOARELE SAU HIPNOGENELE (favorizeaza somnul)
- efectul hipnogen este mai evident in hiposomii
- deprimarea nu depinde de doza
- trezirea este usoara, somnolenta reziduala este de intensitate redusa
- supradozarea NU poate fi folosita in scop de suicid
Sedativele sunt:
- barbiturice hipnotice la doze mici
- bromuri
- sedative vegetale: Valeriana, Passiflora, Crataegus
BARBUTURICE
cu durata de actiune ultra scurta (10-20 min) si latenta ultrascurta (< 1 minut):
tiopental, hexobarbital, tiobutabarbital, metohexital
cu durata de actiune scurta (2-4 ore) si latenta scurta (15 min): ciclobarbital,
pentobarbital, secobarbital
cu durata de actiune medie (5-7 ore) si latenta medie (30 min): amobarbital
cu durata de actiune lunga (8-10 ore) si latenta lunga (1 ora): fenobarbital, barbital
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
FENOBARBITAL
Hipnotic seara cu 45 min inainte de culcare p.o. 1
Sp Fenobarbital cpr 15 mg, 100 mg si fiole 10% - cpr
2ml
Sedativ p.o. 2-3 x 15mg/zi
Antiepileptic p.o. 1-3 x 1 cpr/zi
BENZODIAZEPINE
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
NITRAZEPAM
Sp Nitrazepam cpr 2,5mg, 5mg
MIDAZOLAM
Sp Dormicum cpr 7,5 mg, fiole 5mg/5ml
CINOLAZEPAM
Sp Gerodorm cpr 40 mg
IMIDAZOPIRIDINE
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
ZOLPIDEM
Sp Zolpidem, Stilnox, Sanval cpr 10 mg
CICLOPIROLONE
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
ZOPICLON
Sp Imovane cpr 7,5 mg
3. TRANCHILIZANTE
Tranchilizantele influeneaz predominant unele procese psihice i au urmtoarele
aciuni:
- diminu anxietatea (= aciune anxiolitic)
- reduce starea de tensiune psihic
- calmeaz excitaia psiho-motorie
- tempereaz reaciile emoionale
- echilibreaz comportamentul afectiv
- nu influeneaz vigilena, facultile intelectuale, funciile senzoriale
- poteneaz alte deprimante ale SNC
- aciune miorelaxant, anticonvulsivant, hipnoinductoare, inductoare a anesteziei
generale
PROPANDIOLI DICARBAMATI
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
MEPROBAMAT
Spc Meprobamat cpr 400 mg
BENZODIAZEPINE
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
DIAZEPAM
Sp Diazepam cpr 10 mg, fiole 10mg/2ml
Diazepam Desitin copii sol rectala 5mg/2,5ml
aduli sol rectala 10mg/2,5ml
MEDAZEPAM
Sp Medazepam cpr 10 mg
Ansilan cps 10 mg
Rudotel cpr 10 mg
BROMAZEPAM
Sp Bromazepam cpr 1,5mg si 3 mg
Calmepam cpr 1,5mg si 3 mg
Lexotanil cpr 3 mg
CLORAZEPAT
Sp Tranxene cps 5mg, 10mg
LORAZEPAM
Sp Anxiar cpr 1 mg
ALPRAZOLAM
Sp Alprazolam cpr 0,25mg; 0,50mg; 1mg
Prazolex cpr 0,25mg; 0,50mg; 1mg
Xanax cpr 0,25mg; 0,50mg; 1mg
Neurol R cpr 0,50mg; 1mg; 2mg
MIDAZOLAM
Sp Dormicum cpr 7,5 mg, fiole5mg/5ml
DERIVATI DE AZASPIRODECANDIONA
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
BUSPIRONA
Sp Spitomin cpr 5mg si 10 mg
Posologie
LEVOMEPROMAZINA
Sp Levomepromazin cpr 25 mg
NEUROLEPTICE TIOXANTENE
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
FLUPENTIXOL
Sp Fluanxol depot fiole 20mg/ml
NEUROLEPTICE BUTIROFENONE
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
HALOPERIDOL
Sp Haloperidol sol orala 2mg/ml 10 ml, fiole
Haldol fiole
NEUROLEPTICE BENZAMIDE
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
AMISULPIRID
Sp Solian cpr 200 mg
SULPIRID
Sp Eglonyl cps 50mg, cpr 200mg
TIAPRID
Sp Tiapridal cpr 100 mg
NEUROLEPTICE DIBENZAZEPINE
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
CLOZAPINA
Sp Leponex cpr 100 mg
OLANZAPINA
Sp Zyprexa cpr 5mg, 10mg
RISPERIDONA
Sp Rispen cps 1mg, 2mg, 3mg, 4mg
Rispolept fiole 25mg, 37,5mg, 50mg
Torendo cpr 1mg, 2mg
Rison cpr 1mg, 2mg, 3 mg, 4 mg
p.o. 1 cpr/zi
i.m.
5. ANTIDEPRESIVE
Definiie: Antidepresivele sau timoanalepticele influeneaz pozitiv starea timic (tonusul
afectiv, dispoziia), ameliornd depresia.
AMINE TRICICLICE
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
CLOMIPRAMINA
Sp Anafranil cpr 10mg, 25mg
AMITRIPTILINA
Sp Amitriptilin cpr/cps 25 mg, cps 50 mg
DOXEPINA
Sp Doxepin drj 25mg
AMINE TETRACICLICE
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
MAPROTILINA
Sp Ludiomil cpr 10mg, 25mg
p.o.1-3 x 1 cpr/zi
MIANSERINA
Sp Mianserina cpr 10 mg, 30mg
MIRTAZAPINA
Sp Mirzaten cpr 15mg, 30mg, 45mg
Mirtazapine cpr 30mg
Remeroncpr 30mg
Esprital cpr 15mg, 30mg, 45mg
Posologie
BUPROPIONA
Sp Wellbutrin cpr 150mg
CITALOPRAM
Sp Citalopram cpr 10-20-30-40-60 mg
Citaloran cpr 10-20-40 mg
FLUOXETINA
I:
stari
depresive,
tulburari
10
disforice
SERTRALINA
Sp Asentra cpr 50mg, 100mg
Stimuloton cpr 50mg, 100mg
Sertralin cpr 50mg, 100mg
Serlift cpr 50mg, 100mg
Zoloft cpr 50mg
PAROXETINA
Sp Arketis cpr 20mg
Paluxetil cpr 20mg, 40mg
Seroxat cpt 20 mg
FLUVOXAMIN
Sp Fevarin cpr 50mg, 100mg
ESCITALOPRAM
Sp Cipralex cpr 5mg, 10mg
Altele antidepresive
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
TRAZODON
Sp Trittico cpr 75mg, 150mg
TIANEPTIN
Sp Coaxil cpr 12,5 mg
VENLAFAXINA
Sp Efectin cpr 37,5mg, cps ER 75mg, 150mg
Venlafaxin cpr 37,5mg, 75mg
11
Posologie
SUNATOARE
Sp Sunatoare cps 250 mg
Remotiv cpr 250 mg (0.5 mg hipericina)
1-3 cps/zi
Sp Relaxirem (Passiflora+Valeriana)
1-3 cpr/zi
Sp Passiflora cps
1-3 cps/zi
VALERIANA
Sp Valeriana cps
Redormir cpr (+ Conuri de Hamei)
1 cpr/zi
12
7. NEUROTONICE
13
Posologie
PIRACETAM
Sp Piracetam cpr 400mg, 800mg
Nootropil cpr 400mg, 800mg, 1200mg
Lucetam cpr 400mg, 800mg, 1200mg
PIRITINOL
Sp Encephabol cpr 100mg, 200mg, sol
LECITINA
CPS 500 mg, 1200mg, 1500 mg
I: pentru memorie
- meninerea nivelului colesterolului
- protecia ficatului
p.o. copii 1 -2 x 500 mg/zi adulti 1200 2500 mg/zi
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8. ANTICONVULSIVANTE
ANTICONVULSIVANTE (ANTIEPILEPTICE) sunt medicamente care suprim sau
diminu:
- intensitatea convulsiilor produse prin electrooc sau prin excitante SNC
- convulsiile din diferite stri patologice (traumatisme, tumori, edem cerebral,
tetanos)
Ele reduc nr si intensitatea atacurilor convulsive din boala epileptic.
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
FENOBARBITAL
I:- marele rau epileptic p.o. 1-2 x 1cpr/zi
Sp Fenobarbital cpr 15 mg, 100 mg si fi 10% - Sedativ p.o. 2-3 x 15mg/zi
2ml
- starea de rau epileptic i.m. Adulti 200mg
Copii 4-8mg/kg/corp
FENITOINA
Sp Fenitoina 100 mg
CARBAMAZEPINA
Sp Carbamazepin cpr 200mg
Carbavim cpr 200mg
Finlepsin (R) cpr 200mg
Neurotop cpr 200mg, cpr R 300mg, 600mg
Taver cpr 200mg
Tegretol cpr R 200mg, 400 mg
Timonil cpr 150mg, 300mg, 600mg, sirop
pedriatic 100mg/5ml
OXCARBAMAZEPIN
Sp Trileptal cpr 300mg, 600mg
CLONAZEPAM
Sp Rivotril cpr 0,5mg, 2mg
GABAPENTIN
Sp Gabagamma cps 100mg,300mg, 400mg
Gabaran cps 100-300-400
LAMOTRIGIN
Sp Lamictal, Lamolep, Lamotrin, Plexxo
15
ACID VALPROIC
I: marele si micul rau epileptic, crizele mioconice
Sp Convulex cps 150mg, 300mg, 500mg, sirop p.o. la mese 1-3 x 1 cpr/zi
50mg/ml
Depakine cpr 300mg, 500mg, sirop 57,64mg/ml
Orofil cpr, plicuri, sirop
TOPIRAMAT
Sp Topamax, Topran
PREGABALIN
Sp Lyrica cps 75mg, 150mg
16
9. MIORELAXANTE CENTRALE
MIORELAXANTELE CENTRALE sunt medicamente care diminu hipertonia,
contractura i spasmul muchilir striai, acionnd la nivelul SNC. Ele diminu i inhib
convulsiile electrice (faza tonic) i convulsiile stricnice, tetanice.
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
DIAZEPAM
Sp Diazepam cpr 10 mg
TETRAZEPAM
Sp Myolastan 50mg
Relaxam 50mg
CLORZOXAZONA
Sp Clorzoxazona cpr 250mg
TOLPERISONA
Sp Mydocalm cpr 50mg, 150mg,
fiole 100mg/ml
BACLOFEN
Sp Lioresal cpr 10mg, 25mg
I:- miotonii
- hipertonie si spasticitate spinala
- paralizii prin scleroza in placi
- sughit rebel
- coreea Huntington
p.o. 1-3 x 1 cpr/zi
17
10.
ANTIPARKINSONIENE
DCI, Specialitati
Posologie
TRIHEXYPHENIDINA
Sp Romparkin cpr 2mg
BIPERIDEN
Sp Akineton cpr 2mg
LEVODOPA
BENSERAZID
CARBIDOPA
AMANTADINA
Sp Viregyt K cps 100mg
1 2 cps/zi
SELEGILINA
Sp Selegos cpr 5 mg
Jumex cpr 5 mg
1-2 X 1 cpr/zi
ENTACAPON
Sp Comptam cpr 200mg
p.o. 1 cps/zi
ROTIGOTINUM
1 plasture la 24 ore
Sp Neupro plasturi 1mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4
mg, 6mg, 8 mg / 24 ore
PRAMIPEXOL
Sp Mirapexin cpr 0,7 mg = 1 mg
cpr 0,17 mg = 0,2mg
3 x 1 cpr/zi
BROCRIPTIN
Sp Brocriptin cpr 2,5 mg
18
- hiperprolactinemie
CARBERGOLINUM
Sp Dostinex cpr 0,5 mg
PIRIBEDIL
Sp Pronoran cpr 50mg
Combinatii
Stalevo = Levodopa + Carbidopa + Entacapon
Cps 100mg 25mg-200 mg
Cps 150mg 37,5mg-200 mg
Cps 50mg 12,5mg-200 mg
Nakom = Zimox = Carbidopa 25 mg+ Levodopa 250 mg
Madopar = Levodopa + Benserazid
cpr 100 mg + 25 mg,
cpr 200 + 50 mg
11.
Posologie
RIVASTIGMINA
Sp: Exelon cps 1,5mg, 3mg, 4,5mg, 6mg
Plasture 4,6 mg; 9,5 mg
DONEPEZIL
p.o. 1 cpr/zi
Sp: Aricept cpr 5mg, 10mg
Aricept Evess cpr orodispersabile 5mg,
10mg
MEMANTINA
Sp: Ebixa cpr 10 mg
19
PIRACETAM
Sp: Piracetam cpr 400mg, 800mg
Lucetam cpr 400mg, 800mg, 1200mg
Nootropil cpr 400mg, 800mg, 1200mg
GINKGO BILOBA
SELEGILINA
20