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Ayamtim

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Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei ɛwɔ Asante kasa mu

Ayamtim ne sɛ nnipa ayamdeɛ yɛ den na ntumi mpui mma abɔten.[1] Mpempii no yaane no den asan aho. [2] Nsɛnkyerɛnne foforɔ bi nso ne yam yadeɛ, yam bobom, ɛyɛ wosɛ wonyaa wo nan nwieɛ.[3] Nnoɔma a ɛha agye wɔ ayamtuo ho ne hemorrhoids, anal fissure or fecal impaction.[4] Mpɛn dodoɔ a ɛwɔ sɛ mpanimfoɔ gya wɔn nan yɛ mprɛnsa dabiara ɛna mprɛnsa nnwɔtwe biara. Nkwadaa ketewa deɛ yɛ mprɛnsa anaa mprɛ nan dabiara ɛna mmɔtofowa nso mprɛnu de rekɔ mprɛnsa dabiara.[5] Nnoɔma a ɛde ayamtim ba dɔɔso. [6]Nea ɛyɛ na ne agyanan a ɛntumi mma ntɛntɛm, irritable bowel syndrome ne pelvic for disorder. [6]Yareɛ a ɛne no sɛ nehypothyroidism, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, colon cancer, diverticulitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. [6][7]Nnuro a yɛde ma obi a wanya yamtuo neopioids, certain antacids, calcium channel blockers, and anticholinergics. [6]Opioids boa ma obi a ne yam tuo yam tim.[8] Nnipa ani ba ayamtim ho sɛ obi ahoɔden sɛ te a, anaa ɔnyaa anaemia, mmogya ba n'agyanan mu a, yɛwɔ abakɔsɛm a ɛfa kokoram anaa ayamtuo yi ho a ɛwɔ abusua mu anaasɛ ɛwɔ obi a wanyini so. [9]Kwan a wɔfa so sa saa yareɛ no gyina kwan a ɛfaa so baeɛ na nna dodoɔ a adi. [6]Kwan a ɛbɛtumi aboa ne sɛ wonom nsuo pii, di nnuaba a nsuo wɔm, wodi ɛwoɔ[10] na watenetene w'apom kakra. [6]Sɛ anyɛ adwuma a, wɔbɛtumi de laxatives of the bulk forming agent, osmotic agent, stool softener, or lubricant type ama wo. [6]Wɔde stimulant laxatives no ma wo sɛ ebia nnuro a wɔde maa wo no antumi ansa yareɛ noa.[6] Nea yɛtumi de sa ayamtuo nso ne biofeedback anaasɛ yɛde sekan paepae obi mua. [6]Ɔhamu nkyekyɛmu mmienu dekɔ aduasa na ɛtaa nya ayamtim. [11]Mpanimfoɔ a nso deɛ firi ɔhamu nkyekyɛmu aduonum kɔpem aduoson. [8]Nnipa ɔwɔ United States bɛka bɛyɛ US$250 de tɔ aduro sa ayamtuo bɛyɛ afe.[12]

Nkyerɛaseɛ

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Ayamtim yɛ nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ na ɛnyɛ yareɛ. Mpempii no, ayamtim yɛ adeɛ a yɛka sɛ yɛn ayamdeɛ ntumi mpui bɛyɛ mprɛnsa nnwɔtwe nnawɔtwe biara.[13] [14]Saa ara nso na, nnipa bɔsoɔ ka nnoɔma a ɛdidisoɔ yi.[15]

  • Ayamdeɛ a ɛkyɛ ansa na aba
  • Wɔhia mmerɛ pii ansa na ayamdeɛ no aba
  • Ayamdeɛ no yɛ den
  • Ɛnam sɛ ayamdeɛ no kyɛ ansa na apii no nti ɛma no te yaw.
  • Yam yadeɛ
  • Mframa gyina ne yam
  • the sensation of incomplete bowel evacuation.

Rome III Criteria yɛ nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ ahodoɔ bi a ɛboa ma wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu no nya gyinapen a ɛfa ayamtim ho a ɛgyina mfeɛ ahodoɔ so. Saa ɔkwan yi boa ma aduyɛfoɔ kyerɛ ayamtim mu yie wɔ gyinapɛn kwan so.

Nnoɔma a ɛde ba

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Nnoɔma a ɛde ayamtim ba no bɛtumi akyekyɛ ayɛ congenital,ordinary ne Secondary. Deɛ ɛyɛ na paa yɛ ordinary na ɛnha adwene. [16]Ɛbɛtumi agyina mfeɛ a obi adi te sɛ mmɔfra ne mpanimfoɔ so akyekyɛmu.

Primary anaa functional ayamtim kyerɛ nsɛnkyerɛnne bi a ɛkɔso wɔ nnipadua mu a ɛboro bosome nsia a ɛnyi a asɛm biara so te sɛ aduro a obi anom ho nsunsuansoɔ anaa tebea a obi wɔ yareɛ mu. [17]Ɛmfa yam yadeɛ ho, ɛne sɛ ɛda nso firi irritable bowel syndrome ho. Ɛyɛ ayamtim a ɛyɛ na paa na ɛdɔɔso. [18]Wɔ mpanimfoɔ mu no, nnoɔma a ɛde Primary ayamtim ba na ɛdidisoɔ yi: nnuane a yɛ di bi te sɛ nnuane a nsuo nnim, anaa suban bi a yɛda no adi te sɛ yɛn tenetene yɛn mpom. Wɔ mpanimfoɔ paa mu no, nnoɔma a ɛde ba no gyina nnuane a nsuo nnim a wɔdi, wɔnnom nsuo pii, wɔntenetene wɔn mpom, nsunsuansoɔ a wɔnya firi nnuro a wafa mu, hypothyroidism ne colorectal kokoram. Adanseɛ a wɔde bɛsɔ saa nnoɔma yi asene yɛ adeɛ ebi nni hɔ. Ńoɔma a ɛde Secondary no ba yɛ nsunsuansoɔ a ɛwɔ nnuro a wɔnom mu bi te sɛ opiates, endocrine ne metabolic disorders te sɛ hypothyroidism, ne obstruction a ɛfiri colorectal cancer anaa ovarian cancer. [19]Celiac yareɛ ne non-celiac gluten sensitivity nso bɛtumi ama ayamtim aba.[20] Cystocele nso bɛtumi ama ayamtim ɛyɛ koankorɔ aba.[21]

Nnuane

Nnuane a nsuo nnoma a yɛdi, nsuo a yɛnnom bɛtumi de ayamtim aba.[22] Nnuane a nsuo wɔm tumi yi colonic transport time, ɛma ayamdeɛ dɔɔso na mmom ɛma no yɛ mmerɛ nso. Ne saa, nnuane a nsuo nnɔɔso wɔ mu no bɛtumi ama woanya ayamtim a yɛfrɛ no Primary.[23]

Nnuro

Nnuro pii nsunsuansoɔ yɛ ayamtim. Ɛbi ne ( na ɛnyɛ wei nika) opioids, diuretics, antidepressants, antihistamines, antispasmodics, anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, antiarrythmics, beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, anti-diarrheals, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists bi te sɛ ondansetron, ne aluminum antacids.[24] Calcium channel blockers bi te sɛ nifedipine ne verapamil bɛtumi ama woanya ayamtim. [25]Nnuane nnuro bi te sɛ calcium ne iron nso bɛtumi ama woanya ayamtim ho nsunsuansoɔ.

Tebea a obi kɔ mu sɛ ɔnom aduro bi a

Metabolic ne endocrine haw a ɛbɛtumi de ayamtim aba ne: pheochromocytoma, hypercalcemia, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, porphyria, chronic kidney disease, pan-hypopituitarism, diabetes mellitus, and cystic fibrosis.[26] Ayamtim nso tumi ba nnipa a wɔwɔ muscular ne myotonic dystrophy. [27]Yareɛ a ɛdidisoɔ a ɛde ayamtim ba ne celiac disease and systemic sclerosis.[28] Ayamtim wɔ kwan ahodoɔ ( mechanical, morphological, anatomical) a ɛfa so ba a ɛne, wɔ ma kwan bɛda colon no a ɛsi ayamdeɛ kwan ma no ba bi te sɛ colorectal cancer, strictures, rectocoles, anal sphincter damage or malformation and post-surgical changes. Nsorom nnoɔma bi a abɛka ho te sɛ malignancies bɛtumi de ayamtim aba.[29] Nea ɛde Ayamtim ba no bi yɛ Neurological, ebi ne anismus, descending perineum syndrome, and Hirschsprung's yareɛ. Hirschsprung yareɛ yɛ adeɛ a ɛyɛ na wɔ mmɔfra mu paa a ɛde ayamtim ba. Anismus ba nnipa kakra bi a wɔwɔ ayamtim a ɛyɛ koankorɔ anaa ayamdeɛ a ɛyɛ den sɛ ɛbɛpui.[30] Akyi nkasɛɛ ne Neurological a ɛntotɔ N'akwan yie bi te sɛ Parkinson's yareɛ ne pelvic floor dysfunction bɛtumi de ayamtim aba. Chagas yareɛ bɛtumi de ayamtim sɛ myenteric plexus sɛe a.[31]

Adwene mu nnoɔma[32][33]

Sɛ wohyɛ da ma yamdeɛ no ka wo mu kyɛ a ɛde ayamtim ba. [34]Nea ɛbɛma obi ayɛ saa no sɛ na onikorɔ no suro yaw a ɛbɛba no, akwadworɔ anaa ɔsuro baabi a nnipadɔm siesie wɔn ho.[34] Sɛ abɔfra ma ne yamdeɛ ka ne mu a nkuranhyɛ, nsuo ne afaseduro a aka abom bɛtumi asi saa ɔhaw no ano kwan.[33] Sɛ wodi wo ho so na wakura mu no nso bɛtumi de anka fissures aba.[35]

Congenital

Nyarewa pii a ɛba wɔ awoɔ mu no nso tumi de ayamtim ba mmɔfra so. Ɛyɛ ekuo bi a ɛda nso firi Hirschsprung (HD) yareɛ a ɛyɛ na ho.[36] Yɛwɔ congenital structural anomalies a ɛde ayamtim ba a ebi ne anterior displacement of the anus, imperforate anus, strictures, and small left colon syndrome.[37]

Beaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ

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  1. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bpg.2009.05.001
  2. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20170315085221/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation/all-content
  3. ↑ Bharucha, A. E.; Dorn, S. D.; Lembo, A.; Pressman, A. (January 2013). "American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on constipation". Best Practice & Research: Clinical Gastroenterology (Review). Baillière Tindall. 144 (1): 211–217. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.10.029. PMID 23261064. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022.
  4. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20170315085221/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation/all-content
  5. ↑ Colombo, Jennifer M.; Wassom, Matthew C.; Rosen, John M. (1 September 2015). "Constipation and Encopresis in Childhood". Pediatrics in Review. 36 (9): 392–401, quiz 402. doi:10.1542/pir.36-9-392. ISSN 1526-3347. PMID 26330473. S2CID 35482415.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 https://web.archive.org/web/20170315085221/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/constipation/all-content
  7. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3531555
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (26 June 2014). "Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate or Docusate (Calcium or Sodium) for the Prevention or Management of Constipation: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness". PMID 25520993.
  9. ↑ Brenner, DM; Shah, M (June 2016). "Chronic Constipation". Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 45 (2): 205–16. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2016.02.013. PMID
  10. ↑ Li, Yuyuan; Long, Shangqin; Liu, Qiaochu; Ma, Hong; Li, Jianxin; Xiaoking, Wei; Yuan, Jieli; Li, Ming; Hou, Minmin (8 August 2020). "Gut microbiota is involved in the alleviation of loperamide‐induced constipation by honey supplementation in mice". Food Science & Nutrition. NIH. 8 (8): 4388–4398. doi:10.1002/fsn3.1736. PMC 7455974. PMID 32884719. The results of this study suggested that honey can improve the symptoms of constipation by elevating fecal water content and intestinal transit rate in loperamide‐induced constipation
  11. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1440-1746.2006.04333.x
  12. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=PekixjgbRlcC&pg=PA240
  13. ↑ Jamshed, Namirah; Lee, Zone-En; Olden, Kevin W. (1 August 2011). "Diagnostic approach to chronic constipation in adults". American Family Physician. 84 (3): 299–306. ISSN 1532-0650. PMID 21842777
  14. ↑ http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2833.htm
  15. ↑ Walia R, Mahajan L, Steffen R (October 2009). "Recent advances in chronic constipation". Curr Opin Pediatr. 21 (5): 661–6. doi:10.1097/MOP.0b013e32832ff241. PMID 19606041. S2CID
  16. ↑ Locke GR, Pemberton JH, Phillips SF (December 2000). "American Gastroenterological Association Medical Position Statement: guidelines on constipation". Gastroenterology. 119 (6): 1761–
  17. ↑ http://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/1201/p2277.html
  18. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.dld.2013.03.016
  19. ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/ovarian/pdf/ovarian_facts.pdf
  20. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Gastroenterology_Organisation
  21. ↑ https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/bladder-control-problems-women/cystocele-prolapsed-bladder
  22. ↑ McCallum IJ, Ong S, Mercer-Jones M (2009). "Chronic constipation in adults". BMJ. 338: b831. doi:10.1136/bmj.b831. PMID
  23. ↑ https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.dld.2013.03.016
  24. ↑ https://doi.org/10.18773%2Faustprescr.2010.058
  25. ↑ Gallegos-Orozco JF, Foxx-Orenstein AE, Sterler SM, Stoa JM (January 2012). "Chronic constipation in the elderly". The American Journal of Gastroenterology (Review). 107 (1): 18–25. doi:10.1038/ajg.2011.349. PMID 21989145. S2CID 205099253
  26. ↑ Locke GR, Pemberton JH, Phillips SF (December 2000). "American Gastroenterological Association Medical Position Statement: guidelines on constipation". Gastroenterology. 119 (6): 1761–6. doi:10.1053/gast.2000.20390.
  27. ↑ Walia R, Mahajan L, Steffen R (October 2009). "Recent advances in chronic constipation". Curr Opin Pediatr. 21 (5): 661–6. doi:10.1097/MOP.0b013e32832ff241. PMID 19606041. S2CID 11606786.
  28. ↑ Gyger G, Baron M (2015).
  29. ↑ Rao, Satish S. C.; Rattanakovit, Kulthep; Patcharatrakul, Tanisa (2016). "Diagnosis and management of chronic constipation in adults". Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 13 (5): 295–305. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2016.53. PMID 27033126. S2CID 19608417.
  30. ↑ Schouten WR, Briel JW, Auwerda JJ, van Dam JH, Gosselink MJ, Ginai AZ, Hop WC (1997). "Anismus: fact or fiction?". Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 40 (9): 1033–1041. doi:10.1007/BF02050925. PMID 9293931. S2CID 23587867.
  31. ↑ Pérez-Molina, José A.; Molina, Israel (6 January 2018). "Chagas disease". The Lancet. 391 (10115): 82–94. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31612-4. PMID 28673423. S2CID 4514617.
  32. ↑ Walia R, Mahajan L, Steffen R (October 2009). "Recent advances in chronic constipation". Curr Opin Pediatr. 21 (5): 661–6. doi:10.1097/MOP.0b013e32832ff241. PMID 19606041. S2CID 1160678
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3531555
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Walia R, Mahajan L, Steffen R (October 2009). "Recent advances in chronic constipation". Curr Opin Pediatr. 21 (5): 661–6. doi:10.1097/MOP.0b013e32832ff241. PMID 19606041. S2CID 11606786
  35. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3531555
  36. ↑ Wexner, Steven (2006). Constipation: etiology, evaluation and management. New York: Springer
  37. ↑ Tabbers, M.M.; DiLorenzo, C.; Berger, M.Y.; Faure, C.; Langendam, M.W.; Nurko, S.; Staiano, A.; Vandenplas, Y.; Benninga, M.A. (2014). "Evaluation and Treatment of Functional Constipation in Infants and Children". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 58 (2): 265–281. doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000000266. PMID 24345831. S2CID 13834963
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