How To Analyze People Personality, Psychology, Human Behavior, Emotional Intelligence

How To Analyze People Personality, Psychology, Human Behavior, Emotional Intelligence  

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Table of Contents

Chapter 1: What Personality Is

Personality Psychology

Personality according to Sociologists

The Big Five Model

Meaning of the Big Five

Difference between the Big Five Theory and Other Personality Theories

The Skinner Perspective

Personality Change according to Rotter

Freud’s structural theory of personality

How to Make Use of Personality Assessment Scores

Chapter 2: Other Personality Theories

Personality according to Behaviorists

The Social Learning Theory

Chapter 3: Different Ways of Analyzing Personalities

The MMPI

Example of MMPI for a Police Recruitment Exercise

Example of Frequency Check

Projective Personality Tests

The Thematic Apperception Test

The Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank

Motivational Attitude Testing

Chapter 4: How to Discern Counter-Productive Personality Traits

Impact of Counter-productive Workplace Behavior on Leadership

Counter Productive Workplace Behavior Test

Major Methods of Applying the CWB Test

Overt Personality Tests

Covert Personality Tests

ESQ2 Integrity Test

The SFPQ

The Different Facets of SFPQ

The Case for Neuroticism

Chapter 5: How Personalities can Vary or Overlap

Personality Traits and Corresponding Behaviors

Authoritarianism

Individualism

Collectivism

Internal Locus of Control

External Locus of Control

Desire for Cognition

Chapter 6: Overlap of Personality Traits

Stability and Consistency of Personality Traits

How Facets of Personality Traits Overlap

The 18,000-word Lexicology

Overlap across Different Personalities

Overlap within the Same Personality

Practical Examples of Overlapping Behaviors

Significance of Personality Trait Overlap

The Impact of Personality Facets Overlap

Commonly Used List of Personality Trait Facets

Facets under Openness

Facets under the Conscientious Trait

Facets under the Extroversion Trait

Facets under the Trait of Agreeableness

Facets under the Trait of Neuroticism

Summarized Role of Trait Facets

Chapter 7: The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Personality

Emotional Intelligence following Goleman’s Studies

The Trait Model

The Ability Model

Emotion Appraisal and Expression

Emotion Regulation

Emotion Utilization

Goleman’s Influence on Modern EI Experts

Emotional Intelligence and Gender

Emotional Intelligence versus the Big Five

Borderline Personality Disorder

Dependent Personality Disorder

Dependent Personality Disorder and Emotional Intelligence

Avoidant Personality Disorder

How to Identify a Person with AVPD

Direct Link between the Big Five and EI

How the Big Five differ from EI

Qualities that Project Emotional Intelligence

EI Quality of Open-mindedness

Articulation Capacity as an EI Quality

Empathy as a Quality of EI

Being Observant

Leading by Example

Active Listening

Need for Professional Help

Chapter 8: High PCL-R Scores for a Cold-Hearted Criminal

Ted Bundy for Case Study

How to Use the PCL-R scale

Ted Bundy’s PCL-R Score

Chapter 9: Conclusion

The Big Five Model

The Six Factor Personality Questionnaire or SFPQ

Different Facets under the Major Personality Traits

Openness

Conscientiousness

Extroversion

Agreeableness

Neuroticism

Industriousness

Methodicalness

Independence

Why Popular Personalities Have no Extremes

Personality Traits Overlap

The Personality of Psychopaths

Personality Traits of a Psychopath

Non-discriminatory Nature of Psychopathy

The Case for Successful Psychopaths

Difference between Psychopathy and Close Disorders

How to Evaluate the Personality of a Psychopath

Chapter 1: What Personality Is

Personality, according to the American Psychological Association or APA, encompasses the various differences that manifest in an individual, as far as the person’s pattern of thinking, behaving, and even feeling is concerned.

Personality Psychology

That is why there is a branch of study in psychology dedicated to the aspect of human personality and its known variations among different people. Basically, this study, referred to as ‘Personality Psychology’, seeks to explain the manner in which individuals are different because of being exposed to varying psychological, environmental, and experiential factors.

In personality psychology, one seeks to construct a clear image of the person concerned, while considering the main psychological processes the individual appears to be undergoing. One also seeks to investigate the various psychological variations the person is experiencing; and finally, to investigate human nature alongside the similarities of a psychological nature different people have.

Personality according to Sociologists

From the perspective of sociologists, the word ‘personality’, whose origin is the Latin word, ‘persona’, which means ‘mask’, is used in reference to habits and attitudes, as well as ideas and other traits of a social nature, which manifest in a person’s behavior. For these features to be termed ‘personality’, it is important they be viewed in terms of the pattern they form once they manifest in the behavior of a person.

One is able to recognize these features as the individual carries out certain roles within the family or any other group setup, or the social status one is able to attain in the course of life.

Internally, these features are manifested in the manner the individual handles the self; like how motivated the individual is, the goals the person sets or achieves, and so on.

According to renowned American sociologist, Robert Ezra Park, in his publication collaborated with the Canadian-born American sociologist, Earnest Watson Burgess, a person’s personality is determined when the traits he/she manifests in a group setup are combined and organized in an appropriate manner.

For example, the personality of an individual growing up in an urban setup is understood in the light of the things going on and affecting him/her, which are bound to be of an urban nature. Likewise, the personality of a member of a religious organization can only be understood by viewing the totality of his/her behavior in the light of the organization’s order and expectations.  

When Park worked at the University of Chicago at the height of racial segregation, alongside Booker Washington, an African American elite, he learnt that the personality of an individual immigrant could only be understood in the context of the relationship that existed between the Whites and the Blacks in the region.

According to Parker, for an immigrant to reach the point of living in harmony with the dominant Whites, he/she would have to undergo four different stages; namely contact, followed by conflict and accommodation, and finally assimilation. It should be remembered that besides genetics, personality is also a factor of life experiences, environmental factors, and social influences.

According to Parker’s social angle to personality, once people have come into contact with one another, the next step is the tendency to compete, which basically serves as a source of conflict.

Only after the conflict stage is over that the individuals learn to accommodate one another, a stage arrived at through establishment of a hierarchy. Different personalities continue to emerge because during this stage some people tend to dominate others.

Finally, everyone accepts the course things have taken; in Parker’s example the immigrants getting assimilated into the society. The personalities of those involved are shaped by their experiences through the four stages mentioned. It is, therefore, reasonable to say that people’s personalities can change if their circumstances change.

After considering the various definitions professionals have given to personality, students of sociology are advised to consider the two major approaches to personality study as being sociological and psychological. While the psychological view of personality is a unique style peculiar to a person, the sociological view of it is a person’s status in a group setup.

The Big Five Model

The Big Five Model is also referred to as the Five Factor Model, and it is generally accepted by psychologists as a theory of personality. This theory holds that the factors comprising personality are five, represented by the acronym ‘OCEAN’; or even ‘CANOE’. These factors are openness; conscientiousness; extraversion, which is sometimes termed ‘extroversion’; agreeableness; and neuroticism. These traits are essentially the fundamentals of personality.

It should be noted that every one of these personality traits constitutes some facets or sub-categories, within which an individual falls.

An individual’s ‘big five’ normally remain consistent all through his/her life, because although the environment plays some role in developing the traits, they are mainly a result of one’s genes. In fact, a person’s big five are 50% inherited. For this reason, it is possible to predict with relative accuracy, for example, how well an individual is going to perform in matters of education or even health, on the basis of one’s big five.

Meaning of the Big Five

To understand the big five better, it is important to give every one of the traits its rightful meaning.

Openness

Openness, for example, is used in reference to one’s capacity to be open to experience. There